Thesis (M.A. in Nav. Intel.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1975. / Bibliography: l. 148-153.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Currently, 48% and 71% of the infrastructure for Mombasa and Lamu respectively falls within the Low Elevation Coastal Zones (LECZ) of less than 10m thus highlighting their extreme vulnerability under the pessimistic sea-level-rise (SLR). Based on the primary objective of assessing the impacts of climate-change-induced SLR for the two island cities, this study finds that by the end of this century, close to 50% of Mombasa Island and almost 71% of Lamu Island fall under threat of inundation from SLR enhanced storm surges of a one storm surge in 100 years. The study objectives were to assess initial SLR vulnerability levels for the Kenyan coast, analyse status quo vulnerability perceptions and awareness, co-produce mitigation and adaptation policy options and produce an integrated vulnerability assessment atlas and manual for SLR along coastal cities, with participatory processes as a key component. SLR scenario modelling using GIS techniques (and guided by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC) under two SLR scenarios of Regional Concentration Pathways (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5), was applied to estimate the spatial extent, population, and infrastructure under threat. Participatory Action Planning (PAR) based on a mini-charrette was used to analyse status quo perception and awareness of SLR and related impacts followed by co-creation of adaptation and mitigation strategies. Under RCP 2.6 (optimistic-scenario) the simulation findings indicate that exposure level to the 1:100 storm surge for Mombasa County at 4m elevation falls between 433,300 and 2.5 million people and over US$9.1 billion in assets exposed by 2090. Under RCP 8.5 (pessimistic-scenario) for Lamu, the exposure level of between 37,200 and 480,400 people and over US$ 648 million in infrastructure/assets is exposed by 2090. Under increased urbanization, vulnerability for both Mombasa and Lamu increases to over 2.6 million inhabitants and US$ 14.5 Billion and US$ 1.2 Billion respectively by 2090 under RCP 8.5. The participatory process showed improvement in the awareness of SLR impacts by participants in both islands and thus constituted the basis of co-production of adaptation and mitigation strategies as well as finalisation of the vulnerability atlases of the island cities. Keywords: Sea-level-rise, vulnerability assessment, climate change, Kenyan coast and coastal planning. / GR2018

Thesis--Faculté des lettres de Paris. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Faculté des lettres de Paris. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 1965. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 532-555).

The aim of this review is to gave a detailed overview of the status of aquaculture in the Western Indian Ocean Region. Emphasis is based on the legislation, cultured species and candidate species for aquaculture. The review also describes the most recommended species for aquaculture in the region in terms of biology, environmental constraints and factors that inhibit a successful growth. This review covers the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) countries: South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya. Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles. Different sources of information are used such as annual reports of each country from Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). governmental reports, counties profiles available m the internet. Extensive and semi-intensive aquaculture systems are the most practiced in the WIO countries. Little information is available regarding the environmental impacts associated with aquaculture. The region presents a good potential for developing mariculture. although manculture activities are not yet developed and cannot satisfy the local and international demand for aquatic products. South Africa presents a noticeable development in rearing abalone Haliori: midae while Madagascar and Mozambique the marine shnmp Penaeus monodon. P monodon is the main species reared in the WIO region. Marine species are the most recommended for the region, as opposed to freshwater species, due to the vast coastline. Generally, improvements in the current legislation relating to aquaculture are needed in most of the WIO countries. Mozambique and Madagascar present significant progress in the development of legal framework relating to aquaculture; however, similar efforts have been seen in all countries evaluated. The results of the SWOT (Strengths, Weakness. Opportunities, and Threats) analyses show that the major strength presented by the region is the availability of suitable areas for the aquaculture development. The main strengths regarding aquaculture are the availability of good water quality and Government commitment in developing the sector. The WIO region presents good opportunity to improve the coordination between institutions, avoiding duplications m the process of application for permits. The weaknesses are related mostly to the lack of aquaculture development plans and. although many countries have come as far as drafting such plans, the implementation thereof is still low. The review provides an overview of the current status of aquaculture in the WIO region as well as provides re commendations for best aquaculture pracnces and species that are economically and ecologically suitable. Recommendations are made based on the SWOT analyses for the individual WTO countries from well established aquaculture practicing countries. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.

The present work is mainly concerned with the commercial relations between the Arab world and India in the 3rd and 4th / 9th and 10th centuries. The thesis consists of an Introduction and five chapters. The introduction contains a brief survey of the historical background to the Arab-Indian trade links In the period prior to the period of the research. lt also includes the reasons for choosing the subject, and the difficulties with which the research was faced. The introduction also contains the methods of the research and a study of the main sources. Chapter One deals with the Arab provinces, the main kingdoms of India, the political situation in the Arab world and India, and its effects on the subject. It also deals with the main economic products in the countries concerned. Moreover, the chapter focuses on the factors which encouraged the Arab-Indian trade. Chapter Two deals with the trade routes (Land and Sea routes), the caravans, ships, the sea ports and the commercial cities in the Arab world and India. Chapter Three deals with the trade procedures between the Arab world and India. It also deals with the taxes levied in ports and some land posts. The chapter ends by giving some details of the prices of of goods in both countries. Chapter Four gives a detailed account of goods exported and imported by both sides, and the real causes behind the export and import of these goods. The chapter also gives an account of how sometimes goods are imported by one side from the other in order to meet the local demands or to be exported in a process of trading nn a world wide scale. Chapter Five deals with a conclusion of what has been discussed earlier, in addition to some cultural aspects which have not been dealt with in the chapters above.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 1965. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 532-555).

No description available.

Mini-study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The processes of regionalism and regionalisation, of which a relatively high level is evident in the Indian Ocean Rim (lOR), that characterise today's global economy offer opportunities for economic growth and development to the mainly developing countries in the Indian Ocean Rim. The lOR has achieved the status of regional society which contributes towards the region actively articulating the interests of the member nations. The lesser-developed countries may well use this developing regionalisation in the lOR to combat its risk of marginalisation in the global order. Great diversity and disparity exist amongst lOR countries on levels of economic development, growth and openness, resulting in few countries achieving the major portion of the region's economic activities. This may complicate the development needs of the nation-states resulting in a low level of development uniformity. Such diversity poses a risk of polarised and unequal investment and development amongst member nations, and ultimately marginalisation in the global order. This does not support economic integration, but calls for economic co-operation to assist with economic development of the lOR. The lOR, as part of the global trading process, comprises a significant portion of the world's trade arising from the region and it presents a large market in the global economy. The lOR is further predominantly developing under the framework and rules of the WTO. Comparing the lOR-ARC with other regional organisations involving main global trading nations, it is evident that in trade volume and economic impact it is not comparable. However, the strategic importance of its energy resources and its locality in particular raises the prominence of the region in the global order. A low level of regional trade exists in the region resulting in the lOR countries being poor candidates for regional integration. However, it is significant to note that intra-regional trade in the lOR has over recent years grown significantly higher than its trade with the world. SA, as hegemon in Southern Africa, may gain development opportunities from its prominence in the lOR. The emerging African Union and NEPAD, however, are expected to receive higher priority amongst political decision makers than the lOR. The country's existing trade focus is with the developed North and it appears that the broader focus in the immediate future will be with mainly non-lOR countries. Variable geometry amongst the nations is common and developments amongst the region's numerous sub-regional groupings are leaning heavily towards economic integration into the future. A high level of institutionalisation has developed out of the role and activities of the lOR-ARC in the region. The IOR-ARC's principle of open regionalism promotes integration. The lOR-ARC, originally aimed at multi-sector cooperation as part of its focus on economic co-operation, is therefore expected to move towards economic integration into the future. When considering a broader perspective, it is evident that the lOR's readiness to embrace economic integration at this point is relatively low. Overall the focus within the lOR although currently focussing on economic cooperation, is expected to move towards economic integration, or neo-functional integration, into the medium to long term. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die prosesse van regionalisme en regionalisasie wat die hedendaagse globale ekonomie kenmerk en hulself manifesteer op relatiewe hoë vlak binne die Indiese Oseaan Randgebied (lOR), bied geleenthede vir ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling aan die hoofsaaklik ontwikkelende lande in the lOR. Die lOR het die entiteit status van streeks-gemeenskap bereik wat dit in staat stelom by te dra om die lidlande se belange te artikuleer. Die minder-ontwikkelde lande mag egter hierdie ontwikkelende regionalisasie uitsluitlik gebruik om hul risiko tot marginalisasie in die globale orde te beperk. Hoë vlakke van diversiteit en dispariteit bestaan tussen die lOR lande in areas van ekonomiese ontwikkeling, groei en toeganklikheid, wat aanleiding gee dat 'n paar lande die oorgrote meerderheid ekonomiese aktiwiteite en bydrae lewer. Hierdie tendens mag egter lidlande se ontwikkelingsbehoeftes kompliseer wat lei tot 'n lae vlak van ontwikkeling-eenvormigheid in die streek. Hierdie diversiteit skep 'n risiko van gepolariseerde en ongelyke investering en ontwikkeling by die lidlande, en gevolglik 'n risiko van globale marginalisasie. Hierdie aspekte ondersteun nie ekonomies integrasie nie, maar eerder ekonomiese samewerking om by te dra tot die ekonomiese ontwikkeling van die lOR. Die lOR, as deel van die globale handelsproses, maak 'n noemenswaardige gedeelte uit van wêreldhandel, met oorsprong in die streek, en die streek bied 'n groot mark binne die globale ekonomie. Die ontwikkeling van die lOR in hierdie aspek vind hoofsaaklik plaas binne die raamwerk en reëls van die Wêreld Handelsorganisasie. 'n Vergelyking tussen die Indiese Oseaan Randgebied Assosiasie vir Ekonomiese Samewerking (lOR-ARC) en ander streeksorganisasies, wat die hoof globale handeldrywende nasies insluit, toon duidelik dat die lOR-ARC in handelsvolume en ekonomiese impak nie vergelykbaar is nie. Die strategiese belangrikheid van die energiebronne en die streeksligging in besonder, verhoog egter die belangrikheid van die streek in die wêreld orde. Die huidige lae streekshandel in die lOR dra daartoe by dat die lOR lande nie sterk kandidate vir streeksintegrasie is nie, alhoewel merkwaardige groei die afgelope jare op intra-streekshandel in die lOR voorgekom het. Sulke groei was aansienlik hoër as groei in lOR handel met die wêreld. SA, as hegemonie in Suider-Afrika, mag baat by ontwikkelingsgeleenthede wat mag uitvloei uit die land se prominensie in die lOR. Die Afrika Unie en NEPAD sal na verwagting egter hoër prioriteit by politieke besluitnemers geniet as die lOR. SA se gevestigde handelsfokus is gemik op die ontwikkelde "Noorde", en dit blyk asof die onmiddelike breër handelsfokus hoofsaaklik op nie-lOR lande gaan mik. Wisselende geometrie is algemeen by lOR lande en verdere verwikkelinge tussen die streek se veelvuldige sub-streeksorganisasies neig sterk na toekomstige ekonomiese integrasie. 'n Hoë vlak van institusionalisering het ontwikkel uit die rol en aktiwiteite van die lOR-ARC in streeksverband. Die lOR-ARC se beginsel van ope regionalisme bevorder integrasie verder. Die verwagting is dat die lOR-ARC, met sy oorsprong in multi-sektor ekonomiese samewerking, in die toekoms gaan beweeg na ekonomiese integrasie. Vanuit In breër perspektief gesien is dit duidelik dat die gereedheid van die lOR om ekonomiese integrasie aan te gryp tans relatief laag is. In die geheel gesien word die lOR, met die huidige fokus op ekonomiese samewerking, verwag om te beweeg na ekonomiese integrasie of neo-funksionele integrasie in die medium tot langtermyn.