This dissertation consists of three papers at the intersection of social policy and immigration. The first paper analyzes the impact of immigrant welfare exclusion on government social spending at both an aggregate and specific social program level, using cross-national social expenditure panel data from 21 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries between 1990 and 2015 and taking advantage of the significant variation in welfare exclusivity across OECD countries by year. The second paper utilizes the variation in states’ response to the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion to investigate its effects on low-income immigrants’ inter-state mobility, specifically in-migration, and out-migration. Finally, the third paper utilizes data from the National Survey of Children’s Health to examine the effect of the announcement of the Trump administration’s revised Public Charge rule on insurance coverage and other health outcomes for children of immigrant parents.

This is a three-paper dissertation on placemaking, urban space, and the Southeast Asian American (SEAA) experience in San Francisco. The first part is a quantitative spatial study of SEAA demographic patterns in the San Francisco Bay Area, the second part is an archival study of community formation through the Tenderloin Neighborhood Development Corporation archives, and the third part is a volunteer ethnography with a community organization. Part 1 explores three methods of reporting residential patterns: (1) concentration profiles, (2) density maps, and (3) proximity profiles. I analyze U.S. Census data to map and evaluate the residential patterns for Southeast Asian Americans in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area. Drawing from the field of urban planning, I report two measures of segregation and concentration (a) dissimilarity indices and (b) spatial proximity indices, and I discuss their limitations. Since mapping and spatial statistics are essential to understanding the histories, development, and advancement of Southeast Asian American communities, it is important to promote their broad usage. The paper's findings lend evidence to three arguments: (1) pioneering moments (the establishment of new immigrant communities) can in fact start path dependent community growth, (2) clustering and dispersion to some extent can be predicted by classic theories of spatial assimilation, but new dynamics are playing out in today’s communities from Asian and Latino origins, including Southeast Asian American communities, and (3) residential clustering cases are circumstantial, dependent on unique local circumstances. Part 2 draws from Tenderloin Neighborhood Development Corporation (TNDC) archival materials, housed in the San Francisco History Center at the San Francisco Public Library, to present a case study of how the SEAA residents and a collection of actors collectively affected the local Southeast Asian American space (1980–2000). This article (1) examines the discourse of ‘neighborhood stabilization’ amidst housing precarity, (2) discusses the implications of refugees as ‘revitalizers’ and ‘entrepreneurs,’ and (3) documents the role of community partnerships and urban planning in building a SEAA community in the heart of San Francisco. Overall, the article argues that efforts to build affordable housing within a unique urban planning environment were instrumental in the formation of the Southeast Asian American community of San Francisco, and it demonstrates how local affordable housing and the built environment in refugee resettlement sits at the nexus of competing discourses about development and about inclusion. Part 3 documents a volunteer ethnography. Thousands of Southeast Asian American (SEAA) refugees and immigrants have called San Francisco’s Tenderloin District home, and their role in placemaking, community advancement, and cultural contributions are harbingers of future demographic dynamics in the North American metropolis. However, this community has been largely invisible in the urban planning and public policy literatures. In this ethnographic work, I document my experiences volunteering with a nonprofit and advocacy organization (referred to as The Center) that has served the SEAA community for several decades. Through these experiences, I find that (1) The Center provides a concrete anchor for the community, consistent with recent urban planning literature on placemaking, (2) the organizational motivations and self-narrative helps staff to confront logistical and contextual challenges, and (3) that volunteerism brings pragmatic resources and provides a critical lens for documenting and recording the history of the organization. The case study illustrates key elements of the political-economy of the social service industry in which the dynamics of immigrant placemaking, community advancement, and urban politics coalesce.

Wong Wai Ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-218). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Declaration --- p.iii / Abstract --- p.iv / 中文摘要 --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The Immigration of Cross-Border Families --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Family Strategies and Gender Relations --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Summary of Arguments --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research Design and Methods --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- The Development of Cross-Border Families --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6 --- Map of the Thesis --- p.16 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- "Immigration, Gender, and Family" --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Western Feminist Rethinking of the Family --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- Immigration Scholarship of Family Theorizing --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- An Integrative Approach --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4 --- The Concept of Strategy with a Gender Perspective --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5 --- Gender and Internal Family Processes --- p.29 / Chapter 2.6 --- The Making of the Structural Context --- p.31 / Chapter 2.7 --- Chinese Traditional Family Culture as Resource or Constraint? --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Immigration and Family Formation Across the Hong Kong 一 Guangdong Border --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1 --- History of Chinese Immigration and Cross-Border Family Formation --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2 --- Immigration Policy and Family Split Structures --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Immigration and Social Location of Immigrant Families --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4 --- Women's Economic Situation --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5 --- The Context of Reception --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Strategies and Family Patterns --- p.62 / Chapter 4.1 --- Tensions in Reconstituted Cross-Border Families --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2 --- Family Strategies and Conjugal Arrangements --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3 --- Legal Reunited Conjugal Arrangement --- p.67 / Chapter 4.4 --- Split Conjugal Arrangement --- p.71 / Chapter 4.5 --- Bi-national Conjugal Arrangement --- p.77 / Chapter 4.6 --- Continued Tensions and Alternate Conjugal Arrangements --- p.78 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- "Decision, Rationality and Conjugal Relations" --- p.88 / Chapter 5.1 --- The Pattern of Decision Making --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2 --- Decision Making and Conjugal Arrangements --- p.90 / Chapter 5.3 --- Decision Making and Gendered Motivations --- p.92 / Chapter 5.4 --- Rationality and Gender Relations --- p.103 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conjugal Conflicts and Negotiation --- p.107 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- "Homemaking, Fatherhood and The Reconstruction of Male Gender Role" --- p.118 / Chapter 6.1 --- Men's Participation in Domestic Work --- p.120 / Chapter 6.2 --- The Social Construction of Fatherhood --- p.129 / Chapter 6.3 --- Men's Strategy and Gender Change --- p.134 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Family Economy and the Remaking of Women's Family Status --- p.146 / Chapter 7.1 --- Changes in Family Economy after Family Reconstitution --- p.146 / Chapter 7.2 --- Theories of Family Resource Management --- p.149 / Chapter 7.3 --- The Patterns of Resource Management --- p.151 / Chapter 7.4 --- Gender Relations and Resource Management --- p.156 / Chapter Chapter 8: --- Conclusion --- p.173 / Chapter 8.1 --- The Politics of Cross-Border Family Formation --- p.173 / Chapter 8.2 --- Gender Change and Conjugal Negotiation --- p.178 / Chapter 8.3 --- Immigration and Social Inequality --- p.185 / Chapter 8.4 --- Theoretical Implications --- p.187 / Chapter 8.5 --- Issues for Further Studies --- p.194 / Notes --- p.196 / Appendix 1: Profile of Informants and Their Families --- p.201 / Appendix 2: Topics and Questions Guiding the Semi-structured Interviews --- p.206 / Bibliography --- p.210 / List of Tables / "Figure 1.1: Chinese Immigrants by Relations to Local Residents, 1988-97" --- p.2 / "Figure 3.1: A Table Showing the Entry of Chinese Immigrants, 1950s-1990s" --- p.38 / "Figure 3.2: Chinese Immigrants Having Relatives in the Mainland, 1998-2000" --- p.41 / "Figure 3.3: Employed Persons by Occupation,1996" --- p.46 / "Figure 3.4: Employed Persons by Industry,1996" --- p.57 / Figure 4.1: Categorization of Reconstituted Cross-Border Families by Conjugal Arrangements --- p.65 / Figure 5.1: The Pattern of Decision Making by Conjugal Arrangements --- p.89

La thèse a pour objet l'émancipation des femmes issues de l'immigration. Elle propose d'évaluer les effets de la migration et de l'accès au marché du travail sur l'émancipation des filles de migrantes d'origine marocaine en Belgique francophone.<p>L'étude tente d'abord de mettre en lumière le rôle des femmes immigrées dans l'histoire de la Belgique en le ré-articulant à l'histoire sociale, l'histoire des femmes et l'histoire de l'immigration. Ensuite, elle montre que l'approche dominante des travaux sur les migrations ne prend pas en compte la dimension du genre, ce qui a pour conséquence de masquer la différenciation des expériences migratoires selon le sexe. Enfin, elle replace l'analyse du statut des femmes immigrées et de leurs descendantes dans la complexité des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe afin de mieux rendre compte des réalités concrètes et de sortir du simplisme des approches culturalistes.<p>La thèse développe une analyse des politiques d'intégration (politiques éducative, de l'emploi et de lutte contre les discriminations) visant l'émancipation des immigrées et en évalue l'impact sur les filles de migrant-es d'origine marocaine. Elle présente enfin les trajectoires individuelles des filles de migrant.es marocain.es et examine les facteurs individuels et collectifs favorisant leur émancipation.<p> / Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished