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Effects of four soil materials in copper mine tailing disposal berms on total fiber, total protein, and amino acid content in pasture forage from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend Lam.)Amaugo, Godwin Okoro, 1942- January 1973 (has links)
No description available.
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The impact of tourism on the physical environment of third world countries : a case study of Negril, JamaicaKauls, Angela L. January 1986 (has links)
Unplanned and rapid growth of tourism can be perilous to the natural and socio-cultural environment of communities and regions. Unplanned tourism can destroy the unique landscapes upon which it depends. This problem is particularly severe in third world nations which are hosting a new generation of tourism in hopes of economic survival.This paper presents a case study which supports the above contentions by identifying changes that have taken place in Negril, Jamaica, through a discussion of the causes and effects of rapid, poorly planned tourism development in that town. This provides the basic framework within which the author raises questions suggest ideas to promote more appropriate and culturally and sensitive changes in present land use policies in the city of Negril. / Department of Landscape Architecture
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Pressurised membrane bioreactor treatment of an inhibitory petrochemical wastewaterMale, Paul C 03 January 2007 (has links)
Please read the abstract in the section front of this document / Dissertation (M Eng (Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted
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The development of the rural economy in China and its impact on the environment since 1978: a case study ofSichuan and GuangdongWong, Chin-yee., 黃靜儀. January 2002 (has links)
published_or_final_version / China Area Studies / Master / Master of Arts
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A study of the impact of environmental issues after China's entry intothe world trade organization袁縕思, Yuen, Wan-sze, Cissie. January 2008 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Geography / Master / Master of Arts in China Development Studies
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Methods and environmental factors in the production of thorium from vein depositsCummings, Robert Adams January 1979 (has links)
No description available.
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The value of clean manufacturing strategies for manufacturing management under the influence of environmental policyBiehl, Markus 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Towards improved corporate social and environmental reporting in South Africa.Mitchell, Clyde Geoffrey. January 2007 (has links)
This thesis contributes towards improving corporate social and environmental
reporting (CSR) in South Africa, by determining what about CSR would need to be
and could be improved. The sources of information for this were twofold. A
comprehensive literature review, besides providing the background to the study,
determined what specific criticisms have been levied against existing CSR disclosure
and CSR systems. This thesis argued that many of these limitations arise out of the
many primarily rule-based systems in existence and use, and that CSR should rather
be based on sound fundamental principles and a conceptual framework, and be an
enforceable standard i.e. with legal backing to ensure compliance. The second source
of information on possible areas of improvement was from the users and or the
stakeholders. In Part I of the thesis, these users or stakeholders were surveyed to
determine which areas of reporting were important, and which needed to be better
reported. What was important was that significant expectation gaps were found in
CSR specifically regarding reporting the impacts on employees, the public and
consumers and the physical and biotic environment. This provided evidence for the
need for improvements in actual reporting in these traditional CSR areas, and hence
il, .
justification for the work ofthis thesis.
Having identified areas of weakness and potential improvement in current CSR, an
analysis was required to be performed to determine how these areas could be better
reported. An assessment would need to be made if in fact these areas could be
measured (and hence reported), which was undertaken in Part 2 of the thesis. The
thesis revealed the need for improved CSR, and a greater degree of accountability and
transparency by business that improved CSR could provide. It was argued that
reporting, other than financial, which includes CSR should be prepared using a
conceptual framework of principles, similar to that used in financial reporting, and
thus a principle-based approach to CSR should be used as opposed to a rule based
one. It was noted that such a principle-based approach would address many of the
qualitative criticisms levelled against CSR practices, and current rule based systems.
Using a systems based approach, a framework of interactions and impacts caused by
businesses on social and physical systems was developed, which was used as the basis
for a suggested CSR model. The model was validated using a peer and expert review process, and by comparison to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), which was used
to represent international and South African best practice. However, it was noted that
potential measurement difficulties would be encountered if the proposed model were
used.
It would also need to be determined what practical barriers would exist to
implementingthese CSR models in business, which was the objective of Part 3 of this
thesis. When the practical implementation of a comprehensive CSR system was
evaluated in industry, both the proposed model and the GRI were considered.
An important part ofthe measuring process was noted to be company risk assessment,
often undertaken by the company's insurers. Where environmental impacts, health
and safety, or other potential impacts (e.g. accidents or spills in the transport industry
having significant impacts on other road users), were noted to be a significant risk,
measurement systems and control procedures had been put in place by most
companies. Perhaps the most significant part of risk, besides the potential loss in
earning capacity, is potential litigation. Common law litigation would encourage
companies to monitor and protect the health of their workers and consumers.
Legislation e.g. National Environmental Management Act and Air Quality Act, would
encourage companies to monitor their environmental impacts. Thus a combination of
risk and legislation encourages monitoring and measurement. The findings of the third
part of the thesis suggest that increased pressure should be placed on companies to
become IS014001 certified as this would facilitate increased CSR reporting, however,
this in itself is unlikely to occur unless increased pressure is placed on companies by
(legal of customer). The author suggests that IS014001 certification would be more
effective in ensuring environmental protection, than simple CSR disclosure.
Significant challenges exist to the possible implementation of many of the key areas
identified in the proposed CSR model (specifically where measurement problems
exist), and no companies were found to be in a position to report on these aspects
comprehensively.
The findings of this thesis include that existing legislation and financial imperatives
influenced measurement and recording of certain impacts and influences. At the same time, many managers suggested that lack of financial (and other resources), as well as
the absence of legal requirements were some of the reasons why other impacts and
influences were not measured. Thus it could be concluded that legislation enforcing
CSR, together with financial incentives (or penalties for failure to meet such
standards), could play a significant role in improving CSR in South Africa. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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Title A management accounting strategy for mining rehabilitationBeukes, Cecilia Johanna 19 January 2007 (has links)
Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document Copyright 1999, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Beukes, CJ 1999, A management accounting strategy for mining rehabilitation , DCom thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd- 01192007-131232/ > H110/th / Thesis (D Com (Accounting Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Accounting / unrestricted
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Development of integrated biological processing for the biodesalination of sulphate- and metal-rich wastewatersBoshoff, Genevieve Ann January 1999 (has links)
The substantial pollution threat to the South African environment from acid mine drainage (AMD) effluents has been well documented. Due to the juvenile nature of acidity in these flows, any remediation strategies implemented will need to function effectively and at low cost for long periods of time. The widespread use of sulphate reducing biological systems for the treatment of such effluents, and in particular large volume flows, has been limited. The supply of inexpensive electron donor and carbon sources, as well as appropriate reactor designs capable of handling large volume flows, have been identified as among the principal factors limiting development of this technology. The broad aim of the research programme reported here was to undertake an evaluation of the feasibility of an algal-bacterial integrated ponding system for the treatment of AMD, and the waste stabilisation pond (WSP) as an appropriate reactor design for this application. The study attempted to demonstrate the feasibility of individual unit operations in a proposed process train using complex organic carbon serving as the electron donor source for the sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). Studies were undertaken as laboratory and pilot-scale investigations. Tannery effluent was shown to be a functional carbon source for biological sulphate reduction, with effective removal of sulphate and organics being recorded. In turn, the use of biological sulphate reduction for the treatment of tannery effluent was demonstrated. Algal biomass was shown in laboratory studies to function as an effective carbon source for biological sulphate reduction. It is known that micro-algae produce large quantities of photosynthate which is released to the growth medium under conditions of physiological stress. The potential for the use of photosynthate production in high rate algal ponding systems and its manipulation and use as a sustainable carbon source for sulphate reduction was investigated. Growth of a mixed culture of Dunaliella under conditions of light, temperature and salinity stress demonstrated production of large quantities of organic carbon. However, growth was inhibited at high temperatures. An elevation of salinity levels led to a decrease in growth of Dunaliella, but to increased organic carbon production. Spirulina spp., on the other hand, grew well at higher temperatures but showed the highest organic carbon production, and release to the medium, under low light conditions. These results led to a proposed process for the integration of algal ponding into an integrated system for the treatment of AMD. The algal biomass may be fed into the anaerobic digester as a carbon source, or it may be passed into a High Rate Algal Pond (HRAP) where it is stressed to enhance the organic carbon content. This can then be fed into the anaerobic digester as a carbon source. The impact of high levels of sulphide in the water feeding to the algal growth compartment was investigated. Spirulina spp. isolated from a tannery waste stabilisation pond was shown to be a sulphidophilic strain of cyanobacterium, capable of being adapted to high concentrations of sulphide. Dunaliella salina on the other hand was less tolerant. These results demonstrated the practical use of algal biomass providing an oxygen-rich cap for odour control on the surface of the facultative pond as well for the secondary treatment of sulphide-rich overflow to the High Rate Algal Pond. The ability of micro-algae to elevate the pH of their surrounding environment was evaluated as a functional precipitant and neutralisation reagent for acidic metal containing wastewater. Spirulina spp. was shown to perform effectively. D. salina was less functional in this environment. Anacystis spp. was effective in elevating the pH of a defined medium as well as a zinc-rich effluent. These results indicated the practicality of a neutralising function for algal ponds in the treatment of AMD. Metal removal in the system was found to be a combined function of sulphide precipitation, removal by binding to micro-algal biomass and extracellular polymeric substances. The feasibility of waste stabilisation ponding technology use for the treatment of large volume AMD effluents was provisionally demonstrated. It was shown that complex carbon sources would be used as efficient electron donors for sulphate reduction. The integration of algal ponding into the system provides for the generation of a sustainable carbon source, odour control with the recycling of oxygen-rich water onto the top of the facultative pond, secondary treatment of the anaerobic digester overflow, and the neutralisation of the incoming acidic effluents and removal of heavy metals. Integration of the individual unit operations, the feasibility of which has been provisionally demonstrated in this study, into a continuous process train is being investigated in follow-upstudies.
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