A Dissertation submitted to the faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Medicine in paediatrics. / The aims of this study were to establish the incidence of perinatally and nosocomially acquired bacteraemia and funqaemia as determinad by blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) isolates in the neonatal population seen at the Baraqwanath Neonatal Unit; to identify risk factors for infection and record the outcome. Other aims were to analyze tha susceptibility patterns of the organisms isolated with respect to changing antimicrobial policies and to compare these with previously reported studies. (Abbreviation abstract) / Andrew Chakane 2018

Lui Yat Chi. / Publication date from spine. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-103). / Acknowledgment --- p.1 / Abstract --- p.2 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Review of previous epidemiological studies of congenital abnormalities --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Limitation in comparing data with different studies --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Definition --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Terminology and definition --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The definition of clinical abnormality --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- The current concepts in major and minor anomalies --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- The definition of major and minor anomalies --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Major anomalies and minor anomalies --- p.11 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Subjects and Methodology --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1 --- The introduction of methodology --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Background --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Different Methodologies and their limitations --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methods --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Setting --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Design of the research data recording sheet --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Training --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- "Training in paediatrics, orthopaedic and clinical genetic centre" --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- End of training period --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Data Collection --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Subject selection --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Examination Procedures --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Cross checking of the examination --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Other sources of information --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- Problems in screening --- p.26 / Chapter 3.4 --- Selection of variables --- p.26 / Chapter 3.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.28 / Chapter 4.1 --- Sub-Classification of the newborn infants --- p.28 / Chapter 4.2 --- Weights and Measures --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Result --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Supplement (statistical analysis of Table 4， 5 & 6) --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3 --- The incidence of congenital abnormalities in Newborn Chinese --- p.31 / Chapter 4.4 --- Relationship between incidence of abnormalities and sex --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Result --- p.47 / Chapter 4.5 --- Relationship between incidence of abnormalities and maternal age --- p.53 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Result --- p.53 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Supplement (statistical analysis of Table 19) --- p.54 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Supplement (statistical analysis of Table 21 & 22) --- p.56 / Chapter 4.6 --- Relationship between incidence of abnormalities and parity --- p.58 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Result --- p.58 / Chapter 4.7 --- Relationship between incidence of abnormalities and mode of delivery --- p.59 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Result --- p.59 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Supplement (statistical analysis of Table 23 & 24) --- p.59 / Chapter 4.8 --- Other correlations --- p.62 / Chapter 4.8.1 --- Relationship between incidence of abnormalities and mode of delivery --- p.62 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- Supplement (statistical analysis of Table 25 & 26) --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.65 / Chapter 5.1 --- Comparative prevalence of congenital anomalies among different studies --- p.65 / Chapter 5.2 --- Comparison of incidence of specific major abnormalities in different survey --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3 --- Relationship between abnormalities and different factors --- p.70 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Maternal age --- p.70 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Parity --- p.71 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Mode of delivery --- p.72 / Chapter 5.4 --- Other correlations --- p.72 / Chapter 5.5 --- The prevalence of birth defects among different systems in this survey --- p.72 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Central nervous system --- p.72 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Cardiovascular system --- p.76 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Alimentary system --- p.79 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Musculoskeletal system --- p.81 / Chapter 5.5.4.1 --- Supplement (statistical analysis of Table Y) --- p.82 / Chapter 5.5.5 --- Multiple syndrome --- p.86 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.89 / Chapter 6.1 --- Limitations and Benefits --- p.90 / Chapter 6.2 --- Future direction --- p.92 / References --- p.93 / Appendix --- p.104