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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A influ?ncia da recompensa e da experi?ncia na discrimina??o visual simult?nea em sag?i comum (Callithrix jacchus)

Lima, Taulli Braga 27 September 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TaulliBL_DISSERT.pdf: 1150500 bytes, checksum: b3e29a8f79cd73bc29681007aa790d27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The discrimination learning is assessed through instrumental tasks in which the individual is rewarded for choosing one item over another. Thus, in concurrent visual discrimination of objects the animal must learn that only one of the objects will be rewarded. The concurrent visual discrimination is relatively simple, and already been observed Callithrix jacchus is able to accomplish this task. As yet wasn't seen the influence of the qualitative aspects of the rewards, in the performance of concurrent visual discrimination of objects in nonhuman primates, and as in most tests are used isolated animals, the present study had two stages: at first we had as objective to analyze the influence of the caloric value of the reward on the performance in concurrent visual discrimination of objects in isolated animals; in the second, we had the intention analyze performance of C. jacchus in realization of discrimination task in different social contexts, as well as, analyze the influence of previous experience in task performance. In the first stage (Study 1), the animals were not able to discriminate foods that presented small caloric differences . This incapacity in discriminates the rewards was responsible by generating randomness in task of concurrent visual discrimination of objects. In the second stage (Study 2), observed that, independent of social context in which the task was presented, the performance both of the experienced animals as the inexperienced animals tended to randomness. In the first case, is likely that the pattern of responses of the experienced animals is a reflection of their own performance when they were observed in isolation. In the second case, in turn, the randomness was probably due to the small number of sessions. Although present a pattern of performance similar to inexperienced individuals, we verify that the experienced animals monopolize the food consumption when they were in the presence of inexperienced individuals. This was a consequence of the experienced animals have presented lower latency the approximation of apparatus and, consequently, obtain more food. In turn, the inexperienced animals, when were in the presence of experienced, had to adopt alternative strategies to obtain food. Thus, C. jacchus is able to use the previous information he had about the task of solving their own benefit. / A aprendizagem discriminat?ria ? analisada atrav?s de tarefas instrumentais nas quais o indiv?duo ? recompensado por escolher um item ao inv?s de outro. Desse modo, na discrimina??o visual simult?nea de objetos o animal deve aprender que somente um dos objetos ser? recompensado. A discrimina??o visual simult?nea ? relativamente simples, e j? foi observado que Callithrix jacchus ? capaz de realizar essa tarefa. Como ainda n?o foi verificada a influ?ncia dos aspectos qualitativos das recompensas no desempenho da discrimina??o visual simult?nea de objetos em primatas n?o-humanos, e como na maioria dos testes s?o utilizados animais isolados, o presente trabalho apresentou duas etapas: na primeira tivemos como objetivo analisar a influ?ncia do valor cal?rico da recompensa sobre o desempenho na discrimina??o visual simult?nea de objetos em animais isolados; na segunda, tivemos o intuito analisar o desempenho de C. jacchus na realiza??o da tarefa discriminat?ria em diferentes contextos sociais, assim como, analisar a influ?ncia da experi?ncia anterior no desempenho da tarefa. Na primeira etapa (Estudo 1), os animais n?o foram capazes de discriminar os alimentos que apresentavam pequenas diferen?as cal?ricas. Essa incapacidade em discriminar as recompensas foi respons?vel por gerar aleatoriedade na tarefa de discrimina??o visual simult?nea de objetos. Na segunda etapa (Estudo 2), observamos que, independente do contexto social no qual a tarefa foi apresentada, o desempenho tanto dos animais experientes quanto dos animais inexperientes tendeu a aleatoriedade. No primeiro caso, ? prov?vel que o padr?o de respostas dos animais experientes seja um reflexo do seu pr?prio desempenho quando foram observados isoladamente. No segundo caso, por sua vez, a aleatoriedade foi devida provavelmente ao pequeno n?mero de sess?es. Apesar de apresentar padr?o de desempenho semelhante aos indiv?duos inexperientes, n?s verificamos que os animais experientes monopolizaram o consumo do alimento quando estavam na presen?a de indiv?duos inexperientes. Isso foi uma consequ?ncia dos animais experientes terem apresentado menor lat?ncia de aproxima??o do aparato e, consequentemente, obterem mais alimento. Por sua vez, os animais inexperientes, quando estavam na presen?a de experientes, tiveram que adotar estrat?gias alternativas para obter o alimento. Desse modo, C. jacchus ? capaz de utilizar a informa??o anterior que tinha sobre a resolu??o da tarefa em benef?cio pr?prio.

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