Magistro darbo „Šalies subalansuotos plėtros vertinimas“ tikslas – įvertinti Lietuvos plėtros subalansuotumą bei padarytą pažangą šioje srityje 1999–2003 m., taikant skirtingus vertinimo metodus bei remiantis gautais rezultatais atskleisti taikytų metodų tinkamumą šalies plėtros subalansuotumui vertinti. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje atskleidžiama subalansuotos plėtros koncepcijos raida bei šiandieninė subalansuotos plėtros įgyvendinimo situacija Lietuvoje. Antroje dalyje pateikiama subalansuotos plėtros rodiklių samprata, analizuojami skirtingų tarptautinių organizacijų naudojami bei Lietuvos Nacionalinėje darnaus vystymosi strategijoje pateiktas rodiklių rinkiniai bei jiems taikomi atrankos kriterijai. Nagrinėjami agreguoti rodikliai, naudojami subalansuotai plėtrai vertinti, bei rodiklių sisteminimo modeliai, išryškinamos jų stipriosios ir silpnosios savybės bei praktinis taikymo tinkamumas. Trečioje dalyje analizuojamas pasirinktas rodiklių rinkinys, Lietuvos plėtros subalansuotumui bei daromai pažangai šioje srityje vertinti. Taikant Gyvenimo kokybės indekso, Subalansuotumo barometro ir Subalansuotumo kompaso metodus, įvertinta Lietuvos plėtros subalansuotumo būklė 1999–2003 metų laikotarpiu, atlikta rezultatų prognozė 2005 metams. Tyrimo rezultate patvirtinama, kad visi taikyti metodai, subalansuotai plėtrai vertinti, yra tobulintini, gauti rezultatai yra subjektyvūs ir ginčytini, todėl tinkamiausio vertinimo būdo paieškos turi būti tęsiamos. / A purpose of this Master thesis „The valuation of country’s sustainable development“ is to evaluate a sustainable development of Lithuania and it‘s progress in 1999–2003rd, using different evaluation methods; moreover to reveal a usability of these methods using the obtained results for estimation of the sustainable development of the country.An evolution of sustainable development and Lithuania’s present–day situation of sustainable development realization are presented in the first part of this work. A conception of sustainable development indicators, analysed sets of indicators which are used in different international organizations and produced in Lithuania’s national strategy of sustainable development and also criteria of selection applied to these indicators are presented in the second part of this work. The aggregate indices which are used for estimation of sustainable development, and frameworks of indicators systematisation are investigate; their strengths and weaknesses are presented as well as practical usability of an application. Selected set of indicators is analysed (which is used for estimation of Lithuania’s sustainable development and for a progress which is done in this sphere) in the third part of this work. It is also appraised a condition of Lithuania’s sustainable development in 1999–2003rd, in a process of Quality of life index, Barometer of sustainability and Compass of sustainability methods usage is presented; a prognosis of results for 200... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1569.pdf: 1396264 bytes, checksum: 2a759377cc77207e5bc329f78c9e4320 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-04-05 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The complexity of the problems deriving from urban environments has required a deeper and more integrated understanding of the reality of these environments as an essential step toward solutions. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of principles of sustainability in the process of monitoring the socioenvironmental conditions of this medium. To gain a better understanding of the ideas surrounding the perspective of sustainability, the different meanings ascribed to the term, as well as the complementary issues and aspects that interact in this world of considerations are discussed. Thus, basic conceptual elements were sought that would contribute to build aproper definition for use within the context of this work, which in turn allowed for an outline to be made of its essential characteristics and general guiding principles that were then employed to analyze a given set of indicators. Different reflections and proposals regarding the instruments used to evaluate urban conditions were examined to identify a set of variables defining the basic characteristics of projects and implementation. A critical systematization of three previously selected experiences the Agenda 21 Indicators, the Seattle Indicators and the Belo Horizonte Urban Life Quality Index led to the elaboration of an analysis based on the general principles of sustainability and on the set of variables existing in the process of creating, formulating and monitoring these indicators. This analytical repertoire allowed for a definition of the potential represented by these instruments, offering the basic references for its development and implementation in different contexts. / A complexidade dos problemas decorrentes do meio urbano tem exigido uma apreensão mais precisa e integrada da realidade como passo essencial no encaminhamento de soluções. O objeto central deste trabalho é a investigação da aplicabilidade de princípios da sustentabilidade nos processos de monitoramento das condições socioambientais existentes neste meio. Para um melhor entendimento das noções que gravitam ao redor dessa perspectiva sustentável, abordou-se a discussão de diferentes acepções atribuídas ao termo, bem como as questões e os aspectos complementares que interagem neste universo de considerações. Buscou-se, assim, a obtenção dos elementos conceituais básicos que contribuíssem na construção de uma definição própria a ser empregada no contexto deste trabalho. Tal procedimento permitiu o delineamento das suas características essenciais e dos seus princípios gerais de orientação que foram posteriormente utilizados na análise de determinados sistemas de indicadores. O exame de diferentes reflexões e proposições acerca destes instrumentos de mensuração das condições urbanas viabilizou a identificação de um conjunto de variáveis que define as características básicas dos projetos e implementações. A sistematização crítica de três experiências distintas previamente selecionadas - Indicadores da Agenda 21, Indicadores de Seattle e o Índice de Qualidade de Vida Urbana de Belo Horizonte - propiciou a elaboração de uma análise referenciada pelos princípios gerais da sustentabilidade e pelo conjunto de variáveis presentes em um processo de criação, formulação e monitoramento dos indicadores. Este repertório analítico permitiu a verificação do potencial representado por este instrumental oferecendo os referenciais básicos para o seu desenvolvimento e implementação em diferentes contextos.

The aim of the thesis was to analyse indicators and data sets used in the field of sustainable spatial plannig. On the base of the analyses there were spatial indicators of the sustainable development designed. The basic condition to design new indicators it was the accessibility to the elementary datas. The other condition was to design very simply methodology that could be use also for measuring in very small location. The thesis designed idnicators in three main areas of the spatial planning: • landuse, • accessibility of the services, • inner city/town/village traffic. One of the demands for the new indicators set was it´s efficiency for all kinds of the cities in the Czech Republic. This demand was fullfilled by the 3 level methodolgy – the main indicator was measurable for all kinds of settlemets – small villages, small and middle towns and also for cities. The basic methodology (for small villages) was very simple. Indicators were computed from very easy accesible data sets. And this methodology could also be used for larger settlements without any problems. The second level – for small and middle towns – sometimes needs special surveys or special hardware and software. The top of the pyramid is the methodology for cities. In this level there are used detailed analyses and computing methods. The thesis designes the methodology and also checks the practical application up.

The Subject evidences the importance of the proposition of indicators of sustainable development for Agricultural Nestings, with the objective to support of the decisions of the governmental bodies and managers of a general form, in the implantation, accompaniment, support and evaluation to the implanted projects and to be implanted. Through the historical analysis of the brazilian agrarian question and the chosen theorical landmarks: the indicators of sustainable development; and family agriculture, was possible to know the theoretical structure witch involves the subject. Regarding the indicators of sustainable development it was proceeded a research concerning it s evolution, identifying the main studies about: the work of construction indicators of sustainable development led by the Commission for Sustainable Development CDS, of the United Nations; indicators of sustainable development Brazil 2004, of the IBGE; of the Balaton Group (Donella Meadows and others), in the Triângulo de Daly ; of the Bossel project; of the Monet model of Switzerland; and, the total socio-ecologial system, of the CEPAL. The boarding of the theorical landmark Familiar Agriculture included the analysis of some definitions and it s categories and identified the types, the sizes and the generated income for the familiar agriculturists in Brazil. The field research was carried through on two agricultural nestings (Farm Amoras and Farm Santa Amália e Santos Apóstolos) both managed by the Land and Agrarian Reformation Institute of Alagoas ITERAL. In the scope of the research we have observed characterization of the nestings, the profile of seated and the dynamics of the nestings, the social world of the seated, the production of the nestings and their impacts, the access to technology and to credit and the characteristics of the generated income. The proposition of the indicators of sustainable development to rural nestings followed the ordained landmark considered by the Commission of Sustainable Development CDS, of the United Nations and followed, in Brazil, by the IBGE, which organizes the indicators on four dimensions of sustainability: Environmental, Social, Economic and Institutional. The indicators proposed reach a total of sixty-two, including twenty-three environmental indicators, twenty-one social indicators, thirteen economical indicators and five institutional indicators. The indicators are also classified, by the model of the Cooperation and Economic Development Organization OCDE, as being Pressure Condition Reply PER. Finally, are identified thirteen indicators considered synthesis, in the total ambit of the indicators. / O tema evidencia a importância da proposição de indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável para Assentamentos Rurais, com o objetivo de apoiar as decisões dos órgãos governamentais e gestores de uma forma geral, na implantação, acompanhamento, apoio e avaliação aos projetos implantados e a serem implantados. Através da análise histórica da questão agrária brasileira e dos marcos teóricos escolhidos: os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável; e, a agricultura familiar, foi possível conhecer o arcabouço teórico que envolve o tema. No tocante aos indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável procedemos a uma pesquisa concernente a sua evolução, identificando-se os principais estudos a respeito: o trabalho de construção de indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável liderado pela Comissão para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável CDS, das Nações Unidas; indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável Brasil 2004, do IBGE; o do Grupo Balaton (Donella Meadows e outros), no Triangulo de Daly ; o do esquema Bossel; o do modelo Monet da Suíça; e, o sistema sócio ecológico total, da CEPAL. A abordagem do marco teórico Agricultura Familiar compreendeu a análise de definições e as suas categorias e identificou os tipos, os tamanhos e a renda gerada pelos agricultores familiares no Brasil. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em dois assentamentos rurais (Fazenda Amoras e Fazenda Santa Amália e Santos Apóstolos), ambos gerenciados pelo Instituto de Terras e Reforma Agrária de Alagoas ITERAL. No âmbito da pesquisa observamos a caracterização dos assentamentos, o perfil dos assentados e a dinâmica dos assentamentos, o mundo social dos assentados, a produção dos assentamentos e os seus impactos, o acesso à tecnologia e ao crédito e as características da renda gerada. A proposição de indicadores de sustentabilidade para assentamentos rurais seguiu o marco ordenador proposto pela Comissão de Desenvolvimento Sustentável CDS, das Nações Unidas e seguido, no Brasil, pelo IBGE, que organiza os indicadores em quatro dimensões de sustentabilidade: Ambiental, Social, Econômica e Institucional. Os indicadores propostos atingem um total de sessenta e dois, compreendendo vinte e três indicadores ambientais, vinte e um indicadores sociais, treze indicadores econômicos e cinco indicadores institucionais. Os indicadores são também classificados, pelo modelo da Organização de Cooperação e de Desenvolvimento Econômico OCDE, como sendo Pressão-Estado-Resposta PER. Finalmente, são identificados treze indicadores considerados sínteses, no âmbito total dos indicadores.

The aim of the thesis was to analyse indicators and data sets used in the field of sustainable spatial plannig. On the base of the analyses there were spatial indicators of the sustainable development designed. The basic condition to design new indicators it was the accessibility to the elementary datas. The other condition was to design very simply methodology that could be use also for measuring in very small location. The thesis designed idnicators in three main areas of the spatial planning: • landuse, • accessibility of the services, • inner city/town/village traffic. One of the demands for the new indicators set was it´s efficiency for all kinds of the cities in the Czech Republic. This demand was fullfilled by the 3 level methodolgy – the main indicator was measurable for all kinds of settlemets – small villages, small and middle towns and also for cities. The basic methodology (for small villages) was very simple. Indicators were computed from very easy accesible data sets. And this methodology could also be used for larger settlements without any problems. The second level – for small and middle towns – sometimes needs special surveys or special hardware and software. The top of the pyramid is the methodology for cities. In this level there are used detailed analyses and computing methods. The thesis designes the methodology and also checks the practical application up.

Noise currently represents a problem in society, which disturbs mainly inhabitants in populated areas. It decreases their quality of life and endangers their health. The sensitivity to noise is individual, yet it is possible to measure noise by various means and evaluate its intensity and impact on human beings. Noise as a part of the environment, is becoming on the basis of resident complaints a discussed matter on the town and city level. Their management of noise necessarily involves monitoring and taking subsequent precautions. This work deals with comparing objective and subjective methods in noise evaluation in urban environments and its impact on the quality of life and the health of the residents. It uses a method of the multicriterial evaluation of variant also known as the multicriterial analysis. It compares four approaches to evaluate noise; two objective involving measuring, one subjective using a survey method and one hybrid. The winning method represents the subjective evaluation, which has fulfilled given criteria and acquired a significance of 75 %. All variants included in the analysis are suitable for noise evaluation in outdoor environments on a local level. The outcome of this work is to recommend towns and cities in the Czech Republic to use the winning compromising variant,...