Thesis (B.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2009. / Also available online. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-40).

Fachhochsch., Studiengang Bibliothekswesen, Diplomarbeit--Köln, 2008. / Literaturverz. S. 120 - 124.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 164, p.: ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Paul W. Sciulli, Dept. of Anthropology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-160).

Tesis (maestro en ciencias antropológicas)--Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 1951. / Bibliography: p. 85-87.

For verifying the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), different monitoring technologies (seismic, infrasound, hydroacoustic, and radionuclide detection) are combined. The monitoring of radioactive xenon isotopes is one of the principal methods for the determination of the nuclear nature of an explosion. After an underground nuclear detonation the radioxenon isotopes [superscript 131m]Xe, [superscript 133m]Xe, ¹³³Xe, and ¹³⁵Xe, and the radioargon isotope ³⁷Ar have an increased probability of detection. In order to effectively utilize these isotopes as indicators of nuclear testing, an accurate background must be calculated. This work examines the fission products produced by spontaneous fission of ²³⁸U, which is naturally present in the earth's crust, and of ²⁴⁰Pu which is present as a product of nuclear weapons and nuclear reactor accidents. These calculations provide a range of production values for radioxenon in a variety of geologies as well as at various historic locations. The activation of geologic calcium and potassium by cosmic ray neutrons is considered for a variety of properties effecting the neutron flux. These calculations provide a range of radioargon production values across a selection of geologies. The impact of latitude and the solar activity cycle are also examined. In order to examine the transport of the isotopes through soil a model of the transport of xenon and argon through various geologies was developed. This model incorporates both the introduction of xenon from the atmosphere and that produced by spontaneous fission. This is then considered in light of what might be observed in an on-site inspection (OSI). What this work finds is that the radioxenon natural background does exceed detection limits in particular locations and geologies, however, a careful examination of the location and the ideal sampling depths can minimize the impact during an OSI. Radioargon, however, has a much larger natural background at shallow depths which are the realm of OSI sampling. Should radioargon sampling be used in an OSI the sampling time is crucial in distinguishing a nuclear explosion from the natural background. In some scenarios the natural background production of radioargon may be sufficient to interfere with the detection of an underground nuclear weapon test. This information may be beneficial in the development of future OSI noble gas monitoring techniques. / text

Seismic site response analysis allows an engineer to assess the effect of local soil conditions on the ground motions expected during an earthquake. In seismic site response analysis, an input ground motion on rock is propagated through a site specific soil column. The computed response at the surface is dependent on both the input ground motion and the soil properties that characterize the site. However, there is uncertainty in both the input ground motion and the soil properties, as well as natural variability in the soil properties across a site. To account for the uncertainty in the input ground motions, engineers use a suite of motions that are selected and scaled to fit a scenario input motion. This study introduces a semi-automated method to select and scale the input motions to fit a target input motion and its variability. The proposed method is intended to replace tedious trials of combinations by hand with combinations performed by a computer. However, as in the traditional selection methods, the final selection of the combination is done by the engineer.The effect of the selected ground motion combination on the computed surface response spectrum from the site response analysis, and its variability, was investigated in this study. The results show by using a combination with as few as five motions, the median surface response spectrum can be predicted with an error of 10%. Additionally, the manner used to scale the input motions does not impact the accuracy of the median surface response spectrum, as long as the median response spectrum of the input combination agrees with the target input response spectrum. However, if the standard deviation of the surface response spectrum is to be considered (e.g., to develop median plus one standard deviation spectra), a input combination of at least 20 motions is recommended and the combination must be scaled such that the standard deviation of the input combination matches the standard deviation of the input target spectrum. Monte Carlo simulations were used to assess the impact of soil property variability on surface spectra computed by seismic site response. The results from this study indicate that by accounting for the variability of the shear-wave velocity profile of a site can cause a significant decrease in the median surface response spectrum, as well as a slight increase in the standard deviation of the surface response spectrum at periods less than the site period. By considering the variability of the nonlinear properties (shear modulus reduction and damping ratio) the median response spectrum decreased only slightly, but the standard deviation increased in a manner similar to the increase observed when considering the variability of the shear-wave velocity profile. Simultaneously considering the variability of the shear-wave velocity profile and nonlinear properties resulted in a median surface response spectrumsimilar to the median surface response spectrumcomputed with considering the variability of the shear-wave velocity alone. However, the standard deviation of the surface response spectrum was larger than the standard deviation computed by independent consideration of the variability of the shear-wave velocity or nonlinear properties.

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The Harris site (A.D. 500-1000) is an unusual Mimbres site because it has a Late Pithouse period component with no overlying Classic period pueblo. The excavations by the University of Las Vegas-Nevada (UNLV) were conducted at this site between 2007 and 2013. Shell artifacts, and their role in the Mimbres area, have not been extensively studied. I analyzed shell data from the UNLV field school, combined with Haury's excavated shell assemblage from his work at the site in the 1930's to interpret the role of shell at the Harris site. More specifically, I look at the role shell may have played in the ritual life of Mimbres society. Using context, artifact form, and co-occurring assemblage materials illuminates how shell was used in ritual practice. My methodology includes recording specific information about the shell, including, but not limited to: context, condition (i.e., burnt vs. unburnt), description, measurements, artifact form, genus, and species if the shell is identifiable to that degree. Using this methodology allows me to observe patterns and infer whether specific artifact forms and/or genera correlate with certain contexts. Observing these patterns, I seek to observe the ritual practices in which shell was incorporated. I use Bell (1992, 1997) and Bradley’s (2010) framework on ritual, which posits that ritual-like behavior has marked characteristics and occurs in a variety of quotidian and sacred contexts, which suggests a continuum rather than a dichotomy in the use of these spaces. To further understand the use of shell in ritual practices, looking at spatial and diachronic data is imperative. Therefore, five other sites along the Mimbres River have been chosen for comparison. These sites include Pithouse and Classic period components. This comparison allows me to investigate how shell use changed over time in the Mimbres region. The comparative sites include: NAN Ranch (A.D. 600/650-1150), Mattocks Ruin (A.D. 750/800-1130), Galaz Ruin (A.D. 550-1130), Swarts (A.D. 950-1150), and the Old Town site (A.D. 750-1150).

No description available.

No description available.