The main object of this thesis is to describe how the selected company uses information technology, its information system and the selection of the new information system. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. In the theoretical part the basic terms related to the information system are indicated. The thesis introduces the benefits that a company can achieve with the implementation of the new information systems and the factors that affect the final price of the information system. The market of the business information systems and ERP systems in the Czech Republic is also described. In the practical part, the selected STS Olbramovice a.s. company is characterized and its current information system, strengths, weaknesses and the reasons for implementation are indicated.The benefits of the implementation of the new information system are identified at the end of the thesis.

In this thesis, priority setting to the form of the Swedish parliamental decision on priority setting, 1997, is considered an innovation for implementation in health care. The features of this innovation are investigated. The practical implications of implementation are identified by investigating the user organisation, ie, Swedish health care organisations and management systems. Also, a case of a three-stage process for macro-level priority setting that engaged the entire organisation in the Västerbotten County Council (VCC) is presented. This is done against a background of preceding implementation efforts in the VCC. Four specific research efforts and papers are presented. In Paper I, priority setting is operationalised into a multi-dimensional resource allocation task. On that basis, with the help of interviews (1998) and surveys (2002 and 2005) primarily of VCC health care managers, the impact of implementation is measured by prioritisation structures, processes and decisions. Survey response rates were low. Results were used as qualitative data, internally compared, and interpreted as: a) responses reflected mainly “early adopters’” opinions; b) priority setting is an ambiguous concept; c) indicating limited overall implementation; d) reinterpretation of the prioritisation task occurred over time among respondents; and, e) this group took increasingly personal responsibility as stakeholders in priority setting. Paper II reports a case study intervention of explicit, departmental level priority setting with the aim of improving cost-effectiveness in in vitro fertilization resource use and a rationing of services perceived legitimate by all stakeholders. The intervention combined priority setting and structured quality improvement techniques. Results were: a) improved operational efficiency of diagnostic procedures that allowed resources to be reallocated to treatment; and b) patients were prioritized and treatment resources were rationed based on evidence of treatment effect among subgroups. Evaluation showed that the procedure met stated criteria for legitimacy. In Paper III, a full-format test of the macro level prioritisation process is described and evaluated by participants with the help of surveys after each completed stage. Participants report the need for improvement of elements in the overall process and of procedural specifics. However, overall there was a strong commitment to the initiative and satisfaction with the process and the resulting decisions. In Paper IV, procedural specifics of the prioritisation process are evaluated. They are also compared to the Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA) framework when used for macro level purposes. Procedures provided intended results such as vertical and horizontal priority setting and a consistent process. However, economic targets were not fully achieved in any of the stages. Conclusions include that health care management systems are not prepared for priority setting and need profound restructuring and that the prioritisation process described in Papers III and IV was successful because: a) the process satisfied politicians’ directives; b) participants were satisfied with the procedures and perceived the subsequent reallocation decisions as legitimate; and, c) methods resulted in the intended outcome. Factors suggested as the basis of success include: long-term overall preparations; broad and deep participation; a readiness for change among participants; a stage for horizontal priority setting that added to the quality, feasibility and perceived validity of the knowledge base; a strong process leadership; and politicians determined to protect the process from opportunistic disturbances.

Neste trabalho é descrita a organização de SINSEM, um sistema de processamento automático de especificação SINtático-SEMânticas de linguagens de programação. É colocada a motivação para um tal sistema, em relação ao uso que se daria a ele. O sistema é situado entre sistemas similares, dos quais alguns são brevemente descritos, incluindo-se exemplos de uso. Procura-se estabelecer conceitos relativos as trabalho com sistemas de auxilio ao projeto e à implementação de linguagens de programação. É discutida a estrutura lógica do sistema e uma filosofia de utilização, bem como é apresentada a nova metalinguagem proposta construído a partir da notação BNF, com extensões para se exprimir a semântica de uma linguagem de um modo construtivo, permitindo a especificação de gramáticas livres do contexto sem recursões a esquerda, visando a produção de reconhecedores recursivos descendentes dotados de ações semânticas. São apresentadas a sintaxe concreta e estática da metalinguagem, explicando-se também as funções semânticas (do tipo estático e do tipo concreto) pré-definidas no ambiente de desenvolvimento onde a ferramenta se integra. Tal ambiente pode ser operado por um conjunto de comandos que constituem uma interface (o "envelope"), que inclui também uma biblioteca sintático-semântica (que pode ser atualizada pelo usuário). A interface é descrita por meio de DFD'S E DE UM DICIONÁRIO DE DADOS. Ao final é apresentado um exemplo, parcialmente comentado (capítulo 5), de definição completa de uma linguagem de programação (CSSD), usando-se a metalinguagem proposta e os itens pré-definidos da biblioteca sintático-semântica. / In this work it is specified the constitution of SINSEM, an automatic processing system for SYNtactic and SEMantic specifications of programming languages. it is discussed motivation for such a system, according to uses it could have. The system is situated among similar systems, and some of these are briefly described, including examples. It is attempted to establish concepts about working with ,design and implementation aiding systems for programming languages. It is discussed the logical structure of the system and a philosophy of use, as well is presented a new metalanguage proposal for syntactic and semantic descriptions that is a production system constructed from BNF notation, with extensions to give language semantics in a constructive way, allowing specification of free context grammars with no left recursions, aiming the generation of preliminary versions of recursive descent parsers with semantic actions. The abstract and concrete syntax of the metalanguage are presented, and are also explained the semantic functions (of static and concrete type) predefined with and within the development environment where this frame is inserted. That environment can be operated by a set of commands that constitutes an interface ( the " envelope") wich includes too a syntactic-semantic library ( this can be made up to date by the user own). The interface is described by means of a set of DFD's and a data dictionary. At the end. it is presented an example, partially commented (chapter 5), of a complete definition of a programming language ( CSSD ), using the proposed metalanguage and the predefined items of the syntactic-semantic iibrary.

Neste trabalho é descrita a organização de SINSEM, um sistema de processamento automático de especificação SINtático-SEMânticas de linguagens de programação. É colocada a motivação para um tal sistema, em relação ao uso que se daria a ele. O sistema é situado entre sistemas similares, dos quais alguns são brevemente descritos, incluindo-se exemplos de uso. Procura-se estabelecer conceitos relativos as trabalho com sistemas de auxilio ao projeto e à implementação de linguagens de programação. É discutida a estrutura lógica do sistema e uma filosofia de utilização, bem como é apresentada a nova metalinguagem proposta construído a partir da notação BNF, com extensões para se exprimir a semântica de uma linguagem de um modo construtivo, permitindo a especificação de gramáticas livres do contexto sem recursões a esquerda, visando a produção de reconhecedores recursivos descendentes dotados de ações semânticas. São apresentadas a sintaxe concreta e estática da metalinguagem, explicando-se também as funções semânticas (do tipo estático e do tipo concreto) pré-definidas no ambiente de desenvolvimento onde a ferramenta se integra. Tal ambiente pode ser operado por um conjunto de comandos que constituem uma interface (o "envelope"), que inclui também uma biblioteca sintático-semântica (que pode ser atualizada pelo usuário). A interface é descrita por meio de DFD'S E DE UM DICIONÁRIO DE DADOS. Ao final é apresentado um exemplo, parcialmente comentado (capítulo 5), de definição completa de uma linguagem de programação (CSSD), usando-se a metalinguagem proposta e os itens pré-definidos da biblioteca sintático-semântica. / In this work it is specified the constitution of SINSEM, an automatic processing system for SYNtactic and SEMantic specifications of programming languages. it is discussed motivation for such a system, according to uses it could have. The system is situated among similar systems, and some of these are briefly described, including examples. It is attempted to establish concepts about working with ,design and implementation aiding systems for programming languages. It is discussed the logical structure of the system and a philosophy of use, as well is presented a new metalanguage proposal for syntactic and semantic descriptions that is a production system constructed from BNF notation, with extensions to give language semantics in a constructive way, allowing specification of free context grammars with no left recursions, aiming the generation of preliminary versions of recursive descent parsers with semantic actions. The abstract and concrete syntax of the metalanguage are presented, and are also explained the semantic functions (of static and concrete type) predefined with and within the development environment where this frame is inserted. That environment can be operated by a set of commands that constitutes an interface ( the " envelope") wich includes too a syntactic-semantic library ( this can be made up to date by the user own). The interface is described by means of a set of DFD's and a data dictionary. At the end. it is presented an example, partially commented (chapter 5), of a complete definition of a programming language ( CSSD ), using the proposed metalanguage and the predefined items of the syntactic-semantic iibrary.

Neste trabalho é descrita a organização de SINSEM, um sistema de processamento automático de especificação SINtático-SEMânticas de linguagens de programação. É colocada a motivação para um tal sistema, em relação ao uso que se daria a ele. O sistema é situado entre sistemas similares, dos quais alguns são brevemente descritos, incluindo-se exemplos de uso. Procura-se estabelecer conceitos relativos as trabalho com sistemas de auxilio ao projeto e à implementação de linguagens de programação. É discutida a estrutura lógica do sistema e uma filosofia de utilização, bem como é apresentada a nova metalinguagem proposta construído a partir da notação BNF, com extensões para se exprimir a semântica de uma linguagem de um modo construtivo, permitindo a especificação de gramáticas livres do contexto sem recursões a esquerda, visando a produção de reconhecedores recursivos descendentes dotados de ações semânticas. São apresentadas a sintaxe concreta e estática da metalinguagem, explicando-se também as funções semânticas (do tipo estático e do tipo concreto) pré-definidas no ambiente de desenvolvimento onde a ferramenta se integra. Tal ambiente pode ser operado por um conjunto de comandos que constituem uma interface (o "envelope"), que inclui também uma biblioteca sintático-semântica (que pode ser atualizada pelo usuário). A interface é descrita por meio de DFD'S E DE UM DICIONÁRIO DE DADOS. Ao final é apresentado um exemplo, parcialmente comentado (capítulo 5), de definição completa de uma linguagem de programação (CSSD), usando-se a metalinguagem proposta e os itens pré-definidos da biblioteca sintático-semântica. / In this work it is specified the constitution of SINSEM, an automatic processing system for SYNtactic and SEMantic specifications of programming languages. it is discussed motivation for such a system, according to uses it could have. The system is situated among similar systems, and some of these are briefly described, including examples. It is attempted to establish concepts about working with ,design and implementation aiding systems for programming languages. It is discussed the logical structure of the system and a philosophy of use, as well is presented a new metalanguage proposal for syntactic and semantic descriptions that is a production system constructed from BNF notation, with extensions to give language semantics in a constructive way, allowing specification of free context grammars with no left recursions, aiming the generation of preliminary versions of recursive descent parsers with semantic actions. The abstract and concrete syntax of the metalanguage are presented, and are also explained the semantic functions (of static and concrete type) predefined with and within the development environment where this frame is inserted. That environment can be operated by a set of commands that constitutes an interface ( the " envelope") wich includes too a syntactic-semantic library ( this can be made up to date by the user own). The interface is described by means of a set of DFD's and a data dictionary. At the end. it is presented an example, partially commented (chapter 5), of a complete definition of a programming language ( CSSD ), using the proposed metalanguage and the predefined items of the syntactic-semantic iibrary.

Responsável pela recuperação de dados a partir de várias fontes, por analisar e dar apoio à decisão através de procedimentos computacionais e análises estatísticas, Analytics vem conquistando grande interesse da comunidade científica e também no atual mercado de negócios. Através da enorme oferta de ferramentas tecnológicas e do grande entusiasmo relacionado com a evolução das tecnologias da informação, a implementação de Analytics, na ausência de planejamento estruturado pode ocasionar baixo desempenho do projeto e agregar pouco valor ao negócio, apo ponto de trazer prejuízos para a organização. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar os fatores críticos deste tipo de implementação na literatura científica e analisar como estes se manifestam nas organizações. A pesquisa constrói um quadro teórico conceitual a partir da revisão de literatura do tema para a análise da evolução deste nas discussões acadêmicas, através da aplicação de análises bibliométricas. Fatores são selecionados com base na literatura, referentes ao sucesso da implementação de Analytics relacionados aos sistemas de apoio à decisão, sendo divididos em construtos de Gestão de Negócios e Tecnologia da Informação. A pesquisa qualitativa, através do uso do método de estudo de caso, analisou quatro organizações de diferentes segmentos e projetos de implementação de soluções de Analytics. O trabalho conclui que há aderência aos fatores depreendidos da literatura e que haja reações distintas do alinhamento da Tecnologia da Informação com a estratégia do negócio de acordo com o tipo de solução implementada na organização. / Responsible for retrieving data from several fonts, for analyzing and providing support decision through computational procedures and statistical and for descriptive and predictive analysis, Analytics has been achieving great interest from scientific community and in the today\'s business market. Through the huge offer of technological tools and the great enthusiasm related to the information technology evolution, the implementing of Analytics in the absence of structured planning may cause low performance of the project and add low value to the business, and even bring loss to the organization. This research aims to investigate the critical actors of this kind of implementing and evaluate how they manifest on organizations. The methodology adopted focus on conceptual theoretical model built from the literature review followed by the analysis of the evolution of the topic in academic discussions through a bibliometric analysis application. Several factors are selected based on scientific production, all related to the success of implementing Analytics based on knowledge from other decision support system literature, divided in two constructs, Business Management and Information Technology. The qualitative research, with the use of case study method, analyzed four organizations from distinct market and products, as well as distinct Analytics implementation projects. The research concludes that there are strong relationship between the factors extracted from literature and shows that there are dissimilar reactions regarding the alignment between Information Technology and the business\' strategy, being related to the type of Analytics solution implemented in the organization.

Responsável pela recuperação de dados a partir de várias fontes, por analisar e dar apoio à decisão através de procedimentos computacionais e análises estatísticas, Analytics vem conquistando grande interesse da comunidade científica e também no atual mercado de negócios. Através da enorme oferta de ferramentas tecnológicas e do grande entusiasmo relacionado com a evolução das tecnologias da informação, a implementação de Analytics, na ausência de planejamento estruturado pode ocasionar baixo desempenho do projeto e agregar pouco valor ao negócio, apo ponto de trazer prejuízos para a organização. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar os fatores críticos deste tipo de implementação na literatura científica e analisar como estes se manifestam nas organizações. A pesquisa constrói um quadro teórico conceitual a partir da revisão de literatura do tema para a análise da evolução deste nas discussões acadêmicas, através da aplicação de análises bibliométricas. Fatores são selecionados com base na literatura, referentes ao sucesso da implementação de Analytics relacionados aos sistemas de apoio à decisão, sendo divididos em construtos de Gestão de Negócios e Tecnologia da Informação. A pesquisa qualitativa, através do uso do método de estudo de caso, analisou quatro organizações de diferentes segmentos e projetos de implementação de soluções de Analytics. O trabalho conclui que há aderência aos fatores depreendidos da literatura e que haja reações distintas do alinhamento da Tecnologia da Informação com a estratégia do negócio de acordo com o tipo de solução implementada na organização. / Responsible for retrieving data from several fonts, for analyzing and providing support decision through computational procedures and statistical and for descriptive and predictive analysis, Analytics has been achieving great interest from scientific community and in the today\'s business market. Through the huge offer of technological tools and the great enthusiasm related to the information technology evolution, the implementing of Analytics in the absence of structured planning may cause low performance of the project and add low value to the business, and even bring loss to the organization. This research aims to investigate the critical actors of this kind of implementing and evaluate how they manifest on organizations. The methodology adopted focus on conceptual theoretical model built from the literature review followed by the analysis of the evolution of the topic in academic discussions through a bibliometric analysis application. Several factors are selected based on scientific production, all related to the success of implementing Analytics based on knowledge from other decision support system literature, divided in two constructs, Business Management and Information Technology. The qualitative research, with the use of case study method, analyzed four organizations from distinct market and products, as well as distinct Analytics implementation projects. The research concludes that there are strong relationship between the factors extracted from literature and shows that there are dissimilar reactions regarding the alignment between Information Technology and the business\' strategy, being related to the type of Analytics solution implemented in the organization.

The doctoral research project is titled ‘An Exploration of the Relationship of Organisational Culture and Enterprise System Success and sought to address the research gap identified in the literature between organisational culture literature and Information System success literature. This is a research project which is funded by the Australian Research Council in conjunction with industry. The industry sponsors for this research were SAP AG, SAP USA and SAP ANZ. The research project adopted a multi-method research design, grounded in practice, in order to surface any reported relationship between Enterprise Systems Success (ESS) and Organisational Culture (OC). A critical part of the study was to identify who could report on this relationship. Partners in implementation include internal change managers, internal consultants, vendor consultants and implementation partner consultants. Representatives from each of these constituents were interviewed, covering a range of industry sectors and Enterprise Systems vendor organisations. The first phase of the research was to qualitatively assess the perception of these participants on the role of culture to Enterprise Systems Success. This phase used open, axial and selective coding of the responses obtained in a semi-structured interview. The next phase of the research was to gather quantitative measures of Organisational Culture and Enterprise Systems Success. The Organisational Culture Assessment Inventory (OCAI) of Cameron and Quinn was selected to gather quantitative data on Organisational Culture. The Enterprise Systems Success instrument of Gable, Sedera and Chan was selected to measure the perception of ESS because of its proven reliability and validity. Each of these data sets were then analysed to determine if an association existed between the cultures of organisations that achieved most success with the Enterprise System as opposed to the culture types reported of organisations that achieved the least success with the ES. These findings then assisted in the development of a model of interaction between OC and ESS. Finally, the relationship of OC to ESS was explored in a rich case study of one large firm, to determine if the consultant’s reported relationships could be identified in the subcultures of the organisation. The key findings of this study were: 1. There was a relationship reported between culture type and success types. The findings a-e below represent findings using the culture definitions from Cameron & Quinn’s culture instrument: a. clan cultures which emphasised the behaviours of development of others were related to reports of ESS b. hierarchical cultures which emphasised the behaviours of control and coordination were related to reports of ESS c. hierarchical cultures which were poor in the execution of control and coordination were related to reports of the least success with ES d. market cultures which emphasised (internal) competitiveness were strongly related to reports of least success with ES e. literature attributes of continuous improvement (CI), flexibility (F) and innovation (I), which are often described as antecedents to innovation success and are found in the culture type of adhocracy, were reported as strongly related to success of ES, but the culture type of adhocracy was not reported as being present in the quantitative data describing consultant experiences with enterprises which had implemented ES. 2. that the literature supported theoretical reasons for the above findings 3. that these patterns of association were found in the case study. The research supports the proposition that there is a relationship between Organisational Culture type and ESS. Certain culture types practice behaviours that correspond to reported necessary behaviours for innovation success and ESS, whilst other culture types practice behaviours that correspond to behaviours for failure of innovation and of ES failure. A model of and explanation for this relationship was proposed as a result of the findings. Future research is now required to empirically test this model.

The thesis is focused on the role of assurance within project management standards. Firstly, the theoretical role of assurance was established based on the performed research. Three main areas of interest have been identified: Assurance over business, the project itself and the product. The role established in the theoretical part of the work was subsequently compared to information systems development methodologies and project management standards. From the comparison with AUP, Scrum and FDD methodologies, it seems that the better assurance is defined, the longer the feedback cycle is. During the comparison with the three most widespread project management standards - IPMA, PRINCE2 and PMBOK - various areas have been identified where these are not fully compliant with the theoretical role of assurance. Additions to IPMA and PMBOK have been created to support the compliance with the theoretically established role of assurance, fulfilling the objective set for the practical part of the work and providing benefits to IT project management professionals that struggle to deliver quality products while following one of the aforementioned standards.