Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-03T13:31:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cynthia Franceska Cardoso.pdf: 8213560 bytes, checksum: d00568b28af28dd8825bb7a538eebafe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T13:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cynthia Franceska Cardoso.pdf: 8213560 bytes, checksum: d00568b28af28dd8825bb7a538eebafe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this work was to map the path taken by indigenous people to access the benefits and social services offered by the Social Assistance and Social Security policies, in São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM). The municipality has a territorial extension of 109,184.9 km². Located in the extreme northwest of the state, it borders the west with Colombia and the north with Venezuela. Approximately 95% of the inhabitants are indigenous belonging to more than 30 indigenous group of at least 23 languages. This sociocultural diversity and geographic isolation set several challenges to the implementation of social policies Two methods were used in this research: the ethnography, that required a long stay in the place, the interaction with the subjects, the continuous observation, and a detailed transcription of the information collected; also the research-action-participation (RAP), that proposes to study certain groups through a dialogical relationship between the researcher and the community, in which both are active subjects in the construction of research and knowledge, and that presupposes a devolution to the community. In the case of this work, there was a denunciation report on several situations of violations of social rights, later sent to the Federal Public Ministry of Amazonas. The instruments used included a bibliographical survey, participant and non-participant observation, structured interviews with open and semi-structured questions, field reports, participation in events, holding meetings, formal and informal conversations, tabulation of the information collected and the transformation into quantitative and qualitative data, as well as their analysis. The sample of the universe was 130 people. Of these, 43 were users of the services, 54 users of the Social Security Policy who were not interviewed, but had the attendance observed, 22 were technicians and managers of social services and 11 were members of organized civil society. Fieldwork lasted four months and has led us to reflect that access to social benefits and services by indigenous people poses challenges to every society, especially the indigenous movement, the state and the scientific community / O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear o caminho percorrido por indígenas para acessar benefícios e serviços sociais ofertados pelas políticas de Assistência e Previdência Social, em São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM). O município possui uma extensão territorial de 109.184,9 km², está localizado no extremo noroeste do estado, faz fronteira a oeste com a Colômbia e ao norte com a Venezuela. Aproximadamente 95% dos habitantes são indígenas, pertencentes a mais de trinta povos falantes de, no mínimo, 23 línguas. Esta diversidade sociocultural e o isolamento geográfico estabelecem diversos desafios à execução das políticas sociais. Dois métodos foram utilizados nesta pesquisa: a etnografia, que exigiu uma longa permanência no local, a interação com os sujeitos envolvidos, a observação contínua e a transcrição minuciosa das informações coletadas; e a investigação-ação-participação (IAP), que propõe estudar determinados grupos por uma relação dialógica entre pesquisador e comunidade, na qual ambos são sujeitos ativos na construção da investigação e do conhecimento, pressupondo-se uma devolutiva à comunidade. No caso deste trabalho, houve a produção de um relatório denúncia sobre as diversas situações de violações de direitos sociais apuradas, encaminhado ao Ministério Público Federal do Amazonas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o levantamento bibliográfico, a observação participante e não participante, as entrevistas estruturadas com perguntas abertas e as semiestruturadas, os relatórios de campo, a participação em eventos, a realização de reuniões, as conversas formais e informais, a tabulação das informações coletadas e a transformação em dados quantitativos e qualitativos, bem como sua análise. A amostra do universo foi de 130 pessoas. Destas, 43 eram usuários dos serviços, 54 usuários da Política de Previdência Social que não foram entrevistados, mas tiveram o atendimento observado, 22 eram técnicos e gestores dos serviços sociais e onze eram integrantes da sociedade civil organizada. O trabalho em campo durou quatro meses e nos levou a refletir sobre o acesso aos benefícios e serviços sociais por povos indígenas, que impõe desafios a toda sociedade, sobretudo ao movimento indígena, ao Estado e à comunidade científica

During the Fraser River gold rush of 1858, over 30,000 goldseekers invaded the Aboriginal lands of southern British Columbia, setting off Native-White conflicts similar to the Indian Wars of the American Pacific Northwest. Prior to the establishment of the Colony of British Columbia, 19 November 1858, British sovereignty was marginal and the Fraser gold fields clearly an extension of the American West. The Native world was not defined by the 49th parallel, nor the kind of violence that crossed the international border with the expansion of the California mining frontier. These goldseekers, in prosecuting military-like campaigns, engaged in significant battles with First Nations, broke the back of full-scale Native resistance in both southern British Columbia and eastern Washington State, and brokered Treaties of Peace on foreign soil. The very roots of Native sovereignty, rights and unrest, current in the province today, may be traced to the 1858 gold rush. This dissertation maintains that British Columbia's 'founding' event has not been explored due to the transboundary nature of the subject. It has little or no presence in Canadian historiography as presently written. The year 1858 represents a period of exceptional flux and population mobility within an ill-defined space. I argue that the key to the Fraser Rush is to be found south of the border: in geographic space (the Pacific Slope) and in place (California mining frontier). It examines the three principal cultures that inhabited the middle ground of the gold fields, those of the Fur Trade (Hudson's Bay Company and Native), Californian, and British world views. The year 1858 represents a power struggle on the frontier: a struggle of local Indian power, the entrance of an overwhelming outsiders' power, transplanted locally and directed largely from California, and regional and long-distance British power. It is a clash of two "frontier" creations: that of "California culture" and "fur trade culture" that not only produced violence but the formal inauguration of colonialism, Indian reserves, and ultimately the expansion of Canada to the Pacific Slope.

The past is the prologue. We must understand where we have been before we can understand where we are going. To understand the Blackfoot Nation and how we have come to where we are today, this thesis examines our history through Indian eyes from time immemorial to the present, using traditional narratives, writings of early European explorers and personal experience. The oral tradition of the First Nations people was a multi-media means of communication. Similarly, this thesis uses the media of the written word and a series of paintings to convey the story of the Blackfoot people. This thesis provides background and support, from the artist’s perspective, for the paintings that tell the story of the Blackfoot people and the events that contributed to the downfall of the once-powerful Nation. With the knowledge of where we have been, we can learn how to move forward. / x, 153 leaves : col. ill. ; 29 cm

During the Fraser River gold rush of 1858, over 30,000 goldseekers invaded the Aboriginal lands of southern British Columbia, setting off Native-White conflicts similar to the Indian Wars of the American Pacific Northwest. Prior to the establishment of the Colony of British Columbia, 19 November 1858, British sovereignty was marginal and the Fraser gold fields clearly an extension of the American West. The Native world was not defined by the 49th parallel, nor the kind of violence that crossed the international border with the expansion of the California mining frontier. These goldseekers, in prosecuting military-like campaigns, engaged in significant battles with First Nations, broke the back of full-scale Native resistance in both southern British Columbia and eastern Washington State, and brokered Treaties of Peace on foreign soil. The very roots of Native sovereignty, rights and unrest, current in the province today, may be traced to the 1858 gold rush. This dissertation maintains that British Columbia's 'founding' event has not been explored due to the transboundary nature of the subject. It has little or no presence in Canadian historiography as presently written. The year 1858 represents a period of exceptional flux and population mobility within an ill-defined space. I argue that the key to the Fraser Rush is to be found south of the border: in geographic space (the Pacific Slope) and in place (California mining frontier). It examines the three principal cultures that inhabited the middle ground of the gold fields, those of the Fur Trade (Hudson's Bay Company and Native), Californian, and British world views. The year 1858 represents a power struggle on the frontier: a struggle of local Indian power, the entrance of an overwhelming outsiders' power, transplanted locally and directed largely from California, and regional and long-distance British power. It is a clash of two "frontier" creations: that of "California culture" and "fur trade culture" that not only produced violence but the formal inauguration of colonialism, Indian reserves, and ultimately the expansion of Canada to the Pacific Slope. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate