An increment borer is the primary tool used to collect samples for dendrochronological analyses. These are precision instruments and users should be trained in their proper use, care, and maintenance. In this paper, I describe the various parts of an increment borer and how to keep these in working condition. I provide details on how to sharpen an increment borer, properly core a tree, check for core compression ("jamming"), extract the core, and store the core for transport. I provide tips on how to clear a jammed borer and remove a borer stuck in a tree. An important topic concerns the effects of boring on trees. The majority of studies indicate that conifers are minimally affected by both fungal decay and discoloration, whereas certain hardwood species can sustain major internal damage. Plugging the holes created by coring is unnecessary.