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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Physics and Astronomy. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-166). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR29528

Thesis (M.E.E.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Ian Appelbaum, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

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The purpose of this investigation was to attempt to resolve the energy levels of Cs133 that can be excited by inelastic scattering of 14 Mev neutrons.

Typescript. Copies of three papers (2 published), co-authored by the author, in back. Bibliography: leaves 179-186.

Rare earths and copper systems were studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). The use of monochromased synchrotron radiation and improved energy resolution for RIXS made possible to obtain valuable information on the electronic structure in 4f, 5f and 3d systems. Experimental results for rare-earths (Ho, Gd, Cm,U, Np, Pu) were analyzed by atomic multiplet theory based on the Hartree-Fock calculations. The inelastic scattering structures in RIXS spectra at 5d edge of actinides found to be sensitive to actinide oxidation states in different systems. Comparison of experimental and calculated Cm 5d RIXS spectra gave direct information about valency of the 248-curium isotope in oxide. Scientific understanding of processes that control chemical changes of radioactive species from spent fuel is improved by studying interactions of actinide ions (U, Np, Pu) with corroded iron surfaces. RIXS measurements at the actinide 5d edge indicate the reduction of U(VI), Np (V) and Pu (VI) to U(IV), Np(IV) and Pu (IV) by presence of iron ions. This thesis is also addressed to the study of changes in the electronic structure of copper films during interaction with synthetic groundwater solutions. The surface modifications induced by chemical reactions of oxidized 100Å Cu films with Cl−, SO42− and HCO3– ions in aqueous solutions with various concentrations were studied in-situ using XAS. It was shown that the pH value, the concentration of Cl− ion and presence of HCO3– ion in the solutions strongly affect the speed of the corrosion reaction. The Cu 2p RIXS was used to distinguish between the species present on the copper surface while in contact with groundwater solution.

Nuclei near N=90 and Z=64 have recently been suggested to be `tetrahedral-magic'. One of the main signatures for tetrahedral symmetry is a vanishing quadrupole moment in low-lying negative-parity bands, resulting in very weak or even vanishing E2 matrix elements. With N=90 and Z=62, the transitional nucleus 152Sm is a potential candidate for relatively stable tetrahedral symmetry. Its structure was investigated using deuteron inelastic scattering with a 22 MeV polarized beam at the MP tandem Van de Graaff accelerator of the TU/LMU Munich. The scattered deuterons were momentum analyzed using the Q3D spectrometer. The experimental spectra obtained have allowed the extraction of high-quality differential cross-sections and analyzing powers for levels up to 1.8 MeV. The low-lying negative-parity bands are observed to be strongly populated and the angular distributions associated to their levels exhibit several structural features. The overall agreement is relatively good when considering strong intra-band E2 transitions, but further calculations must be performed to allow precise matrix element extraction. In particular, a simple population pathway test on the 1- state has demonstrated that calculations with vanishing E2 transitions in the negative-parity band are also capable of reproducing its experimental angular distributions. Therefore, the presence of tetrahedral symmetry signature in 152Sm is not excluded. / This work has been supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

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We study the small-z limit of the structure functions for deep inelastic scattering in Quantum Chromodynamics. The standard approach to this process, based on the DGLAP equations, runs into difficulties in the small-x region due to the higher order corrections becoming large. As an attempt to overcome these obstacles we reinterpret the small-z limit in terms of high energy asymptotics. The relevant high energy formalism is developed in terms of Reggeon Field Theory, which leads to the BFKL equation for the scattering amplitude. These results are reviewed fully, for completeness. We then apply the resulting formalism to structure functions at small-z to determine the phenomenological implications of this high energy resummation. The DESY electron-proton collider HERA is presently exploring the region of the structure functions for x ≤ 10(^-3), Q(^2) ~ 10 GeV(^2) and the results of these experiments are compared with our theoretical analysis. The structure functions are a very inclusive measurement; so in order to try and focus on some cleaner indication of the BFKL behaviour we then turn to an analysis of dijet production in deep inelastic scattering. The results of the BFKL formalism are compared with standard analysis in terms of the DGLAP equations.