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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Uma análise empírica para a hipótese de hysteresis nas importações brasileiras / Empirical analysis of the hysteresis hypothesis on the brazilian imports

Mendonça, Diogo de Prince 26 February 2010 (has links)
Esse trabalho propõe testar a presença de hysteresis na demanda por importações e no repasse cambial para o preço das importações, no período de 1996 a 2008 no Brasil, utlizando dados em painel para 29 setores industriais. Os testes para a presença de hysteresis baseiam-se no conceito de hysteresis forte fornecido pelo modelo de Preisach (1938), captadas a partir de variáveis representativas do fenômeno calculadas a partir do algoritmo de Piscitelli et al (2000). As estimações utilizam a metodologia convencional em painel, bem como métodos de estimação considerando a possibilidade de cointegração entre as variáveis. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de hysteresis no preço e no quantum importados. Como teorizou Dixit (1989), o grau de pass-through reduz na presença do fenômeno histerético. Além disso, obtivemos que o grau de repasse cambial para o preço das importações diminuía sob a presença de hysteresis, conforme proposto por Dixit. / This research proposes to test the hysteresis hypothesis on the Brazilian import demand and the exchange rate pass-through from 1996 to 2008 in a panel from 29 industrial sectors. The hysteresis test is based on the strong hysteresis concept from Preisach model, measured by algorithm from Piscitelli et al (2000). The methodology focus on the traditional panels method and the cointegration relationship. The results indicate the presence of hysteresis at both equations. Besides, the exchange rate pass-through estimated reduced in the presence of hysteresis as proposed by Dixit (1989).
2

Uma análise empírica para a hipótese de hysteresis nas importações brasileiras / Empirical analysis of the hysteresis hypothesis on the brazilian imports

Diogo de Prince Mendonça 26 February 2010 (has links)
Esse trabalho propõe testar a presença de hysteresis na demanda por importações e no repasse cambial para o preço das importações, no período de 1996 a 2008 no Brasil, utlizando dados em painel para 29 setores industriais. Os testes para a presença de hysteresis baseiam-se no conceito de hysteresis forte fornecido pelo modelo de Preisach (1938), captadas a partir de variáveis representativas do fenômeno calculadas a partir do algoritmo de Piscitelli et al (2000). As estimações utilizam a metodologia convencional em painel, bem como métodos de estimação considerando a possibilidade de cointegração entre as variáveis. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de hysteresis no preço e no quantum importados. Como teorizou Dixit (1989), o grau de pass-through reduz na presença do fenômeno histerético. Além disso, obtivemos que o grau de repasse cambial para o preço das importações diminuía sob a presença de hysteresis, conforme proposto por Dixit. / This research proposes to test the hysteresis hypothesis on the Brazilian import demand and the exchange rate pass-through from 1996 to 2008 in a panel from 29 industrial sectors. The hysteresis test is based on the strong hysteresis concept from Preisach model, measured by algorithm from Piscitelli et al (2000). The methodology focus on the traditional panels method and the cointegration relationship. The results indicate the presence of hysteresis at both equations. Besides, the exchange rate pass-through estimated reduced in the presence of hysteresis as proposed by Dixit (1989).
3

The Russian Federation - the European economy’s future powerhouse? : An Econometric Analysis of the Energy Import Relationship Between Seven European Key Countries and the Russian Federation / Europas Framtida Energileverantör : En ekonometrisk analys av energiimport förhållandet mellan sju europeiska nyckelländer och Ryssland.

Olofsson, Linus, Savelainen, Mikael January 2017 (has links)
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how the world market price of crude oil, coal and natural gas affects the demand of and dependency on energy imports from the Russian Federation of key European countries[1]. We achieve our objective through econometric estimations of import demand equations concerning imports from the Russian Federation of crude oil, coal and natural gas for seven EU key countries during 1990-2014.Three out of twenty-one models were found to be statistically significant for both the spot price- and income elasticity. The spot price elasticities for the models where: coal import demand for Finland (-0.49), crude oil import demand for Italy (-0.44) and the Netherlands (-0.42). The income elasticities for the aforementioned models were found to be: Finland (2.58), Italy (5.85) and the Netherlands (7.62). The remaining models were statistically insignificant presumably due to different internal structures in the data or due to the assumption of perfect substitute model. [1] EU key countries include: Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur världsmarknadspriset på råolja, kol och naturgas påverkar den europeiska efterfrågan på och beroendet av energiimport från Ryssland. Ekonometriska uppskattningar av importefterfrågan för råolja, kol och naturgas som produceras av Ryska Federationen för sju EU nyckelländer kommer att produceras. Huvudsyftet är att uppskatta elasticiteter hos importefterfrågan som kännetecknar de handelsförbindelserna mellan Ryssland och sju EU nyckelländerna med avseende på de tre energiresurser.  Tre av tjugoen modeller visade sig vara signifikanta för både världsmarknadspriset och inkomstelasticiteten. Följande variabler och elasticiteter för priset var signifikant; Kol Importefterfrågan för Finland (-0,49), Olje Importefterfrågan för Italien (-0,44) och Nederländerna (-0,42). Inkomstelasticitet för de nämnda modellerna estimeras vara; Finland (2,58), Italien (5,85) och Nederländerna (7,62). Den statistiska insignifikansen hos de övriga modellerna härstamma troligtvis från den interna strukturen på datat eller antagandet om den perfekta substitut modellen
4

Welfare implications of the EU's common organization of the market in bananas for EU Member States

Badinger, Harald, Breuss, Fritz, Mahlberg, Bernhard January 2001 (has links) (PDF)
The objective of this paper is to analyze the welfare effects of the European Banana Market Policy. Until 1993, EU countries had a wide variety of separate national policies, ranging from free trade (e.g. Germany) to heavily regulated markets (e.g. Spain, France). On 1 July 1993, the EU's common organization of the market in bananas came into force and established a combined quota-tariff regime with preferential access for ACP and EU suppliers. We estimate the resulting changes in the welfare of consumers, traders and the national governments for all member states of the European Union to identify the winners and losers of this change in the external trade policy. Over the period 1993 to 1998, the cumulated aggregate welfare loss of the consumers amounted to ECU 1408 mill, whereas the international banana traders gained ECU 558 mill. on the EU market. The welfare effect on the national budgets of the EU member states was also positive (ECU 783 mill.) due to higher tariff income. The resulting total deadweight loss of the European Union amounted to ECU 68 mill. As regards the distribution of the welfare effects, the former free trade countries lost welfare, whereas the formerly severely regulated countries gained. In absolute terms the biggest loser of the regime shift is Germany, the biggest winner is France. (authors' abstract) / Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
5

Agricultural Imports Of Turkey

Durusu Ciftci, Dilek 01 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis analyses the agricultural import demand of Turkey for the period 1993-2009. The main objective of the thesis is to assess the reason for the rapid increase in imports. Turkey has a trade surplus since 1993, yet, imports have surged since 2001. In this study import demand has been analyzed descriptively i.e., the developments in foreign trade have been described by the help of available, official trade statistics. Increasing population, economic growth (income) and overvalued exchange rate are among important factors that give rise to this rapid import increase. Foreign relations, such as the World Trade Organization&rsquo / s Agreement on Agriculture (1995) and Free Trade Agreement with European Union (1997), play also an important role. Future developments of EU-Turkey relations and a new WTO Agreement (Doha) may become instrumental to convert Turkey to a net importer of agricultural products. Turkey may keep its net-exporter position also in the future by increasing her agricultural output and productivity rather than relying on protectionism.
6

A demanda de importações de etanol pela Suécia e pela União Europeia

Czinar, Manuela de Moraes 04 August 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Gabriel (luciana.gabriel@fgv.br) on 2010-09-30T19:45:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuela de Moraes.pdf: 906038 bytes, checksum: a7b0ab9563e95cac6c8f6f11fc579b77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-09-30T19:45:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuela de Moraes.pdf: 906038 bytes, checksum: a7b0ab9563e95cac6c8f6f11fc579b77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-04 / As a result of growing concerns, especially in developed countries, with respect to oil dependence and climate change, the share of biofuels in the global energy mix is becoming increasingly relevant. In Brazil, the internal market has been the determinant factor for the sugar industry development in recent years. However the continuation of this trend in the midterm depends on international demand for Brazilian ethanol. In order to understand the potential imports of ethanol by the European Union and in particular Sweden, it was proposed in this dissertation, the analysis of the determinant factors of their imports. This paper described the evolution of the ethanol market in the bloc, focusing on incentives and policies adopted in Sweden, member country which is at the forefront in replacing gasoline with ethanol. Using data from 2006 to 2009 and assuming that imports of ethanol are a result of excess domestic demand for biofuels, we analyzed the economic relations between the variables. It is observed that the variables associated with demand in that region are in general more important in explaining the quantum of imported fuel than the variables related to regional supply. The impact of 1% increase in the price of gasoline is approximately 1.8% decrease in imports of ethanol. When the price rises of 1% in the EU reduces imports by 1.4%. Imports move in the opposite direction when changes occur in income (GDP) and the price of wheat, the main feedstock. 1% increase in income and in the price of wheat generate, respectively, 10.1% and 1.4% growth in imports of ethanol. Thus, the main export opportunities of Brazilian ethanol to the EU can be given for possible frustrations of the cereals harvest and by income growth in the region. A trend of rising oil prices may have negative impact on ethanol demand, if no compensation policies through more aggressive use of biofuels are adopted. Swedish imports behave similarly due to shocks. A one percent rise in gasoline prices reduces by 2.71% Swedish imports of ethanol, and these grow 4.4% when there is an addition of 1% of GDP. The impact on imports of the fleet ready for E85 is important: 1% increase in this fleet generates 8% growth in the quantity imported. Thus, the recent extinction of some incentives to buy vehicles that run on E85 can mean stability of the need for ethanol imports related to this variable, taking the income a greater role in the growth of imports. The coefficient of the price of E85 showed not to be statistically different from zero. This result may be due to a possible difference between the behavior of owners of cars running on E85 and of the owners of cars that run exclusively on gasoline, allowing for a higher pricing policy for producers of ethanol, Swedish or Brazilian, with low impact on demand. / Como consequência da crescente preocupação, especialmente dos países desenvolvidos, em relação à dependência do petróleo e às mudanças climáticas, a participação dos biocombustíveis na matriz energética global está se tornando cada vez mais relevante. No Brasil, o mercado interno foi o determinante para o desenvolvimento da indústria sucroalcooleira nos últimos anos, mas sabe-se que a continuação desta tendência no médio prazo dependerá da demanda internacional pelo etanol brasileiro. De forma a compreender o potencial importador de etanol da União Europeia e, em particular, da Suécia, propôs-se, nesta dissertação, analisar os determinantes de suas importações. O presente trabalho descreveu a evolução do mercado de etanol no bloco, focando-se nos incentivos e políticas adotadas na Suécia, país-membro que está mais avançado na substituição da gasolina pelo etanol. Utilizando-se de dados de 2006 a 2009 e assumindo que as importações de etanol são resultantes de um excesso de demanda doméstica pelo biocombustível, analisaram-se as relações econômicas entre as variáveis. Observou-se que as variáveis associadas à demanda daquele bloco são, de forma geral, mais importantes na explicação do quantum importado do combustível do que as variáveis associadas à oferta regional. O impacto do aumento em 1% do preço da gasolina é de decréscimo de aproximadamente 1,8% nas importações de etanol. Quando o preço deste se eleva 1% na União Europeia, reduz em 1,4% as importações. Já em sentido oposto se movimentam as importações quando ocorre alteração na renda (PIB) e no preço do trigo, o principal insumo. Acréscimo de 1% na renda e no preço do trigo geram, respectivamente, 10,1% e 1,4% de crescimento nas importações de etanol. Assim, as principais oportunidades de exportação de etanol brasileiro para o bloco podem se dar por possíveis frustrações da safra de cereais e pelo crescimento da renda europeia. Já a tendência de ascensão do preço do petróleo pode ter impacto negativo na demanda de etanol, caso não haja compensação através de políticas mais agressivas de uso de biocombustíveis. As importações suecas comportam-se de maneira semelhante às do bloco quando ocorrem choques. Um porcento de elevação no preço da gasolina sueca reduz em 2,71% as importações de etanol e, estas crescem 4,4% quando do acréscimo de 1% do PIB do país. Importante é o impacto nas importações da frota preparada para E85: 1% de elevação nesta frota gera acréscimo de 8% no volume importado. Desta forma, a extinção recente de alguns incentivos para a compra de veículos movidos a E85 pode significar estabilidade da necessidade de importações de etanol relacionada a esta variável, passando então a renda a ter um papel mais importante no crescimento das importações. Já o coeficiente do preço do E85 apresentou-se estatisticamente não diferente de zero, podendo este resultado ser consequência de uma possível diferença do perfil dos proprietários de carros movidos a E85, relativamente ao dos proprietários de carros movidos exclusivamente à gasolina, dando margem a uma política de preços mais remuneradora para os produtores de etanol, sendo estes suecos ou brasileiros, com baixo impacto sobre a demanda.

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