Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T12:28:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 6.pdf: 926522 bytes, checksum: f6e46b30951c9cffb7632bb9dd259770 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde / As bactérias do gênero Haemophilus, família Pasteutelleaceae têm ainda na espécie influenzae influenzae (Hi)a mais importante nas infecções humanas. Hi, que inclui os sorotipos capsulares (a-f) e os NT é responsável por diversos quadros infecciosos. Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) era um dos principais responsáveis pelos casos de meningites em diversos países do mundo. Estava também associado a outras infecções graves como epiglotite, artrite séptica, bacteremia, pneumonia e septicemia, principalmente em crianças. As doenças associadas ao Hib são preveníveis pela vacina conjugada formada do PRP e uma proteína carreadora, incluída no PNI/MS em agosto de 1999. Após a introdução da vacina conjugada contra o Hib houve redução expressiva das doenças causadas pelo Hib, nos diversos países que introduziram a vacina em seus calendários de imunização, porém, os outros sorotipos, inclusive os HiNT passaram a ser isolados com maior frequência como agente infeccioso de meningites sendo também atualmente um dos principais agentes etiológicos da Otite Média Aguda (OMA), o que o torna alvo de importantes pesquisas para novas vacinas. A colonização desta é fundamental para que ocorra a infecção e, crianças de creches e orfanatos apresentam variáveis taxas desta bactéria. A importância deste estudo continuando uma linha de pesquisa sobre o Hi no INCQS-FIOCRUZ, com ênfase no estudo de cepas isoladas após a implantação da vacina está associada à necessidade de verificar a situação de portadores, em uma população fechada (creche) para contribuir com o conhecimento da situação do Hi após treze anos da introdução da vacina conjugada contra o Hib no Brasil, que reduziu, mas não impediu a ocorrência da doença. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de Hi em crianças frequentadoras de uma creche em Jacobina, Bahia. Realizou-se coleta de material da nasofaringe de 73 crianças. / The Bacterial genus Haemophilus is inclued in the family Pasteutelleaceae and the influenzae specie (Hi) is the most important in human infections. Hi includes capsular serotypes (a-f) and non-capsulated strains (NT), which are responsible for many infections. Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) has been one of the main cause of meningitis in many countries worldwide. It has been also associated with other severe infections such as epiglottitis, septic arthritis, bacteremia, pneumonia and septicemia, mainly in children. Since 1988 these infections are preventable by Hib conjugate vaccine consisting of PRP and a carrier protein, and it has been included in the national vaccination program (PNI/ MS) in 1999. After the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccine, diseases caused by Hib had significantly decreased in several countries where the vaccine was introduced into their immunization schedules however, other serotypes, including HiNT, has been isolated with greater frequency as agents of infectious meningitis which is currently one of the main etiological agents of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) and the subject of important researches on new vaccines. Colonization is essential to start the infection, and children from daycare centers present variable rates of the bacteria in their nasopharynx. The importance of this study on an ongoing line of research at INCQS-FIOCRUZ with emphasis on the study of strains isolated after the introduction of the vaccine, is associated with the monitor of carriers in a closed population (daycare) to contribute to the knowledge of the circulation of Hi after thirteen years using conjugate vaccine against Hib in Brazil, which reduced but did not prevent the occurrence of the disease. The main objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of Hi in children attending a daycare center in Jacobina, Bahia. For the study we collected material from the nasopharynx of 73 children. We found a colonization rate of 78.08% and all isolates were classified as HiNT. Biotype III was the most prevalent. The study of antimicrobial susceptibility showed ampicillin-resistant strains producing and non-producing β-lactamase. We also observed high rates of resistance to ampicillin (41.8%) and trimethoprim+sulfametoxazol (67.2%). The gene blaTEM, which is primarily responsible for ampicillin resistance was found in 81.8% of the strains. The blaROB gene, was not observed among the strains analyzed. The PBP3 gene of βLNAR samples was sequenced and changes were observed, the major changes were in positions 547V → 547I found in three samples, 422N→ 422S and 273S→ 273F. Strain susceptibility was evaluated against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, rifampicin, chloranphenicol and were susceptible. This study confirms the efficacy of the vaccine against Hib and points to the relevance to vigilance HiNT, as presented high percentage of colonization and resistance to some antimicrobials.