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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Growth, Optical Properties, and Optimization of Infrared Optoelectronic Materials

January 2016 (has links)
abstract: High-performance III-V semiconductors based on ternary alloys and superlattice systems are fabricated, studied, and compared for infrared optoelectronic applications. InAsBi is a ternary alloy near the GaSb lattice constant that is not as thoroughly investigated as other III-V alloys and that is challenging to produce as Bi has a tendency to surface segregate and form droplets during growth rather than incorporate. A growth window is identified within which high-quality droplet-free bulk InAsBi is produced and Bi mole fractions up to 6.4% are obtained. Photoluminescence with high internal quantum efficiency is observed from InAs/InAsBi quantum wells. The high structural and optical quality of the InAsBi materials examined demonstrates that bulk, quantum well, and superlattice structures utilizing InAsBi are an important design option for efficient infrared coverage. Another important infrared material system is InAsSb and the strain-balanced InAs/InAsSb superlattice on GaSb. Detailed examination of X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and spectroscopic ellipsometry data provides the temperature and composition dependent bandgap of bulk InAsSb. The unintentional incorporation of approximately 1% Sb into the InAs layers of the superlattice is measured and found to significantly impact the analysis of the InAs/InAsSb band alignment. In the analysis of the absorption spectra, the ground state absorption coefficient and transition strength of the superlattice are proportional to the square of the electron-hole wavefunction overlap; wavefunction overlap is therefore a major design parameter in terms of optimizing absorption in these materials. Furthermore in addition to improvements through design optimization, the optical quality of the materials studied is found to be positively enhanced with the use of Bi as a surfactant during molecular beam epitaxy growth. A software tool is developed that calculates and optimizes the miniband structure of semiconductor superlattices, including bismide-based designs. The software has the capability to limit results to designs that can be produced with high structural and optical quality, and optimized designs in terms of maximizing absorption are identified for several infrared superlattice systems at the GaSb lattice constant. The accuracy of the software predictions are tested with the design and growth of an optimized mid-wave infrared InAs/InAsSb superlattice which exhibits superior optical and absorption properties. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2016
2

Structural and Optical Properties of Molecular Beam Epitaxy Grown InAsBi Bulk Layers and Quantum Wells

January 2016 (has links)
abstract: InAsBi is a narrow direct gap III-V semiconductor that has recently attracted considerable attention because its bandgap is tunable over a wide range of mid- and long-wave infrared wavelengths for optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, InAsBi can be integrated with other III-V materials and is potentially an alternative to commercial II-VI photodetector materials such as HgCdTe. Several 1 μm thick, nearly lattice-matched InAsBi layers grown on GaSb are examined using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. Random Rutherford backscattering measurements indicate that the average Bi mole fraction ranges from 0.0503 to 0.0645 for the sample set, and ion channeling measurements indicate that the Bi atoms are substitutional. The X-ray diffraction measurements show a diffraction sideband near the main (004) diffraction peak, indicating that the Bi mole fraction is not laterally uniform in the layer. The average out of plane tetragonal distortion is determined by modeling the main and sideband diffraction peaks, from which the average unstrained lattice constant of each sample is determined. By comparing the Bi mole fraction measured by random Rutherford backscattering with the InAsBi lattice constant for the sample set, the lattice constant of zinc blende InBi is determined to be 6.6107 Å. Several InAsBi quantum wells tensilely strained to the GaSb lattice constant with dilute quantities of Bi are characterized using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Investigation of the integrated intensity as a function of carrier excitation density spanning 5×1025 to 5×1026 cm-3 s-1 indicates radiative dominated recombination and high quantum efficiency over the 12 to 250 K temperature range. The bandgap of InAsBi is ascertained from the photoluminescence spectra and parameterized as a function of temperature using the Einstein single oscillator model. The dilute Bi mole fraction of the InAsBi quantum wells is determined by comparing the measured bandgap energy to that predicted by the valence band anticrossing model. The Bi mole fraction determined by photoluminescence agrees reasonably well with that estimated using secondary ion mass spectrometry. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Materials Science and Engineering 2016
3

Blurring the boundaries between topological and non-topological physical phenomena in dots / Borrando a fronteira entre fenômenos físicos topológicos e não topológicos em poços quânticos

Candido, Denis Ricardo 28 June 2018 (has links)
In this thesis, we investigate the electronic structure and transport properties of topologically trivial and non-trivial cylindrical quantum dots (QDs) defined by further confining InAs1-xBix/AlSb quantum wells (QWs). First we predict that common III-V InAs0.85Bi0.15/AlSb QWs can become 2D topological insulators (TIs) for well thicknesses dc > 6.9 nm with a topologically non-trivial gap of about 30 meV (> kBT), which can enable room temperature TI applications. Furthermore, we investigate the cylindrical QDs defined from these Bi-based wells by additional confinement, both in the topologically trivial (d < dc) and non-trivial (d > dc) regimes. Surprisingly, we find that topologically trivial and non-trivial QDs have similar transport properties in stark contrast with their 2D counterparts (i.e., a strip). More specifically, through detailed calculations, which involve an analytical solution of the quantum-dot eigenvalue problem, we demonstrate that both trivial and non-trivial cylindrical QDs possess edge-like states, i.e., helical spin-angular-momentum-locked quantum states protected against non-magnetic elastic scattering. Interestingly, our trivial QDs exhibit these geometrically robust helical states, similarly to topologically non-trivial QDs, over a wide range of system parameters (e.g., dot radius). We also calculate the circulating currents for the topologically trivial and non-trivial QDs and find no substantial differences. However, we note that ordinary III-V or II-VI cylindrical QDs (i.e., QDs not formed from a BHZ model + confinement) do not feature robust edge-like helical states. We further consider topologically trivial and non-trivial QDs with four edge-like states and calculate their two-terminal conductance G via a standard Green-function approach. For both trivial and non-trivial QDs we find that G shows a double-peak resonance at 2e2/h as a function of the dot radius R and gate voltage Vg controlling the dot energy levels. On the other hand, both trivial and non-trivial QDs can have edge-like and bulk state Kramers pairs coexisting at the same energy within the bulk part of their discrete spectra. In this case, G displays a single-peak resonance at 2e2/h as the four levels (two edge states and two bulk states now) become degenerate at some particular parameter values R = Rc and Vg = Vgc for both topologically trivial and non-trivial QDs. We also extend our investigation to HgTe-based QDs and find similar results. / Nesta tese investigamos a estrutura eletrônica e as propriedades de transporte de pontos quânticos cilíndricos topologicamente triviais e não-triviais, definidos por confinamento de poços quânticos (QWs) InAs1-xBix/AlSb. Primeiramente, nós prevemos que os QWs usuais baseados em InAs1-xBix/AlSb podem se tornar isolantes topológicos 2D para largura de poço dc > 6.9 nm, com um gap topologicamente não-trivial de aproximadamente 30 meV (> kBT), o que pode permitir aplicações em temperatura ambiente. Além disso, investigamos pontos quânticos cilíndricos definidos a partir de confinamento desses poços contendo Bi, em ambos os regimes trivial (d < dc) e não-trivial (d > dc). Surpreendentemente, descobrimos que os pontos quânticos topologicamente triviais e não triviais têm propriedades de transporte semelhantes, um resultado em grande contraste com as suas versões semiinfinitas, como por exemplo uma fita. Mais especificamente, através de cálculos detalhados, que envolvem uma solução analítica do problema de autovalores dos pontos quânticos, demonstramos que pontos quânticos cilíndricos triviais e não-triviais possuem estados de borda semelhantes, isto é, estados quânticos helicoidais protegidos contra espalhamento elástico não magnético. Curiosamente, nossos pontos quânticos triviais exibem estados helicoidais geometricamente robustos, similarmente aos pontos quânticos topologicamente não-triviais, em uma ampla faixa de parâmetros do sistema, como por exemplo, o raio do ponto quântico. Nós também calculamos as correntes circulantes para os pontos quânticos topologicamente triviais e não-triviais e não encontramos diferenças substanciais entre elas. No entanto, notamos que os pontos quânticos cilíndricos feitos de materiais ordinários III-V ou II-VI (isto é, pontos quânticos não descritos pelo Hamiltoniano BHZ com confinamento) não apresentam estados helicoidais robustos. Consideramos ainda pontos quânticos triviais e não-triviais com quatro estados de borda e calculamos sua condutância entre dois terminais G através de uma abordagem padrão das funções de Green. Para os pontos quânticos triviais e não-triviais, encontramos que G mostra uma ressonância de pico duplo em 2e2/h como função do raio do ponto quantico R e da tensão Vg que controla os níveis de energia do ponto quântico. Por outro lado, tanto os pontos quânticos triviais como os não-triviais podem ter pares de Kramers localizados na borda (edge) e em todo seu volume (bulk) coexistindo em uma mesma janela de energia na região dos estados de valência. Nesse caso, G exibe uma ressonância de pico único em 2e2/h, já que os quatro níveis (dois estados de borda e dois estados de volume bulk) se tornam degenerados para alguns valores de parâmetros particulares R = Rc and Vg = Vgc, em pontos quânticos topologicamente triviais e não triviais. Nós também estendemos nossa investigação para os pontos quanticos de HgTe onde encontramos resultados similares.
4

Blurring the boundaries between topological and non-topological physical phenomena in dots / Borrando a fronteira entre fenômenos físicos topológicos e não topológicos em poços quânticos

Denis Ricardo Candido 28 June 2018 (has links)
In this thesis, we investigate the electronic structure and transport properties of topologically trivial and non-trivial cylindrical quantum dots (QDs) defined by further confining InAs1-xBix/AlSb quantum wells (QWs). First we predict that common III-V InAs0.85Bi0.15/AlSb QWs can become 2D topological insulators (TIs) for well thicknesses dc > 6.9 nm with a topologically non-trivial gap of about 30 meV (> kBT), which can enable room temperature TI applications. Furthermore, we investigate the cylindrical QDs defined from these Bi-based wells by additional confinement, both in the topologically trivial (d < dc) and non-trivial (d > dc) regimes. Surprisingly, we find that topologically trivial and non-trivial QDs have similar transport properties in stark contrast with their 2D counterparts (i.e., a strip). More specifically, through detailed calculations, which involve an analytical solution of the quantum-dot eigenvalue problem, we demonstrate that both trivial and non-trivial cylindrical QDs possess edge-like states, i.e., helical spin-angular-momentum-locked quantum states protected against non-magnetic elastic scattering. Interestingly, our trivial QDs exhibit these geometrically robust helical states, similarly to topologically non-trivial QDs, over a wide range of system parameters (e.g., dot radius). We also calculate the circulating currents for the topologically trivial and non-trivial QDs and find no substantial differences. However, we note that ordinary III-V or II-VI cylindrical QDs (i.e., QDs not formed from a BHZ model + confinement) do not feature robust edge-like helical states. We further consider topologically trivial and non-trivial QDs with four edge-like states and calculate their two-terminal conductance G via a standard Green-function approach. For both trivial and non-trivial QDs we find that G shows a double-peak resonance at 2e2/h as a function of the dot radius R and gate voltage Vg controlling the dot energy levels. On the other hand, both trivial and non-trivial QDs can have edge-like and bulk state Kramers pairs coexisting at the same energy within the bulk part of their discrete spectra. In this case, G displays a single-peak resonance at 2e2/h as the four levels (two edge states and two bulk states now) become degenerate at some particular parameter values R = Rc and Vg = Vgc for both topologically trivial and non-trivial QDs. We also extend our investigation to HgTe-based QDs and find similar results. / Nesta tese investigamos a estrutura eletrônica e as propriedades de transporte de pontos quânticos cilíndricos topologicamente triviais e não-triviais, definidos por confinamento de poços quânticos (QWs) InAs1-xBix/AlSb. Primeiramente, nós prevemos que os QWs usuais baseados em InAs1-xBix/AlSb podem se tornar isolantes topológicos 2D para largura de poço dc > 6.9 nm, com um gap topologicamente não-trivial de aproximadamente 30 meV (> kBT), o que pode permitir aplicações em temperatura ambiente. Além disso, investigamos pontos quânticos cilíndricos definidos a partir de confinamento desses poços contendo Bi, em ambos os regimes trivial (d < dc) e não-trivial (d > dc). Surpreendentemente, descobrimos que os pontos quânticos topologicamente triviais e não triviais têm propriedades de transporte semelhantes, um resultado em grande contraste com as suas versões semiinfinitas, como por exemplo uma fita. Mais especificamente, através de cálculos detalhados, que envolvem uma solução analítica do problema de autovalores dos pontos quânticos, demonstramos que pontos quânticos cilíndricos triviais e não-triviais possuem estados de borda semelhantes, isto é, estados quânticos helicoidais protegidos contra espalhamento elástico não magnético. Curiosamente, nossos pontos quânticos triviais exibem estados helicoidais geometricamente robustos, similarmente aos pontos quânticos topologicamente não-triviais, em uma ampla faixa de parâmetros do sistema, como por exemplo, o raio do ponto quântico. Nós também calculamos as correntes circulantes para os pontos quânticos topologicamente triviais e não-triviais e não encontramos diferenças substanciais entre elas. No entanto, notamos que os pontos quânticos cilíndricos feitos de materiais ordinários III-V ou II-VI (isto é, pontos quânticos não descritos pelo Hamiltoniano BHZ com confinamento) não apresentam estados helicoidais robustos. Consideramos ainda pontos quânticos triviais e não-triviais com quatro estados de borda e calculamos sua condutância entre dois terminais G através de uma abordagem padrão das funções de Green. Para os pontos quânticos triviais e não-triviais, encontramos que G mostra uma ressonância de pico duplo em 2e2/h como função do raio do ponto quantico R e da tensão Vg que controla os níveis de energia do ponto quântico. Por outro lado, tanto os pontos quânticos triviais como os não-triviais podem ter pares de Kramers localizados na borda (edge) e em todo seu volume (bulk) coexistindo em uma mesma janela de energia na região dos estados de valência. Nesse caso, G exibe uma ressonância de pico único em 2e2/h, já que os quatro níveis (dois estados de borda e dois estados de volume bulk) se tornam degenerados para alguns valores de parâmetros particulares R = Rc and Vg = Vgc, em pontos quânticos topologicamente triviais e não triviais. Nós também estendemos nossa investigação para os pontos quanticos de HgTe onde encontramos resultados similares.

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