This creative project included the development and testing of infant nutrition aids for low-income and teenage mothers. A survey of sixty three mothers in the Delaware County Well-Child Clinic and the Teenage Mothers' Program of the Muncie Community Schools revealed current infant feeding practices and nutrition knowledge. A teaching unit was developed and included a slide program and script demonstrating infant development, behavior, and nutritional needs. A one week instructional unit included an infant food laboratory, nutrition information, feeding suggestions, and games. Pre and post-tests were administered to determine the effectiveness of the instructional program.

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published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

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La synthese endogene du cholesterol (CH) a ete etudie chez 81 nouveau-nes, ages de 4 mois (BRAS 1) ou de 11 a 12 mois (BRAS2), afin d'evaluer les effets a long terme d'un supplement de CH sur l'homeostasie du CH. BRAS 1 etait compose de 32 nouveau-nes recevant soit du lait humain (HUM) (6M, 7F), une formule a base de lait de vache (VAC) (6M, 3F) contenant 3.5 mg CH/dl, ou une formule a base de lait de vache modifiee (VACM) (6M, 7F) contenant 13.5 mg CH/dl, afin d'evaluer l'effet du supplement sur les taux de synthese du CH. BRAS2 etait compose de 49 autres enfants recevant soit HUM (11M, 6F), VAC (7M, 12F) ou VACM (6M, 7F) jusqu'a l'age de 6 mois dans le but d'evaluer une hypothese d'impression genetique. Ceci a ete realise en utilisant un design "cross-over" et en montant un defi journalier de 250 g de CH a l'age de 11 mois. Le taux d'incorporation de deuterium, provenant des reserves d'eau corporelle, dans la structure du CH a servi comme indice du taux de synthese fractionnel (TSF) de ce dernier sur une periode de 48 heures. Les niveaux de CH total et LDL etaient considerablement eleves dans HUM en comparaison avec VAC et VACM a l'age de 4 mois. La concentration sanguine du CH etait semblable a 11 et 12 mois. Le TSF etait 4 fois plus eleve dans VAC et VACM relatif a HUM, mais il n'y avait pas de difference entre VAC et VACM a 11 et 12 mois. Cependant, les TSF de 4 a 12 mois ont augmente dans HUM et baisse dans VAC et VACM. Nos resultats indiquent qu'independamment du contenu des dietes, le defi journalier de CH n'as pas eu d'effet considerable ni sur les taux de synthese, ni sur les niveaux de CH sanguin. Ces resultats appuient l'idee que le CH alimentaire n'a que des effets minimes sur le metabolisme a long terme du CH.

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The fecal flora of healthy bottle or breast-fed infants was examined for the presence of Bifidobacterium. Identification was based on the presence of fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase, which is found only in these bacteria. No bifidobacteria were recovered from bottle-fed infants. However, bifidobacteria were readily isolated from 15 day to 3 month old breast-fed infants. Further characterization revealed B. breve and B. longum were the dominant species in feces of breast-fed infants, but atypical strains also were found. A whey-based medium (7% sweet whey, 0.05% cysteine and 0.3% yeast extract, WCY-0.3) was developed to grow Bifidobacterium species without use of anaerobic incubation conditions. Freshly pasteurized WCY-0.3 was inoculated with 0.2% (10⁶ to 10⁷ CFU/ml) of the following active cultures of bifidobacteria: B. bifidum 15696, B. breve 15700, B. longum 15707, B. breve 15698, B. longum L10, B. longum L12, and B. longum 3j. Following incubation for 12 hours, most strains reached cell densities of 10⁹ to 5 x 10⁹ CFU/ml, except B. bifidum 15696 and B. longum 3j. Addition of Oxyrase to the WCY (WC with any level of yeast extract) at 0.03 unit/ml (WCYO) reduced the lag phase of all strains, allowing maximum populations to be reached more quickly. A higher population density (2 to 7 times) could be achieved in the WCOY-0.3 medium with strains 15696, 15700, 15707, and L10 by incorporating 1.9% sodium glycerophosphate or trimagnesium phosphate with incubation for 12 hours at 37°C. Also, viability of these strains was retained throughout a 24-hour incubation period, in contrast to rapid death of cells grown without the neutralizing agents. Inoculation of WCY-0.3 or WCOY-0.3 medium with frozen concentrates (10⁷ to 10⁸ CFU/ml) of bifidobacteria allowed equal growth of all species, except B. bifidum 15696, which grew much better in WCOY-0.3 than in WCY- 0.3. Survival stability of whey-based medium-grown bifidobacteria when resuspended in pasteurized skim milk and refrigerated at 4°C was strain dependent and enhanced by the presence of 0.05% cysteine; generally ATCC strains were more stable than strains freshly isolated from baby feces. In this regard, B. breve 15700, B. longum 15707, and B. breve 15698 did not lose viability in 11% skim milk with 0.05% cysteine within 10 days of storage. Stability of whey-based medium-grown bifidobacteria in WCY with 15% glycerol during six months storage at -40°C was strain dependent. Bifidobacterium bifidum 15696, B. breve 15700, B. longum 15707, B. breve 15698, and B. longum L12 did not lose viability; however B. bifidum L6 lost about 50% viability, while B. longum L10, B. breve T10, and B. breve T2 lost about one log population density. The plasmid profiles of 35 strains of bifidobacteria from human sources were examined. Only one strain, B. breve 15698, harbored a 5.8Kb plasmid. A curing process using UV-light treatment to remove the plasmid was carried out but characterictics of the cured strain were identical to those of the parent strain, indicating the plasmid is cryptic. / Graduation date: 1991