Human capital is basically knowledge, skill, or expertise embodied in people and acquired through investments in formal or informal education, training, or learning by doing. If one adopts the household production model of consumer behavior in which the household or consumer is viewed as producing goods or services in the household that they sell to themselves, in effect, it is natural to think of labor used in the household. It follows that human capital should be an important input to the process of household production. Following the prevailing of the internet, on-line shopping is the whole new tendency towards consumption. In the view of human capital, on-line shopping provide more information about goods and prices to consumers, but the point is that consumers build the skill to search information. When consumers have the ability to shop by computer and internet, and are also familiar with the on-line shopping procedure through on-line shopping experience, it may rise the consumption of on-line shopping. This is a kind of accumulated human capital effect. Many empirical research show that most internet users have higher degree, and on the other hand the percentage of employees from information industries is also increasing. Students and employees from information are the large weight users. Thus it can be seen that shopping on the web or not depends on the degree of eduction and contact with internet. This study use the concept of human capital to explain the motive of on-line shopping. When consumers have the ability to shop by computer and internet, and are also familiar with the on-line shopping procedure through on-line shopping experience, it would lower the full price of on-line shopping, and then increase the consumption. It involves with the effect of network externality, therefore this external effect lower the full price and rise the consumption of on-line shopping. That is why more and more people are willing to consume on the wed. The purpose of this study is using the generalized human capital model under the network externality to discuss the role of human capital when consumers consume the activities of on-line shopping.

Abtract Three different microstrip transmission-line layouts between the pads and an optical modulator waveguide have been designed and compared for their circuit response. In the first design, two 50£[ input and output microstrip transmission lines are connected to the center of the 24.58£[ semiconductor waveguide. In the second design, two 78£[ input and output microstrip transmission lines are connected to the center of waveguide. The third design represents a traveling-wave EA modulator. After optimizing the lengths of the transmission lines through our circuit simulation, we find that the traveling-wave optical modulator (the third layout) have the best circuit response of bandwidth ~22.4GHz and voltage reflection coefficient ~40%. The traveling-wave optical modulator not only overcomes the RC constant limit but also makes use of long waveguide to satisfied the high-speed requirement. At the same time, this circuit increases the extinction ratio and optical saturation power. In the fabrication process, we use polyimide to planarize both sides of the ridge waveguide and evaporate the top electrode on the polyimide. In addition, we use a special wet etching to form sloped edges for rasing ground pads up to the same level of the signal pad. This will allow us to use coplanar microwave probes to measure the devices.

The results provided by this study include (a) temperature fileds in the interior and surface of the heater (b) determination of the heat transfer coefficient on the surface of the heater (c) the effects of different dimensionless working parameters

The Balun Core is used in this paper to design a balance to unbalance 1:1 wideband transmission line transformer, because magnetism this package of Balun core witch cover good, leak magnetism inductance to be relatively little, can give consideration to characteristic, low frequency of section, and because the volume is small can make transmission line short, also can give consideration to necessary high frequency too. And wide bandwidth transmission line transformers (TLTs), in many kinds of RF circuit, offer wide frequency band impedance transform, usually in equipment and characteristic impedance of system match. If load or the secondary circuit and impedance mismatch of the signal source or the equipment end, unable to reach the best power of transmission, most power loss because of impedance mismatch, and inserting loss increasing too. With higher frequency and wide bandwidth of utilization component at present, so wideband impedance match is importance.

Product line extension is considered a low-cost, low-risk strategy of introducing products under the same category. Under product line extension strategy, however, manufactures and retailers usually advertise merely one product during a certain period, rather than advertising all products within the product line at the same time. Taking example of Coke Cola, it keeps extending its product line horizontally in the past years. There are Classic, Diet and Zero Coke belonging to the main product line. As we observed, Coke Cola seldom advertised for three products simultaneously. On the contrary, to highly impress consumers, only one product would be strongly promoted in a certain period. What is interesting is whether the advertisement of Zero Coke lowers the price that Classic Coke buyers are prepared to pay toward Classic Coke while zero calorie is highly emphasized in ads. It would be interesting to investigate the impact of product line advertisement on consumers to see whether the product line advertisement always brings positive influence on reference price toward consumers with different purchase purposes. This research addressed the question of how product-line advertisement influences consumer¡¦s reference price within vertical and horizontal product line. It combined the research of product line extension and the concept of reference price to give advice for marketing. The category of product used in experiment is durable that was suggested in prior study. To examine the relationship between product-line advertisement and reference price, experimental method was performed here to test different kind of product line advertisement toward consumers with different purpose purposes, buying high-end product, low-end product or one certain product belonging to the horizontal product line. The results indicated that within the vertical product line, the brand advertisement with low-end product decreases the reference price toward high-end product buyers whereas the informational advertisement with low-end product increases the reference price toward high-end product buyers. Besides, within the horizontal product line, both of the brand and informational advertisement with one certain product in horizontal product line decreases the reference price toward the buyer who would like to buy another product belonging to the same product line.

Thesis--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1936.

A Distance Protection System based on the Transputer has been developed in which the Distance Protection Scheme is modelled in Occam, a parallel processing language designed to support the concept of communicating sequential processes running on the Transputer. Two Data Acquisition arrangements have been investigated, one controlled by an Interfacing Transputer via Link Adaptors, the other making use of existing Protection Data Acquisition equipment controlled by the Interfacing Transputer through Dual Port RAM. In both cases other similar additional Transputer modules are interconnected with the Interfacing Transputer to form a parallel processing system for a Distance Protection Scheme. The Occam model of the Protection System has been developed around a central control program (Harness) which can be easily modified to accommodate different Protection algorithms. In addition the Occam Protection Harness incorporates features to allow it to fail safely or run on a single Transputer version of the Harness should the Transputer network fail. This arrangement provides a new approach in the development of Protection systems using multiple processing elements with an Occam Protection Harness that can accommodate different algorithms and Trip logic schemes. The Thesis describes the design of the system and indicates its performance capabilities and limitations. This research indicates that a full three phase distance protection scheme can be realised using four Transputers running simple short data window impedance calculating algorithms, together with post impedance processing and Trip logic. More complex algorithms will require additional faster Transputers but can be realised using the same Occam Protection Harness.

No description available.

No description available.

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