Lee Kam-yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-196). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; questionnaire and appendix also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- From “Human! Human ´ح to “Shanghai Baby ´ح / Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of the Research / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Literature Review --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Individualism as a Cultural Complex / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Type of Individualism / Chapter 2.1.2 --- The Discourse of Individualism / Chapter 2.2 --- Individualism as a Social Institution / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Parsons: Institutionalized Individualism / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Individualization and Institutionalized Individualism / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Market and Institutionalized Individualism / Chapter 2.3 --- Individualism in Chinese Society / Chapter 2.4 --- China in Transition / Chapter 2.4.1 --- The Value Change in China / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Modernization and Structural Change ´ؤ State-led Modernization and the Introduction of Market / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Market and Institutionalized Individualism / Chapter 2.4.4 --- The Changing Morality in Contemporary China / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Research Question and Methodology --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Question / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Institutionalized Individualism in China / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Tension between Traditional Values and Market Values / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Effect on Family / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Searching for New Social Norms and Order / Chapter 3.1.5 --- The Example of Modernization in Japan / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Research Question / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Research Question / Chapter 3.1.7 --- The Cultural Orientation in Hong Kong Society / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The Case / Chapter 3.2.2 --- The Importance of the Case / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Research Significance / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Methodology / Chapter 3.2.5 --- The Interview Questions / Chapter CHAPER 4 --- """Contextualize"" the Case" --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Development of the Southern Part of China: Guangdong / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Guangzhou under Market Reform / Chapter 4.2 --- The Case ´ؤ Xia Du Village / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The Commercial Activities in Xia Du / Chapter 4.2.2 --- The Living Environment in Xia Du / Chapter 4.3 --- Student under Market Reform / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Politics / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Work / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Attitudes on Money / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Consumerism and Modern Life Style / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Marriage and Sex / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Traditional Values / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Generation Gap / Chapter 4.3.8 --- Being an Individual / Chapter 4.3.9 --- Confusion and Frustration among the Youth: I Have Nothing! / Chapter 4.4 --- The Study / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Public Life ´ؤ Community and the State --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1 --- Community / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Reasons for Living in Xia Du / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Interaction in the Community / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Social Relationship in Xia Du / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Passive Response to the Problems / Chapter 5.1.5 --- The Improvement of Dormitory / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Mobility of the Students / Chapter 5.1.7 --- Freedom in the Community / Chapter 5.1.8 --- The Openness and the Disorder in Xia Du / Chapter 5.1.9 --- The Community Life / Chapter 5.1.10 --- The Liberating Spirit among the Students / Chapter 5.1.11 --- Conclusion / Chapter 5.2 --- Politics / Chapter 5.2.1 --- The Boundary between Individual Right and the Power of the State / Chapter 5.2.2 --- As a Passive Participant / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Commitment toward the Country / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- Private Life --- p.91 / Chapter 6.1 --- Work / Chapter 6.1.1 --- A Continuum / Chapter 6.1.2 --- The Appreciation of Market / Chapter 6.1.3 --- The Two Ideal Types of Value System / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Dilemma between Self-Opportunity and Loyalty / Chapter 6.2 --- The Intimate Sphere (Love and Family) / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The Choices between Self-aspiration and Love / Chapter 6.2.2 --- The Tension between Individual Space and Attachment / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Common Values: Stability / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Family / Chapter 6.2.5 --- Summary / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- Living in the Individualized World --- p.116 / Chapter 7.1 --- The Tension of the Dynamic Individualism / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Tension between Traditional Values and Market Values / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Tension between Autonomy and Family: Ping's Story / Chapter 7.1.3 --- Tension between Self-interest and Morality / Chapter 7.1.4 --- Tension between Market Values and Stability / Chapter 7.2 --- Life Pressure / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Family Responsibility / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Social Expectation of Family / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Uncertainty and Freedom / Chapter 7.3 --- The Importance of Money / Chapter 7.3.1 --- To Provide the Feeling of Security / Chapter 7.3.2 --- To Define Success / Chapter 7.3.3 --- To Secure Your Right and Attain Freedom / Chapter 7.4 --- Tensions between Consumption and Traditional Values / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Single-Minded Individualism / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Dynamic Individualism / Chapter 7.4.3 --- The Incident of Menhan Quan Xi / Chapter 7.5 --- Loneliness / Chapter 7.5.1. --- Concern on Privacy / Chapter 7.6 --- The Life Situations in a Individualized World / Chapter 7.6.1 --- Weak Emotional Ties in Family / Chapter 7.6.2 --- Geographical Separation / Chapter 7.6.3 --- The Change in Family / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- Conclusion and Discussion --- p.143 / Chapter 8.1 --- The Value System / Chapter 8.1.1 --- The Element of Individualism among the Students / Chapter 8.1.2 --- Two Manifested Forms of Individualism / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Single-Minded Individualism / Chapter 8.1.4 --- Dynamic Individualism / Chapter 8.1.5 --- Summary of the Two Ideal Types / Chapter 8.1.6 --- The Position of the Case / Chapter 8.2 --- The Dimension of Individualization and its Implication / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Physical individualization / Chapter 8.2.2 --- The Individualization of Morality / Chapter 8.2.3 --- The Individualization of Social Responsibility / Chapter 8.2.4 --- The Three Dimensions / Chapter 8.3 --- Market and Extreme Individualism / Chapter 8.4 --- The Myth of Market / Chapter 8.5 --- Rethinking the Importance of Traditional Values / Chapter 8.6 --- The Chinese Modernity / Chapter 8.7 --- Research Limitations / Chapter 8.8 --- Summary / APPENDICES / Appendix I Photos of the Xia Du Village --- p.165 / Appendix II Informants' Information --- p.170 / Appendix III Interview Questions --- p.172 / Appendix IV The News Cutting of the Incident of Menhan Quan Xi --- p.180 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.189

published_or_final_version / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / Humanities / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

According to both previous research and common belief, Chinese values represent a more collectivist orientation while American values demonstrate a more individualistic orientation. This study attempts to find out whether this assumption is stiII accurate in recent times, given the profound social changes that have taken place in China. Drawing data fkom the World Values Survey (1 995- 1997), this study examines four aspects of collectivist and individualistic orientations in China and America: socialization, work, social relationships, and motivation. While confirming some of my hypotheses and contradicting others, the findings suggest that there are significant indications of value changes in China. Specifically, there is a strong indication of a more individualistic orientation in Chinese values regarding socialization and social relationships than in comparable American values. Furthermore, this study provides some informed conjecture about and explanation of the findings concerning the four aspects of values I examine, as well as suggestions for subsequent research.