Yau Wing Yiu, Winifred. / On t.p. "alpha"s appear as the Greek letter. / Thesis submitted in: October 2006. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-98). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iv / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xii / List of Figures --- p.xiv / List of Tables --- p.xvi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- What are PPARs? --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- PPAR ligands - peroxisome proliferators --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- PPAR isoforms --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Biological roles of PPARα --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Lipid metabolism --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Glucose metabolism --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Inflammation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Oxidative stress --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Cell proliferation and apoptosis --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- PPARα in health and diseases --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Wound-healing --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Anti-atherogenesis --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Neuroprotection --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Carcineogenesis --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- PPARα-regulated and starvation inducible gene (PPSIG) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- PPSIG is a PPARα target gene --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Computer-assisted predictions on PPSIG --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Current characterization of PPSIG --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives of the present study --- p.11 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Animals and treatment --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Cloning of PPSIG into pThioHis and pTYB expression vectors --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- PCR amplification of PPSIG cDNA insert --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- PPSIG cDNA insert for pThioHis vector --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- PPSIG cDNA insert for pTYB vector --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Restriction enzyme digestion of PPSIG cDNA insert and pThioHis vector --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Restriction enzyme digestion of PPSIG cDNA insert and pTYB vector --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Ligation and transformation --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Screening for recombinants by phenol/chloroform method --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Confirmation of recombinant plasmid by restriction enzyme digestion --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.6.1 --- Digestion of pThioHis-PPSIG plasmid with Xba I and Sac II --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.6.2 --- Digestion of pTYB-PPSIG plasmid with EcoR V --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Transformation into expression E. coli strains --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4 --- Over expression of PPSIG proteins in E. coli --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- Semi-purification of PPSIG fusion proteins by preparative SDS-PAGE --- p.24 / Chapter 2.6 --- Rabbit immunization --- p.25 / Chapter 2.7 --- Northern blotting analysis --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Probe preparation --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- "Formaldehyde-agarose gel electrophoresis, blotting of RNA and hybridization" --- p.26 / Chapter 2.8 --- Subcellular fractionation --- p.29 / Chapter 2.9 --- Western blotting of liver microsomes --- p.31 / Chapter 2.10 --- Immunoprecipitation --- p.32 / Chapter 2.11 --- Mass spectrometry --- p.33 / Chapter 2.11.1 --- Trypsin digestion and peptide extraction --- p.33 / Chapter 2.11.2 --- Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1 --- Cloning of PPSIG into pThioHis and pTYB vectors --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Cloning of PPSIG into pThioHis vector --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Cloning of PPSIG into pTYB vector --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Protein expression of Thio-PPSIG and Intein-PPSIG --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- Identification of recombinant Thio-PPSIG and Intein-PPSIG by mass spectrometry --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Preparation and characterization of Thio-PPSIG and Intein-PPSIG antisera --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5 --- Identification of native PPSIG and its induction pattern --- p.65 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- PPSIG was highly inducible upon 72-h starvation in a PPARα dependent manner --- p.65 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- "PPSIG showed slight induction upon 2-wk Wy-14,643 treatment" --- p.71 / Chapter 3.6 --- Confirmation of the specificity of PPSIG antiserum --- p.74 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.81 / References --- p.91 / Appendix A Deduced amino acid sequences of PPSIG fusion proteins --- p.99 / Chapter A1 --- Deduced amino acid sequence of Thio-PPSIG from pThioHis-PPSIG plasmid --- p.99 / Chapter A2 --- Deduced amino acid sequence of Intein-PPSIG from pTYB-PPSIG plasmid --- p.101 / Appendix B Mass spectra of trypsin digested native PPSIG --- p.104 / Chapter B1 --- Mass spectrum of trypsin digested native PPSIG immunoprecipitated from liver microsomes from PPARα wild-type mice fed with normal diet (starvation experiment) --- p.104 / Chapter B2 --- Mass spectrum of trypsin digested native PPSIG immunoprecipitated from liver microsomes from PPARα wild-type mice starved for 72 hours (starvation experiment) --- p.105 / Chapter B3 --- "Mass spectrum of trypsin digested native PPSIG immunoprecipitated from liver microsomes from PPARα wild-type mice fed with control diet (Wy-14,643 feeding experiment)" --- p.106 / Chapter B4 --- "Mass spectrum of trypsin digested native PPSIG immunoprecipitated from liver microsomes from PPARα wild-type mice fed with 0.1% (w/w) Wy-14,643 for 2 weeks (Wy-14,643 feeding experiment)" --- p.107

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (M.Sc (Clinical Pathology))--Mahidol University, 1982.