Traitement et séchage de sol-gels est une pratique utilisée couramment dans l'industrie en raison du grand nombre d'applications existantes pour les produits en aval. Parmi eux, un produit spécifique capte une grande attention en raison de son élevé potentiel principalement pour l’application dans l'isolation thermique résidentielles, industrielles et même l'aérospatiale. Ce type de produit, appelé aérogel est un matériau dont la structure nanoporeuse marque une très faible densité et de conductivité thermique. La production d'aérogel peut être réalisée par diverses méthodes en fonction de la technique de séchage utilisée pour évacuer le liquide retenu dans les pores de gel: Tourner autour du point triple, franchissant la ligne d'évaporation ou contourner le point critique. L'objet de cette thèse consiste à fournir la base technologique nécessaire pour le développement d'un programme de la commercialisation industrielle des aérogels. A cet effet, la poursuite soutiendra sur la compréhension et l'identification de la présente maturité technologique, le développement et la mise à l'échelle d'un processus et de produits optimisés, et l'évaluation d'un plan d'affaires pour la production commerciale d'aérogels. L'environnement dans lequel s’effectue cette thèse se compose de deux domaines différents. Une consisté dans la conception, construction et opération des équipements spécifiques au sein de SEPAREX, et l'autre était dirigé dans la participation et la gestion de quatre projets européens du 7ème framework program: AEROCOINs, AerSUS, HIPIN et RESEEPE. Tous engagée dans la recherche et le développement de divers matériaux à base d’aérogels pour des applications dans l'isolation et la rénovation des bâtiments et dans l'isolation des vaisseaux spatiaux et des satellites. SEPAREX a participé en tant qu'expert dans le procédé de séchage de ces matériaux et aussi comme expert dans la conception et la mise à l'échelle d'équipements pour le processus concerné / Processing and drying of sol-gels is a widely practice used in industry due to the large number of existing applications for the downstream products. Among them, a specific product captures a great attention due to its high potential mainly for thermal insulation as residential, industrial and even aerospace applications. This product type, called aerogel, is a nanoporous material whose structure having extremely low density and thermal conductivity. Aerogel production can be carried out by various methods depending on the drying technique used to evacuate the liquid retained within the gel pores: Turning around the triple point, crossing the evaporation line or turning around the critical point. The purpose of the present thesis is to provide the technological basis required for the development of a program for the industrial commercialization of aerogels. For this purpose, the survey shall cover the understanding and identification of the present technology maturity, the development and scaling of an optimized process and products, and evaluation of a commercial business plan for the production of aerogels. The environment in which takes place this thesis is comprised in two different areas. One consisted in designing, construction and operation of a specific equipment within SEPAREX, and the other one was led in participation and management of four European projects of the 7th framework program: AEROCOINs, AerSUS, HIPIN and RESEEPE. All of them engaged in the research and development of diverse aerogels-based materials for applications in insulation and retrofitting of buildings and insulation of spacecraft and satellites. SEPAREX participated as expert in the drying process of such materials and also as expert in the design and scale-up of equipment for the process therefore

O presente estudo tem como objetivo central o estabelecimento de um quadro referencial que possa contribuir para uma metodologia para gestão de acervos museológicos de uma tipologia específica aqui determinada - os utensílios domésticos industrializados e pré-elétricos. Compreendemos que a relevância desta tipologia de objetos está no papel que exerceu no processo de modernização e racionalização do espaço doméstico que culminará na eletrificação das residências ao longo do século XX. Sendo assim, traçamos aqui um panorama dos ciclos de vida destes produtos em seu contexto original de fabricação e consumo - através da investigação da publicidade que circulava em São Paulo na virada para o século XX - e sua posterior incorporação a instituições museológicas. Tendo como hipótese que a incorporação destes utensílios a acervos de museus históricos configure uma tendência relacionada às mudanças conceituais e metodológicas que ocorrem nos campos da História e da Museologia ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, nos debruçamos sobre coleções do Museu Paulista e do Museu da Casa Brasileira, propondo uma análise da historicidade destas coleções, assim como dos parâmetros curatoriais a eles empregados, buscando então elencar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento e pesquisa dentro dos processos de curadoria desta tipologia de objetos em museus com vocação histórica. / The present study is aimed at building a referential framework that may contribute to the establishment of collections management methodologies concerning a specific category of objects - pre-electrical household utensils and appliances of industrial manufacture. The relevance of such objects lies in the role they played in a process of modernization and rationalization of the household which would culminate in the spread of electrical power for residential use throughout the 20th century. Thus, we present an outlook of the life cycles these products took part in, whether in the context of their production and mass consumption in the turn-of-the-century São Paulo - for which we investigate the advertisements published in this period - whether in the context of their posterior accessioning by museums. On the assumption that the acquisition of such objects by History museums reveals a trend linked to conceptual and methodological transformations that guide the fields of History and Museum Studies throughout the second half of the 20th century, we look into the collections of Museu Paulista and Museu da Casa Brasileira, analysing the history of these collections as well as the curatorial process they were subject to, aiming at the possibilities for research and development of this category of objects within the curatorial process of History museums.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo central o estabelecimento de um quadro referencial que possa contribuir para uma metodologia para gestão de acervos museológicos de uma tipologia específica aqui determinada - os utensílios domésticos industrializados e pré-elétricos. Compreendemos que a relevância desta tipologia de objetos está no papel que exerceu no processo de modernização e racionalização do espaço doméstico que culminará na eletrificação das residências ao longo do século XX. Sendo assim, traçamos aqui um panorama dos ciclos de vida destes produtos em seu contexto original de fabricação e consumo - através da investigação da publicidade que circulava em São Paulo na virada para o século XX - e sua posterior incorporação a instituições museológicas. Tendo como hipótese que a incorporação destes utensílios a acervos de museus históricos configure uma tendência relacionada às mudanças conceituais e metodológicas que ocorrem nos campos da História e da Museologia ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, nos debruçamos sobre coleções do Museu Paulista e do Museu da Casa Brasileira, propondo uma análise da historicidade destas coleções, assim como dos parâmetros curatoriais a eles empregados, buscando então elencar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento e pesquisa dentro dos processos de curadoria desta tipologia de objetos em museus com vocação histórica. / The present study is aimed at building a referential framework that may contribute to the establishment of collections management methodologies concerning a specific category of objects - pre-electrical household utensils and appliances of industrial manufacture. The relevance of such objects lies in the role they played in a process of modernization and rationalization of the household which would culminate in the spread of electrical power for residential use throughout the 20th century. Thus, we present an outlook of the life cycles these products took part in, whether in the context of their production and mass consumption in the turn-of-the-century São Paulo - for which we investigate the advertisements published in this period - whether in the context of their posterior accessioning by museums. On the assumption that the acquisition of such objects by History museums reveals a trend linked to conceptual and methodological transformations that guide the fields of History and Museum Studies throughout the second half of the 20th century, we look into the collections of Museu Paulista and Museu da Casa Brasileira, analysing the history of these collections as well as the curatorial process they were subject to, aiming at the possibilities for research and development of this category of objects within the curatorial process of History museums.