This thesis addresses issues of the Niger Delta question which represents one of the most intractable sources of socio-political destabilization in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study is on the intricate dynamics amongst the Nigerian state, the transnational oi l corporations, the oil producing communities and the insurgent militia conflict. It investigates and explicates the "paradox of plenty" and the "resource curse", the "absentee government" and "state capture" and the debilitating effects of petroleum politics in Nigeria. The economic exploitation of the Niger Delta region's vast crude oil reserves by transnational oil corporations and government authorities is juxtaposed with the spectre of environmental degradation, human rights violations, and the recurrent rule of impunity. The protracted problems of the Niger Delta region thus, provide us with a pertinent analytical and contextual framework for the study of the dynamics and issues of transparency in other African petro-dollar states. It is argued in this study that the Niger Delta crisis is a conflict of values and fight for resources arising from decades of unacceptable standards of oil exploration and the absentee character of the Nigerian State . By its very nature, the study called for a qualitative approach, supplemented by unstructured interviews using aide memoirs with selected officials, on the basis of their innate knowledge of the subject matter. The legal comparative research method, with a historic component also played an integral role in this study. Some key findings and conclusions: 1. The study found that the Niger Delta crisis graduated from mere political agitations for state creation and provision of social amenities to extreme acts of hostage-taking and a twist of violence as a result of treating a major problem affecting the development of the Niger Delta people with levity for too long a period. 2. The study found that the on-going crisis in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria is a conflict of values and fight for resources amongst the oil-bearing people of the Niger Delta, transnational oil corporations and the Nigerian Government. 3. The study established some causal nexus between oil and poverty; oil and corruption; and, oil and human rights abuses. 4. That, the Niger Delta crude oil conflict is essentially a manifestation of state capture and inertia on the part of the Nigerian Government. 5. The study found that the Niger Delta economies are "criminalized" and are often characterized by conditions of anarchy and impunity. And this disorder is embedded in the dynamics of resource extraction, the nature and role of "shadow" state actors, as well as the interplay and patterns of relationships between organized criminal syndicates and the transnational oil corporations in the host communities. The study recommends, inter alia: I. That steps be taken by government to re-define its philosophy of national economic development from a state-driven to citizens-driven philosophy. To this end, Nigeria must seek to develop by developing its citizens, the aggregate of whose satisfactory living conditions should form the criteria for measuring national development. II . That effort must be made to steer the nation towards proper fiscal federalism. The present "food is ready" economy whereby federating units are enslaved to national "cake sharing" instead of value generation, discourages entrepreneurship and sustainable development. It promotes undue dependency on petroleum products, inequity and ethnic distrust. Ill. That Nigeria needs productive resource control, not just development in the sense of house and bridge building. What is needed is a noticeable leap in the standard of living in the Niger Delta. Thus, people and not federal accounts must be the object of improvement. IV. It is recommended that government should ensure robust, independent and co-ordinated oversight of the oil industry including its impact on human rights. V. Transnational oil corporations should undertake full corporate social responsibility and comprehensive assessment of the social and human rights impacts of all oil and gas projects, ensuring that adequate information is provided to affected individuals and communities and that the process is transparent. VI. It is strongly recommended that an Oil Pollution Liability Trust Fund should be established by the Federal Government in concert with oil companies. The fund will be made up of a percentage of tax levied on oil companies and a percentage of earnings of the Federal Government from oil. The fund should be used in ameliorating the conditions of the impacted environment and people. It is hoped that these findings and recommendations will go a long way in the quest for significant environmental and social improvements in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. / Thesis (PhD.(Law) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

M.Sc. / South Africa is a country richly-endowed with natural resources, including huge deposits of chromium and iron ore. Escom, the country's electricity utility, has access to huge amounts of spare generating capacity, which can be exploited to produce value-added products such as stainless steel (Columbus Stainless) and aluminium (Alusaf). These factors, together with the government's stated aim of increasing levels of beneficiation in South Africa, and the needs and requirements of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), mean that the country will embark on other major beneficiation projects in the future ...

闕文莉. / 論文(碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院經濟學系, 1995. / 參考文獻: leaves 68-74. / Que Wenli. / 内容提要 / 鳴謝 / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 鋼鐵工業管理體制的改革 --- p.3 / Chapter 第二節 --- 中國鋼鐵工業的基本情況 --- p.7 / Chapter 第三節 --- 本硏究的目的 --- p.13 / Chapter 第二章 --- 關于中國生產率研究的文獻檢索 --- p.14 / Chapter 第一節 --- 對國營工業技術效率的硏究 --- p.15 / Chapter 第二節 --- 對中國工業配置效率的硏究 --- p.19 / Chapter 第三節 --- 有關中國鋼鐵工業硏究的文獻檢索 --- p.21 / Chapter 第三章 --- 估計方法和數據處理 --- p.24 / Chapter 第一節 --- 函數的定式 --- p.24 / Chapter 第二節 --- 效率變量的說明 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三節 --- 數據處理 --- p.33 / Chapter 第四節 --- 估算結果 --- p.39 / Chapter 第四章 --- 實証分析 --- p.43 / Chapter 第一節 --- 技術效率的增長趨勢 --- p.43 / Chapter 一、 --- 技術效率(Technical Efficiency)水平高低的比較 --- p.44 / Chapter 二、 --- 技術效率的增長趨勢 --- p.46 / Chapter 三、 --- 技術效率的收斂趨勢 --- p.48 / Chapter 第二節 --- 技術效率及工業產出的增長 --- p.50 / Chapter 一、 --- 計算工業產出增長的方法 --- p.51 / Chapter 二、 --- 工業產出的增長狀況 --- p.53 / Chapter 三、 --- 工業產出的增長因素分析 --- p.55 / Chapter 第三節 --- 配置效率的改進 --- p.58 / Chapter 第五章 --- 探討與總結 --- p.63 / Chapter 第一節 --- 探討 --- p.63 / Chapter 第二節 --- 總結 --- p.64 / 統計資料 --- p.67 / 參考文獻 --- p.68 / Chapter 一、 --- 中文部分： --- p.68 / Chapter 二、 --- 英文部分： --- p.71 / 附錄符號說明 --- p.75 / 表格目錄 --- p.77 / Chapter 表1 --- 中國鋼鐵工業的基本情況 --- p.77 / Chapter 表2 --- 統計總節 --- p.78 / Chapter 2.1 --- 地區性數據 --- p.78 / Chapter 2.2 --- 企業性數據 --- p.79 / Chapter 表3 --- 簡單OLS回歸結果 --- p.80 / Chapter 表4 --- 從固定效果模型與隨機效果模型估計而得 --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1 --- 地區性數據 --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2 --- 企業性數據 --- p.82 / Chapter 表5 --- 技術效率的組成 --- p.84 / Chapter 表6 --- 絶對效率水平指數 --- p.84 / Chapter 6.1 --- 各省份的絶對效率水平 --- p.84 / Chapter 6.2 --- 各企業的絶對效率水平 --- p.85 / Chapter 表7 --- 相對效率水平指數 --- p.86 / Chapter 7.1 --- 各省份的相對效率水平 --- p.86 / Chapter 7.2 --- 各企業的相對效率水平 --- p.87 / Chapter 表8 --- 相對效率的變異系數 --- p.88 / Chapter 8.1 --- 相對效率水平的變異系數 --- p.88 / Chapter 8.2 --- 相對效率的地區型態 --- p.88 / Chapter 表9 --- 產出增長的來源 --- p.89 / Chapter 表10 --- 規模收益及單要素生產率的增長 --- p.90 / Chapter 表11 --- 生產要素邊際產量的變異系數 --- p.90

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 1985. / Bibliographical references. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 94 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Ian M. Sheldon, Dept. of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics. Includes bibliographical pdnerences (p. 83-94).

Akademisk avhandling--Handelshögskolan, Gothenburg, Sweden. / Extra t.p., with thesis statement, inserted. Summary in English. Bibliography: p. 409-421.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Field problem. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Helsinki, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-154).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Georgia, 2002. / Directed by Moon-Soo Lee. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 393-415).