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Thesis (MSc. (Statistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Under-Five Mortality (U5M) remains a major health challenge in most sub Saharan African countries including SouthAfrica,despite the significant progress made in child survival and the government’s efforts and commitment to reduce U5M. The failure of achieving the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) by 2015 has led to an implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) which aims to have no more than 25 deaths per 1000 live births by 2030. To achieve this goal, more information is needed. Hence, the purpose of this study was to apply count models to identify the determinants of underfive mortality rate in South Africa. To identify these determinants, the study reviewed generalized linear models and utilised the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey data. The models studied were Logistic Regression (LR), Poisson Regression (PR) and Negative Binomial Regression (NBR). The findings revealed that baby postnatal check-up, child’s health prior discharge, child birth size, toilet facility, maternal education, province, residence and water source were significantly associated with U5M in South Africa. It was further concluded that children who are at high risk of dying before the age of five are those who did not attend their postnatal check-up within the first two months, those whose health was not checked prior discharge, whose birth size was very small, whose household utilised bucket toilets, who resided in Western Cape, North West and Mpumalanga province, who resided in urban areas as well as those whose household utilized piped, tube well and spring water as source of drinking water. / Department of Science and Technology(DST) National Research Foundation Centre of excellence in mathematical and statistical sciences(CoE-NasS) of South Africa.

No / Bradford, in northern England, has attracted migrants since the nineteenth century. The most recent group, from Pakistan, began to arrive in the 1950s. There is now a three-generational Muslim community of Pakistani origin. The interaction of migration, ethnicity and deprivation in Bradford is considered by focusing on infant mortality. This is higher in Bradford than overall UK averages. The highest rates are in babies of first-generation migrant mothers. Migration theory, in particular, macro-economic models explaining choice to migrate, is critically reviewed. In addition to economic factors, family reconstitution is a key motivation for migration. The resulting characteristics of migrants and of the hybrid community they constitute display a complex clustering of risk factors relevant to infant health. An understanding of individual and social characteristics of the migrant community are needed to augment conventional theories of health disadvantage, which do not explain the inequality of life chances evident in this city.

Yes / This chapter will examine issues of social justice by focussing on social exclusion and infant mortality. Infant mortality is defined as the death of a live born child before its first birthday. Social exclusion and infant mortality are both important areas of policy debate in the UK and globally (1).We will examine how far they are linked and will focus on ethnic minority populations with higher than average rates of infant mortality. The chapter continues by considering a small group of women who have experienced the death of an infant and who have come together in a group called HOPE. We ask how their experience might inform our understanding of the needs of women at the time of childbirth and in the weeks immediately following it. Their experiences illuminate how feelings of exclusion, and injustice, can be manifest in and through the structures and processes of engaging with health care professionals. The potential to promote social justice and enhance inclusion via listening to the voices of those who have had this experience of loss is considered