En general el diseño de las políticas habitacionales ha prescindido del conocimiento de la demanda específica. La producción del hábitat popular ha sido a través del uso de técnicas constructivas industrializadas, adoptando estrategias de producción masiva, con una eficiente utilización de los recursos, pero ignorando las exigencias individuales de cada familia, la pluralidad y el dinamismo de la sociedad. En consecuencia surgen complejos que no se adecuan a las necesidades de la población, donde los usuarios intervienen incorporando necesidades no previstas en el desarrollo del producto. A partir de un escenario industrial competitivo donde la diversidad del mercado es un nuevo factor para las empresas, surge la customización masiva como una nueva estrategia, capaz de satisfacer a los consumidores con diferentes productos sin aumentar significativamente los costos y el tiempo de entrega. En programas habitacionales la oferta de customización es muy limitada debido principalmente a lograr una economía de escala de la producción. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue proponer formas de retroalimentar el proceso de desarrollo del producto a partir de las intervenciones realizadas por los usuarios. Fueron realizados dos estudios de casos de programas residenciales, donde la participación del usuario en el desarrollo del producto es diferente. La investigación se realizó en tres etapas, siendo la primera etapa A de comprensión del proceso de desarrollo del producto, caracterizando la empresa y los emprendimientos. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con informantes calificados, visitas a los emprendimientos y análisis de documentos técnicos. La etapa B tuvo como objetivo la planificación del levantamiento de datos para capturar las informaciones de las intervenciones de los usuarios en la etapa de uso de las unidades. Para esto se realizóla colecta de datos a través de entrevistas, y cuestionarios estructurados a los usuarios, y análisis de las intervenciones a través de fotografías satelitales. La etapa C busco identificar oportunidades de procesamiento de los datos, para entender los requisitos de los usuarios y contribuir a mejorar el PDP. Se identificaron estrategias en el proceso de producción de un sistema industrializado de producción de viviendas, encontrando oportunidades de implementar mejoras en la capacidad de adaptabilidad del sistema a los cambios producidos por los usuarios, aumentando la variabilidad y flexibilidad de las opciones de viviendas ofrecidas por la empresa. Conjuntamente con la empresa fueron analizadas las intervenciones y se identificaron oportunidades para adoptar distintos grados de customización. Las principales contribuciones del trabajo es comprender cuales son los requisitos de los usuarios en la etapa de uso de las viviendas, para lograr un producto customizable en proyectos de vivienda de interés social y contribuir al desarrollo de productos industrializados que incorporen estos requisitos. / In general, housing policies have ignored knowledge on the specific needs of families in the design of housing projects. In fact, several industrialized building techniques have been used in social housing, often connected to the adoption of mass production ideas, with the aim of achieving a highly efficient use of resources, but ignoring the individual needs of each family, and the plurality and dynamism of the society. Consequently, there are many housing estates that do not fulfill the needs of the population, resulting in changes in the housing units carried out by the users so that their requirements can be properly considered. In an industrial setting that has growing competition, the diversity in the client needs has become a key factor for several companies in the manufacturing sector. In this context, mass customization has emerged as a new strategy, with the aim of satisfying users with different needs without significantly increasing costs and delivery time. However, in the social housing sector, very few programs offer the possibility of customization, mainly due to the need to achieve economies of scale. Thus, the aim of this research work is to propose guidelines for providing feedback to the product development process of social housing projects, based on product changes that have been made by the users after delivery. Two case studies were conducted in different residential projects, developed by the same company, in which the degree of user involvement in product development was different. The research method was divided into three stages. In stage A, the aim was to understand the product development process, the housing company involved in this investigation, as well as the three projects. The main sources of evidences used were interviews with company representatives, visits to the housing estates, and document analysis. Phase B involved the collection of data related to the product changes carried out by users in the three projects. The main sources of evidence used were interviews with a sample of users, direct observation of those changes, and analysis of interventions by using satellite photos. Phase C sought to propose guidelines for processing user requirement data, and to identify improvement opportunities in the product development process. Regarding the industrialized building system developed by the company, some improvements were proposed, mostly related to the capacity of adaptation of the system to the product changes often made by the users, increasing the variety and flexibility of the housing options offered by the company. In collaboration with company representatives, different degrees of customization were devised. The main contributions of this research work are concerned with how to capture and process requirements based on multiple sources of evidence, as well as to understand the nature of product changes demanded by the users, which can be useful for designing customized houses.

En general el diseño de las políticas habitacionales ha prescindido del conocimiento de la demanda específica. La producción del hábitat popular ha sido a través del uso de técnicas constructivas industrializadas, adoptando estrategias de producción masiva, con una eficiente utilización de los recursos, pero ignorando las exigencias individuales de cada familia, la pluralidad y el dinamismo de la sociedad. En consecuencia surgen complejos que no se adecuan a las necesidades de la población, donde los usuarios intervienen incorporando necesidades no previstas en el desarrollo del producto. A partir de un escenario industrial competitivo donde la diversidad del mercado es un nuevo factor para las empresas, surge la customización masiva como una nueva estrategia, capaz de satisfacer a los consumidores con diferentes productos sin aumentar significativamente los costos y el tiempo de entrega. En programas habitacionales la oferta de customización es muy limitada debido principalmente a lograr una economía de escala de la producción. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue proponer formas de retroalimentar el proceso de desarrollo del producto a partir de las intervenciones realizadas por los usuarios. Fueron realizados dos estudios de casos de programas residenciales, donde la participación del usuario en el desarrollo del producto es diferente. La investigación se realizó en tres etapas, siendo la primera etapa A de comprensión del proceso de desarrollo del producto, caracterizando la empresa y los emprendimientos. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con informantes calificados, visitas a los emprendimientos y análisis de documentos técnicos. La etapa B tuvo como objetivo la planificación del levantamiento de datos para capturar las informaciones de las intervenciones de los usuarios en la etapa de uso de las unidades. Para esto se realizóla colecta de datos a través de entrevistas, y cuestionarios estructurados a los usuarios, y análisis de las intervenciones a través de fotografías satelitales. La etapa C busco identificar oportunidades de procesamiento de los datos, para entender los requisitos de los usuarios y contribuir a mejorar el PDP. Se identificaron estrategias en el proceso de producción de un sistema industrializado de producción de viviendas, encontrando oportunidades de implementar mejoras en la capacidad de adaptabilidad del sistema a los cambios producidos por los usuarios, aumentando la variabilidad y flexibilidad de las opciones de viviendas ofrecidas por la empresa. Conjuntamente con la empresa fueron analizadas las intervenciones y se identificaron oportunidades para adoptar distintos grados de customización. Las principales contribuciones del trabajo es comprender cuales son los requisitos de los usuarios en la etapa de uso de las viviendas, para lograr un producto customizable en proyectos de vivienda de interés social y contribuir al desarrollo de productos industrializados que incorporen estos requisitos. / In general, housing policies have ignored knowledge on the specific needs of families in the design of housing projects. In fact, several industrialized building techniques have been used in social housing, often connected to the adoption of mass production ideas, with the aim of achieving a highly efficient use of resources, but ignoring the individual needs of each family, and the plurality and dynamism of the society. Consequently, there are many housing estates that do not fulfill the needs of the population, resulting in changes in the housing units carried out by the users so that their requirements can be properly considered. In an industrial setting that has growing competition, the diversity in the client needs has become a key factor for several companies in the manufacturing sector. In this context, mass customization has emerged as a new strategy, with the aim of satisfying users with different needs without significantly increasing costs and delivery time. However, in the social housing sector, very few programs offer the possibility of customization, mainly due to the need to achieve economies of scale. Thus, the aim of this research work is to propose guidelines for providing feedback to the product development process of social housing projects, based on product changes that have been made by the users after delivery. Two case studies were conducted in different residential projects, developed by the same company, in which the degree of user involvement in product development was different. The research method was divided into three stages. In stage A, the aim was to understand the product development process, the housing company involved in this investigation, as well as the three projects. The main sources of evidences used were interviews with company representatives, visits to the housing estates, and document analysis. Phase B involved the collection of data related to the product changes carried out by users in the three projects. The main sources of evidence used were interviews with a sample of users, direct observation of those changes, and analysis of interventions by using satellite photos. Phase C sought to propose guidelines for processing user requirement data, and to identify improvement opportunities in the product development process. Regarding the industrialized building system developed by the company, some improvements were proposed, mostly related to the capacity of adaptation of the system to the product changes often made by the users, increasing the variety and flexibility of the housing options offered by the company. In collaboration with company representatives, different degrees of customization were devised. The main contributions of this research work are concerned with how to capture and process requirements based on multiple sources of evidence, as well as to understand the nature of product changes demanded by the users, which can be useful for designing customized houses.

O presente trabalho propôs o estudo de desempenho de painéis sanduíche formados por núcleo de painéis de partículas de fibras da casca de coco verde e de madeira pinus, Pinus sp., conformado por placas de fibrocimento de forma a produzir um compósito com propriedades associadas. Os painéis sanduíche foram avaliados por ensaio físico e mecânico, determinaram-se a densidade média de cada tratamento e as tensões de face e núcleo dos painéis sanduíche. Termicamente foram avaliados por equações analíticas e analisados por requisitos normativos. Inicialmente foram analisadas as propriedades físicas das matérias primas e dos componentes das faces e do núcleo. A placa de fibrocimento que compôs as faces foi analisada por ensaios físicos, mecânicos e térmico. Os resultados das propriedades foram comparados com referências normativas e de empresas que fabricam e avaliam produtos de fibrocimento similares. Para a produção dos painéis aglomerados de partículas que formaram os núcleos utilizou-se a fibra da casca de coco verde, Cocos nucifera, em substituição parcial as partículas de madeira pinus, Pinus sp., na proporção de 30 % e 70% respectivamente. O adesivo utilizado nos painéis de subprodutos da agroindústria foi a resina poliuretana bicomponente à base de óleo de mamona. Foram produzidos e avaliados painéis com três densidades, sendo 350 kg/m3 (baixa), 600 kg/m3 (média) e 850 Kg/m3 (alta). Os painéis de partículas foram avaliados por ensaios físicos, mecânicos e térmico. Como parâmetro de comparação de resultados um painel comercial de média densidade MDP foi avaliado da mesma forma. Os resultados dos testes de todos componentes e dos painéis sanduíches produzidos, foram comparados e analisados em atendimento às normas que os regem e com produtos comercializados nos setores da construção civil. A partir dos resultados concluiu-se que os painéis sanduíche com núcleo de subprodutos da agroindústria apresentaram propriedades similares ao painel sanduíche com núcleo de MDP comercial e aos painéis sanduíche de vedação produzido por empresas da indústria da construção civil. O estudo demonstrou a potencialidade técnica da possível aplicação do painel sanduíche como componente ou elemento em sistemas construtivos na construção civil. / The present work proposes the study of sandwich panel performance formed by homogeneous particleboard panels of green coconut shell fibers and pinus wood particles, coated with nonasbestos cement flat sheets in order to produce a composite with associated properties. The sandwich panel was evaluated by physical and mechanical tests. The physical test determined the density mean of each treatment, and the mechanical test obtained the sandwich panels face and core tensions, thermally was evaluated by analytical equations and analyzed by standards requirements. Firstly, the physical properties of the raw materials of the facings and cores were analyzed according to the standard requirements. The fiber cement board that composed the faces was tested in physical, mechanical and thermal tests. The results of the properties tested were compared with references of technical standards and manufactured similar industrial products in accordance with current standards for cementitious products. For the production of the panels, the fiber of the green coconut shell, Cocos nucifera, was used in partial substitution of the pine wood particles, Pinus sp., in the proportion of 30% and 70% respectively. The adhesive used in the panels of agro-industry by-products was the bicomponent resin based on castor oil. Panels with densities ranging from low 350 kg/m3, medium 600 kg/m3 and high 850 kg/m3 were produced. The particleboards were evaluated by mechanical, physical and thermal tests. As a parameter of comparison of results a MDP medium density commercial panel (density between 551 Kg/m3 and 750 kg/m3) was tested in the same conditions. The results of the tests of all constituent components and the sandwich panels and were compared and analyzed in compliance with the current standards and commercial products market in the construction sectors. The results concluded that the sandwich panel particleboard core made by-products of agro-industry presented similar properties of the sandwich panel of commercial MDP core and those from construction industrial products. The study demonstrated that the technical capability of the possible application of the sandwich panel as a component or element in constructive systems of the civil construction.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wladimir Capelo Magalhaes.pdf: 18102197 bytes, checksum: dd9b04e84d048e366196fe8ec020eed2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of steel structures as building system in multistory buildings is growing every year in Brazil. This evolution, though still slow compared to other countries, is possible thanks to the characteristics of steel and the manufacturing process and production of steel structures. This research paper presents an analysis the use of steel structures in multistory buildings constructed in Sao Paulo in the last 20 years, showing how the use of metal structures was essential to solve the specific problems of each challenge. For this it was essential to understand how metal structures historically evolved since the eighteenth century. From this historical survey, it was possible to establish a series of conditions in the specific use of steel structures that provided its evolution. In addition, there was a survey about the steel industry in Brazil, with an overview of their production, properties, advantages and limitations in order to understand how these characteristics are reflected in the construction of multistory buildings. In the project analysis, seven works were chosen in São Paulo who used the apparent steel structure as the main construction system so that the design adopted confirm structural solutions proposed by architects. To support the analysis, were considered graphics, photos, interviews and three-dimensional electronic models that facilitate the understanding of the structure and elucidate the importance of the use of metal structures. With the results, it was possible to define a set of constraints and determinants of the use of steel in construction that must be considered in the development of architectural design. / O uso das estruturas metálicas como sistema construtivo nas edificações de múltiplos andares vem crescendo a cada ano no Brasil. Essa evolução, embora ainda lenta em comparação a outros países, se dá graças a uma série de características próprias do aço e do processo de fabricação e de produção das estruturas metálicas. Esse trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma análise do uso das estruturas em aço no projeto de edifícios de múltiplos andares construídos em São Paulo nos últimos 20 anos, evidenciando como o emprego das estruturas metálicas foi essencial para resolver os problemas projetuais específicos de cada obra apresentada. Para isso, foi fundamental compreender como as estruturas metálicas evoluíram historicamente na construção civil desde o século XVIII, pois a partir desse levantamento histórico, foi possível pontuar uma série de condicionantes do uso das estruturas em aço que proporcionaram a sua evolução como sistema construtivo na forma como se apresenta hoje. Além disso, foi realizado um levantamento a respeito da indústria do aço no Brasil, traçando um panorama da sua produção, propriedades, vantagens e limitações a fim de compreender como essas características se refletem nos condicionantes e determinantes do aço na construção de edifícios de múltiplos andares. Como metodologia de análise, foram escolhidas sete obras na cidade de São Paulo que utilizaram a estrutura metálica aparente em aço como principal sistema construtivo, de forma que a linguagem adotada evidenciasse as soluções estruturais propostas pelos arquitetos. Para apoiar a análise, foram considerados desenhos, fotos, entrevistas e maquetes eletrônicas tridimensionais que facilitassem a compreensão da estrutura e elucidassem a importância do emprego das estruturas metálicas. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível definir um conjunto de condicionantes e determinantes do uso do aço que deve ser considerado no desenvolvimento do projeto arquitetônico.

edited by Albert G. H. Dietz [and] Laurence S. Cutler. / Papers selected from 2 M.I.T. special summer sessions: Aug. 18-29, 1969 and June 16-20, 1970. / Bibliography: p. [253]-[255]

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma avaliação dos sistemas construtivos de casas de madeira baseadas no sistema Light Wood Frame, aplicados na região de Curitiba, Paraná. Foram realizadas entrevistas com empresas que utilizam o sistema construtivo Light Wood Frame. Foi utilizado um questionário com perguntas diretas e questões abertas relativas à produção, recursos materiais e tempo de produção. A conclusão foi de que o uso de madeira em tecnologia de construção de habitação é uma solução adequada e que o sistema Light Wood Frame é uma alternativa construtiva eco-eficiente, porque otimiza processos construtivos, utiliza-se de materiais recicláveis e/ou renováveis, e diminui desperdícios na obra, fornecendo soluções para problemas relacionados com a eficiência energética, sustentabilidade e habitação limpa no Brasil. Para um bom desempenho na aplicação de madeira para construção de moradias tornar-se uma realidade, a produção brasileira no sistema precisa ser submetida à normalização e regulamentos, para aumentar a produtividade dos sistemas existentes e incentivar a construção em madeira no Brasil. / The present study aims to conduct an assessment of building systems of wooden houses based in Light Wood Frame system, applied in Curitiba, Paraná. Interviews were conducted with companies that use system constructive Light Wood Frame in Brazil, more specifically in the region of Curitiba, Paraná. It was used a questionnaire with direct questions and open questions concerning production, material resources and production time. The conclusion was that the use of wood in housing construction technology is an appropriate solution and the system Light Wood Frame is a constructive alternative eco-efficient, because provides solutions to problems related to energy efficiency, sustainability and clean housing in Brazil. To a good performance in use of wood for houses to become a reality, the Brazilian production system needs to be submitted for standardization and regulations to increase the productivity of existing systems.

No description available.