The purpose of this study was to assess the influence that Henry Knox had on the formation and the inplementation of American Indian policy during the period from 1786 to 1795. Henry Knox was Secretary of War under the Confederation government from 1786-1789. In 1786 his office was given statutory authority to deal with the Northern and Southern tribes on the frontier. In 1789 he was appointed Secretary of War in George Washington's cabinet with increased authority to deal with the Indians. This work deals only with the tribes and the territory in the Northern Department for a number of reasons. First, the geographical area involved is smaller and the tribes more varied than in the Southern Department. Second, in the Northern Department there was not the conflict of federal-state interests that complicated the acquisition of lands and the pacification of the Indians. Third, there can be seen in the Northern Department a continuation of British Indian policy as adopted and ramified by the United States, An examination of Indian treaties concerning this area and the concept of the Indians' right of soil brings into focus the problems that the United States faced when dealing with the tribes on the frontier.The research was planned to answer two questions. What were the vestiges of British and French Indian policy that were adopted by the American government in the period from 1786-1789? Second, what was Henry Knox's role in formulating Confederation and Federal Indian policy? Did he act as the sole agent for the formation of Indian policy or did he take his direction from George Washington and/or the Congress?The first part of the work develops the relationship between George Washington and Henry Knox. It traces the career of Knox during the American Revolution and emphasizes the close bond between Knox and Washington. It also examines the role that Henry Knox played in the negotiations with New England tribes before he became a member of the Confederation government,The second stage of the study concerns itself with British Indian policy from 1763-1775. It develops those threads of imperial control that were adopted and modified by American government with the outbreak of the American Revolution. Special consideration is given to the various demarcation lines, treaties, and organs of Indian control that marked British imperial rule.The involvement of Henry Knox in Indian policy began in 1786 with the reorganization of the Indian Department. The work examines the conditions on the frontier that Knox inherited from his predecessor. The treaties of Forts Stanwix, McIntosh and Finney are examined in detail to emphasize the unrest on the frontier from both Indians and whites. In this setting the efforts of Henry Knox to formulate consistent and just Indian policy is studied. The first stage of Henry Knox's career as a Cabinet Officer comes to an end with the formation of the Federal government. From 1789-1795, Henry Knox served as Secretary of War in the new government. He was given more authority by the administration to guide the conduct of Indian policy. This study deals at length with the problems that Knox encountered in his dealings with the Indians on the frontier and with the Cabinet members in Washington's government. The military defeats of Josiah Harmar and Arthur St. Clair at the hands of the Indians during this period are traced and evaluated as to their consequences on Knox's effectiveness as an administrator. The final solution to the Indian problem in the Northwest comes with Anthony Wayne's victory at Fallen Timbers in 1794. Knox's contributions to this effort and his legacy to future Indian policy are evaluated in the final portion of this study.

The radical transformations attendant upon the imposition of colonial rule on the Siksikaitsitapi or Blackfoot of northern Alberta and southern Montana are examined in this dissertation in order to emphasise the threads of continuity within a tapestry of cultural change c.1870-1920. The dissertation traces cultural persistence through the analysis of texts of history and literature that constructed Blackfoot subjectivity in the half-century following the end of traditional lifeways and settlement on three reserves in Canada and one reservation in the United States of America. This interdisciplinary thesis has been undertaken jointly in the School of History and Philosophy, and the School of English, Media and Performance Studies. It combines the tools of historical research and literary criticism to analyse the discourses and counter-discourses that served to construct Blackfoot subjectivity in colonial texts. It engages with the ways in which the Blackfoot navigated colonisation and resisted forced acculturation while adopting strategies of accommodation to ensure social reproduction and even physical survival in this period. To this end, it presents four case studies, each focusing on a discrete process of Blackfoot cultural transformation: a) the resistance to acculturation and cultural revitalisation as it relates to the practice of Ookaan (Sun Dance); b) the power shifts ushered in by European contact and the intersection between power and Blackfoot dress practices; c) the participation of Blackfoot "organic intellectuals" in the construction of Blackfoot history through the transformation of oral stories into text via the ethnographic encounter; and d) the continuing links between Blackfoot history and literature, and contemporary fictional representations of Blackfoot subjectivity by First Nations authors. This thesis acknowledges that Blackfoot history and literature have been constructed through a complex matrix of textual representations from their earliest contacts with Europeans. This dissertation is a study of the intersection between textual representations of the Blackfoot, and resistance, persistence and cultural revitalisation 1870-1920. It seeks to contribute to debates on the capacity of the colonised Other to exercise agency. It engages with views articulated by organic intellectuals, and Blackfoot and other First Nations scholars, in order to foster a dialogue between Blackfoot and non-Blackfoot scholarship.

Thesis (Ph. D. - Political Science)--University of Arizona, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-234).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in History. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 261-280). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=1251850601&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1195659877&clientId=5220

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 252-271). Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 232-237). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph.D)--University of Wollongong, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: p. 327-345.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2007.

Thesis (M.A.)--Texas State University--San Marcos, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-93). Also available on microfilm.

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-183). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.