The purpose of this paper is to consider the impulse formulations of the Euler equations for incompressible and compressible fluids. Different gauges are considered. In particular, the Kuz'min gauge provides an interesting case as it allows the fluid impulse velocity to describe the evolution of material surface elements. This result affords interesting physical interpretations of the Kuz'min invariant. Some exact solutions in the impulse formulation are studied. Finally, generalizations to compressible fluids are considered as an extension of these results. The arrangement of the paper is as follows: in the first chapter we will give a brief explanation on the importance of the study of fluid impulse. In chapters two and three we will derive the Kuz'min, E & Liu, Maddocks & Pego and the Zero gauges for the evolution equation of the impulse density, as well as their properties. The first three of these gauges have been named after their authors. Chapter four will study two exact solutions in the impulse formulation. Physical interpretations are examined in chapter five. In chapter six, we will begin with the generalization to the compressible case for the Kuz'min gauge, based on Shivamoggi et al. (2007), and we will derive similar results for the remaining gauges. In Chapter seven we will examine physical interpretations for the compressible case.

This thesis presents a preconditioned solenoidal basis method to solve the algebraic system arising from the linearization and discretization of primitive variable formulations of Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid flows. The system is restricted to a discrete divergence-free space which is constructed from the incompressibility constraint. This research work extends an earlier work on the solenoidal basis method for two-dimensional flows and three-dimensional flows that involved the construction of the solenoidal basis P using circulating flows or vortices on a uniform mesh. A localized algebraic scheme for constructing P is detailed using mixed finite elements on an unstructured mesh. A preconditioner which is motivated by the analysis of the reduced system is also presented. Benchmark simulations are conducted to analyze the performance of the proposed approach.

We consider the application of least-squares variational principles and the finite element method to the numerical solution of boundary value problems arising in the fields of solidand fluidmechanics.For manyof these problems least-squares principles offer many theoretical and computational advantages in the implementation of the corresponding finite element model that are not present in the traditional weak form Galerkin finite element model.Most notably, the use of least-squares principles leads to a variational unconstrained minimization problem where stability conditions such as inf-sup conditions (typically arising in mixed methods using weak form Galerkin finite element formulations) never arise. In addition, the least-squares based finite elementmodelalways yields a discrete system ofequations witha symmetric positive definite coeffcientmatrix.These attributes, amongst manyothers highlightedand detailed in this work, allow the developmentofrobust andeffcient finite elementmodels for problems of practical importance. The research documented herein encompasses least-squares based formulations for incompressible and compressible viscous fluid flow, the bending of thin and thick plates, and for the analysis of shear-deformable shell structures.

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We consider the application of least-squares variational principles and the finite element method to the numerical solution of boundary value problems arising in the fields of solidand fluidmechanics.For manyof these problems least-squares principles offer many theoretical and computational advantages in the implementation of the corresponding finite element model that are not present in the traditional weak form Galerkin finite element model.Most notably, the use of least-squares principles leads to a variational unconstrained minimization problem where stability conditions such as inf-sup conditions (typically arising in mixed methods using weak form Galerkin finite element formulations) never arise. In addition, the least-squares based finite elementmodelalways yields a discrete system ofequations witha symmetric positive definite coeffcientmatrix.These attributes, amongst manyothers highlightedand detailed in this work, allow the developmentofrobust andeffcient finite elementmodels for problems of practical importance. The research documented herein encompasses least-squares based formulations for incompressible and compressible viscous fluid flow, the bending of thin and thick plates, and for the analysis of shear-deformable shell structures.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertationDRGolbert_versao_final.pdf: 9706339 bytes, checksum: 45a86747e8469ad89e82dc19d8322037 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-25 / Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / The goal of this work is to study de modeling of incompressible fluid flows through the Lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM). In this class of methods the equations based on mesoscopic kinetics allow us to model the macro-continuum behavior of the fluid dynamics. Therefore, a theoretical study of the LBM is performed including the analyses of different equilibrium distributions, lattice models, its relationships with the Boltzmann equation as well as its asymptotic approximation to the Navier-Stokes equations. On the other hand, aspects related to the imposition of boundary conditions are also studied, identifying adequate procedures to the problems here presented. Posteriorly, a detailed study of numerical nature about the performance of the LBM in the computational simulation of fluid flows is developed, involving stationary and transient problems, for cases in 2D and 3D. Once we have insight on the main characteristics of the model, techniques for the tuning of LBM's parameters are introduced with the purpose of attaining consistent and reliable results, according to the physical conditions of the problems under consideration. These techniques are employed with emphasis in 3D time dependent problems, whose characteristics are similar to those found in the blood flow modeling in arteries. / O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a modelagem do escoamento de fluidos incompressíveis mediante o método de Lattice-Boltzmann (LBM). Nesta classe de métodos as equações baseadas na cinética mesoscópica nos permitem modelar o comportamento macro-contínuo da dinâmica de fluidos. Desta forma, realiza-se um estudo teórico do LBM incluindo a análise de diferentes distribuições de equilíbrio, modelos de lattice, suas relações com a equação de Boltzmann assim como sua aproximação assintótica às equações de Navier-Stokes. Por outro lado, estudam-se os aspectos relacionados à imposição de condições de contorno identificando procedimentos adequados para os problemas aqui tratados. Posteriormente, realiza-se um estudo detalhado de caráter numérico sobre o desempenho do LBM na simulação computacional de escoamentos de fluidos, envolvendo problemas estacionários e transientes, para casos em 2D e 3D. A partir do conhecimento das características do modelo, desenvolvem-se técnicas para efetuar a calibração dos parâmetros do LBM visando à obtenção de resultados coerentes e confiáveis de acordo às condições físicas do problema. Estas técnicas são empregadas com ênfase em problemas 3D dependentes do tempo, e cujas características são similares às encontradas na modelagem do escoamento sanguíneo em artérias.

The Lagrangian dynamics of two-dimensional incompressible fluid flows is considered, with emphasis on transport processes in atmospheric and oceanic flows. The dynamical-systems-based approach is adopted; the Lagrangian motion in such systems is studied with the aid of Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theory, and results relating to stable and unstable manifolds and lobe dynamics. Some nontrivial extensions of well-known results are discussed, and some extensions of the theory are developed. In problems for which the flow field consists of a steady background on which a time-dependent perturbation is superimposed, it is shown that transport barriers arise naturally and play a critical role in transport processes. Theoretical results are applied to the study of transport in measured and simulated oceanographic and atmospheric flows. Two particular problems are considered. First, we study the Lagrangian dynamics of the zonal jet at the perimeter of the Antarctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex during late winter/early spring within which lies the "ozone hole". In this system, a robust transport barrier is found near the core of a zonal jet under typical conditions, which is responsible for trapping of the ozone-depleted air within the ozone hole. The existence of such a barrier is predicted theoretically and tested numerically with use of a dynamically-motivated analytically-prescribed model. The second, oceanographic, application considered is the study of the surface transport in the Adriatic Sea. The surface flow in the Adriatic is characterized by a robust threegyre background circulation pattern. Motivated by this observation, the Lagrangian dynamics of a perturbed three-gyre system is studied, with emphasis on intergyre transport and the role of transport barriers. It is shown that a qualitative change in transport properties, accompanied by a qualitative change in the structure of stable and unstable manifolds occurs in the perturbed three-gyre system when the perturbation strength exceeds a certain threshold. This behavior is predicted theoretically, simulated numerically with use of an analytically prescribed model, and shown to be consistent with a fully observationally-based model.

The present thesis is devoted both to the study of strictly hyperbolic operators with low regularity coefficients and of the density-dependent incompressible Euler system. On the one hand, we show a priori estimates for a second order strictly hyperbolic operator whose highest order coefficients satisfy a log-Zygmund continuity condition in time and a log-Lipschitz continuity condition with respect to space. Such an estimate involves a time increasing loss of derivatives. Nevertheless, this is enough to recover well-posedness for the associated Cauchy problem in the space $H^infty$ (for suitably smooth second order coefficients).In a first time, we consider acomplete operator in space dimension $1$, whose first order coefficients were assumed Hölder continuous and that of order $0$only bounded. Then, we deal with the general case of any space dimension, focusing on a homogeneous second order operator: the step to higher dimension requires a really different approach. On the other hand, we consider the density-dependent incompressible Euler system. We show its well-posedness in endpoint Besov spaces embedded in the class of globally Lipschitz functions, producing also lower bounds for the lifespan of the solution in terms of initial data only. This having been done, we prove persistence of geometric structures, such as striated and conormal regularity, for solutions to this system. In contrast with the classical case of constant density, even in dimension $2$ the vorticity is not transported by the velocity field. Hence, a priori one can expect to get only local in time results. For the same reason, we also have to dismiss the vortex patch structure. Littlewood-Paley theory and paradifferential calculus allow us to handle these two different problems .A new version of paradifferential calculus, depending on a parameter $ggeq1$, is also needed in dealing with hyperbolic operators with nonregular coefficients. The general framework is that of Besov spaces, which includes in particular Sobolev and Hölder sets. Intermediate classes of functions, of logaritmic type, come into play as well

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a modelagem do escoamento de fluidos incompressíveis mediante o método de Lattice-Boltzmann (LBM). Nesta classe de métodos as equações baseadas na cinética mesoscópica nos permitem modelar o comportamento macro-contínuo da dinâmica de fluidos. Desta forma, realiza-se um estudo teórico do LBM incluindo a análise de diferentes distribuições de equilíbrio, modelos de lattice, suas relações com a equação de Boltzmann assim como sua aproximação assintótica às equações de Navier-Stokes. Por outro lado, estudam-se os aspectos relacionados à imposição de condições de contorno identificando procedimentos adequados para os problemas aqui tratados. Posteriormente, realiza-se um estudo detalhado de caráter numérico sobre o desempenho do LBM na simulação computacional de escoamentos de fluidos, envolvendo problemas estacionários e transientes, para casos em 2D e 3D. A partir do conhecimento das características do modelo, desenvolvem-se técnicas para efetuar a calibração dos parâmetros do LBM visando à obtenção de resultados coerentes e confiáveis de acordo às condições físicas do problema. Estas técnicas são empregadas com ênfase em problemas 3D dependentes do tempo, e cujas características são similares às encontradas na modelagem do escoamento sanguíneo em artérias.

Cette thèse présente une famille de schémas explicites pour la résolution d'un problème couplé d'interaction entre un fluide visqueux incompressible et une structure élastique (avec possiblement un comportement visco-élastique et/ou non linéaire). La principale propriété de ces schémas est une condition de Robin consistante à l'interface, qui représente une caractéristique fondamentale du problème continu dans le cas où la structure est mince. Si le couplage s'effectue avec une structure épaisse, une condition de Robin généralisée peut être formulée pour le problème semi-discret en espace, à l'aide d'une condensation de la matrice de masse de la structure. Une deuxième caractéristique majeure de ces schémas est la capacité d'obtenir une condition de Robin qui intègre à la fois des extrapolations de la vitesse et des efforts du solide (donnant lieu à un schéma de couplage explicite), mais également un traitement implicite de l'inertie de la structure, qui rend le schéma stable quelle que soit l'intensité de l'effet de masse ajoutée. Un résultat général de stabilité et de convergence est présenté pour tous les ordres d'extrapolations dans un cadre linéaire représentatif. On montre, en particulier, que les propriétés de stabilité se conservent lorsque le couplage s'effectue avec une structure mince ou épaisse. En revanche, la précision optimale obtenue dans le cas d'une structure mince n'est pas retrouvée avec une structure épaisse. L'erreur introduite par le schéma de couplage comporte en effet une non-uniformité en espace, qui provient de la non-uniformité des reconstructions discrètes des opérateurs viscoélastiques. L'approximation induite par la condensation de la matrice de masse solide n'est pas responsable de cette non-uniformité. À partir de ce schéma,on propose également des méthodes itératives pour la résolution du schéma fortement couplé.La convergence de cette méthode est démontrée dans un cadre linéaire et ne montre pas de sensibilité à l'effet de masse ajoutée. Finalement, les résultats théoriques obtenus sont illustrés par des exemples numériques variés, dans les cas linéaire et non linéaire. / This thesis introduces a class of explicit coupling schemes for the numerical solution of fluid-structure interaction problems involving a viscous incompressible fluid and a general elastic structure (thin-walled or thick-walled, viscoelastic and non-linear).The first fundamental ingredient of these methods is the notion of interface Robin consist encyon the interface. This is an intrinsic (parameter free) feature of the continuous problem, in the case of the coupling with thin-walled solids. For thick-walled structures, we show that an intrinsic interface Robin consistency can also be recovered at the space semi-discrete level, using a lumped-mass approximation in the structure.The second key ingredient of the methods proposed consists in deriving an explicit Robin interface condition for the fluid, which combines extrapolations of the solid velocity and stresses with an implicit treatment of the solid inertia. The former enables explicit coupling,while the latter guarantees added-mass free stability. Stability and error estimates are provided for all the variants (depending on the extrapolations), using energy arguments within a representative linear setting. We show, in particular, that the stability properties do not depend on the thin- or thick-walled nature of the structure. The optimal first-order accuracy obtained in the case of the coupling with thin-walled structuresis, however, not preserved when the structure is thick-walled, due to the spatial non uniformityof the splitting error. The genesis of this problem is the non-uniformity of the discrete viscoelastic operators, related to the thick-walled character of the structure,and not to the mass-lumping approximation. Based on these splitting schemes, new, parameter-free, Robin-Neumann iterative procedures for the partitioned solution of strong coupling are also proposed and analyzed. A comprehensive numerical study, involving linear and non linear models, confims the theoretical findings reported in this thesis.