This thesis analyzes the estimation procedures and policy implications of an underground economy. In completing this task, we reviewed the techniques developed by Gutmann, Ferge, Tanzi, and others. Further attention was also given to the estimation processes, such as the survey approaches, used by various governments. / In analyzing the policy implications of an underground economy, we examined the effects of fiscal and monetary policy, the aggregate statistics, the exchange rate, and other equally important indicators. We concluded that the consequences of a large and growing submerged sector can be devastating to the economic variables. / Finally, this paper attempts to examine the Canadian underground economy. However, since the studies performed on the Canadian underground economy are limited, the task of both reviewing the literature, and determining the Canadian policy implications was perplexing. We concluded that there is a definite need for further study of the Canadian hidden sector.

No description available.

M.Com. / The informal sector in Southern Africa has in recent years became a subject of interest, debate and focus to academics, policy makers and business people alike. This mainly stems from the sector's job creation potential, its use as a distribution channel for consumer goods and its role as a first step in the promotion of entrepreneurship and free enterprise. Informal enterprises however are faced with a number of constraints and problems. These include legal constraints, a lack of management skills, a limited access to raw materials and suppliers as well as marketing limitations. begun to Notwithstanding the increasing number of that have stated problems, there has been an development agencies and organizations provide loan finance to informal enterprises evaluate the in recent years. However, little has been done to effectiveness of such loan finance. The objective informal of this study is to ascertain the extent to which enterprises effectively use loan finance to increase earnings and returns to owners. The study looks into various approaches of defining the informal sector and focuses on the dualistic model, its characteristics and shortcomings. A definition of the informal sector is then formulated from various other definitions. The study also defines financial leverage and looks into the constraints of informal enterprises to employ financial leverage due to their limited access to formal institutional finance. Informal sources of funding such as "stokvels", burial societies, "mashonisas" etc. are also discussed.

Thesis (Honors)--College of William and Mary, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-125). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (doctoral)--Freie Universität Berlin. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 323-340).

Thesis (M. Inst. Agrar.(Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--California State University, 1985. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-43).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Bremen, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-125).

Thesis (M.Inst.Agrar.)(Agricultural Economics)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

In spite of the fact that informal traders in the informal economy are viewed as having the greatest prospects for creating jobs and absorbing the unemployed in developing countries, informal traders in Limpopo Province in general, and the city of Polokwane in particular, face various constraints that negatively affect them on a daily basis. The aim of the study has been to explore the constraints and opportunities of informal traders, using the city of Polokwane as a case study. The study has attempted to identify and describe constraints that affect informal traders in the Polokwane city, as well as factors that can enhance their development and growth. The study is exploratory, descriptive and qualitative in nature. Semi-structured faceto-face interviews were conducted to gather data. Findings of the study suggest that the government should improve the effectiveness of its support mechanisms by initiating targeted support programmes specifically tailored for informal traders at the survivalist level.