Magíster en Gestión para la Globalización / El objetivo de la presente memoria, es evaluar como plan de negocio el desarrollo de un tour operador receptivo enfocado en el mercado indio. El concepto de turismo enfocado en el mercado indio, está escasamente desarrollado en Chile, existiendo actualmente sólo tres tour operadores especializados y cuyo foco está en el turismo masivo. Para poder llevar a cabo la estrategia nacional de turismo 2012-2020, es necesario concentrar los esfuerzos de la industria en economías emergentes como India, la cual al año 2030 será la segunda mayor consumidora en turismo en el mundo. Se espera que el gasto en turismo de este sector crezca desde USD 22 billones el 2015 a USD 70 billones al año 2030, debido a un crecimiento importante de la clase media, la cual aumentará desde 21 millones de turistas el año 2015 a 92 millones de turistas al año 2030. Dado lo anterior, existe un potencial de desarrollo de este segmento casi nulamente explotado en nuestro país, el cual crea la necesidad de emprender en este nicho de negocio. Se realizó un análisis a nivel agregado para poder entender el perfil del turista indio, características, costumbres, propósito y motivo de viaje, así como la brechas culturales que existen entre India y Chile y que son importantes de entender antes de traer este tipo de turistas. Los segmentos a los que apuntará el tour operador, comprenderán el turista indio buscador de experiencias únicas y viajeros de lujo (los cuales representan un 38% del mercado total). Ambos segmentos se enmarcan dentro del turismo a la medida o bespoke experience, poco desarrollados en la industria. A pesar de que ambos segmentos comparten aspectos similares en términos de canal de distribución, promoción internacional, entre otros; existen características particulares del producto, que difieren entre ellos en términos de exigencias en alojamiento, alimentación, tipo de servicio y comodidad. Se espera implementar este emprendimiento a través de actividades como acuerdos de negociación con proveedores, agentes de promoción turística de Chile e India, capacitación de personal en contacto con el cliente, alianzas y acuerdos comerciales internacionales. Se obtuvo un VAN positivo de $384 millones, TIR de 16,1% mayor que la tasa de descuento (15,8%), recuperándose la inversión al séptimo año de operación. Se estima que el valor de la empresa alcance los $1.712 millones, con una variabilidad entre -67% y +33% del valor base calculado, a partir de un análisis de sensibilidad que considera nuevas rutas aéreas, flexibilización en visado, crisis, etc. Finalmente, es importante considerar factores críticos como personal capacitado, conectividad, promoción, entre otros.

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Written in the form of an historical fiction, this thesis explores the multiple influences that were active in the lives of temple dancers in Southern India from 1861 to 1947. It addresses the question of whether or not the devadasis were prostitutes, placing this debate in the context of conflicting colonial, Hindu and reform movement pressures, influences directing the decline and disappearance of the temple dancing tradition. In gathering information about this period, I have drawn from three main sources: colonial literature of the time, modern feminist research, and dance scholarship on the nature and history of the technical aspects of temple dancing. My aim has been to reconstruct, as accurately as possible, a close approximation of a devadasi's life, and to compare how it differs from those lived by previous generations of temple dancers. / Arts, Faculty of / Gender, Race, Sexuality and Social Justice, Institute for / Graduate

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Microfinance programs, by providing financial services to economically disadvantaged individuals, generally women, are intended to help poor self-employ and become financially independent. Earlier research in India has documented both positive and negative consequences of microfinance programs on women, from financial independence to domestic abuse. However, most of the research has been geographically limited to the southern states of the country, with a matured microfinance industry, and has given little attention to how variations in cultural practices across different regions of the country may influence the impact of microfinance programs on its members. To fill the gap in the existing literature, three related studies of Indian women were conducted. The first study was a qualitative study of 35 women engaged in microfinance programs in the northern region of India. The study found that women engaged in microfinance programs reported having increased social networks, higher confidence and increased social awareness. The second and third studies used nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) 2005-2006. Controlling for a variety of other individual-level and community-level characteristics, the second study examined if getting a microloan affected women’s access to public spaces, and the third examined if getting such a loan influenced married women’s participation in household decision-making. Both studies further investigated if the microloan effect on these dimensions of women’s empowerment varied by the normative context of woman’s respective communities. The results indicated that, all else equal, women who had ever taken a microloan were more likely to go alone to places outside their home such as market, health clinics and places outside the community compared to women who had never taken such a loan. Getting a microloan also had a positive effect on women’s participation in decisions about large household purchases and husband’s earnings. The hypothesized moderating effect of the normative context of women’s respective communities was found only for women’s participation in decisions about large household purchases. Getting a microloan had a stronger positive effect on women’s participation in these decisions if they lived in communities with restrictive gender norms.

Multi-religious and multi-ethnic democracies face the challenge of constructing accommodative arrangements that can both facilitate cultural diversity and ensure women's rights within religio-cultural groups. This thesis is an investigation of the Indian state's policy of legal pluralism in recognition of religious family laws in India. The Indian state has adopted a model of what I have termed "shared adjudication" in which the state shares its adjudicative authority with internally heterogeneous religious groups and civil society in the regulation of marriage among Hindus and Muslims. / Combining theoretical frameworks of state-society relations, feminist theory, and legal pluralism, and drawing from ethnographic research conducted in state courts, caste and sect councils, and "doorstep law courts," I pay analytical attention to state-society interactions at the interface of religious family laws. State and non-state sources of legal authority construct internally contested and heterogeneous notions of the conjugal family, gender relations, and religious membership, and they transmit them across legal spheres. These dynamic processes of communication reconstitute the interiors of religious, state, and civic legal orders, and they fracture the homogenised religious identities grounded in hierarchical gender relations within the conjugal family. / Within the interstices of state and society---which are used imaginatively by state and societal actors---the Indian model points towards an open-ended and process-oriented conception of state-society relations that encompasses not only the binary of conflict and cooperation, but also communication between state and society. The "shared adjudication" model facilitates diversity as it allows the construction of hybrid religious identities, creates fissures in ossified group boundaries, and provides institutional spaces for ongoing inter-societal dialogue between religious groups, civil society, and the state. This pluralized legal sphere, governed by ideologically diverse legal actors, can thus increase women's rights in law, and despite its limitations, the transformative potential of women's collective agency effects institutional change.

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