The brushless DC (BLDC) motor is a crucial component of our modern society and exists in a number of everyday items. It is an evolution of the conventional brushed DC motor. It has several advantages compared to the brushed DC motor including less maintenance and better control and precision of the rotary displacement. The goal of this project is to construct a BLDC motor made by 3D printed plastic parts and a control system using Arduinos. The purpose of the motor is that it will be used to demonstrate its functions and to educate engineering students at Uppsala University in electrical propulsion systems. Therefore the motor is designed with educative purposes and it is supposed to be easily controlled by an operator with clear indications of the internal workings. The finished motor consists of a stator which holds six electromagnets placed equally distanced from each other that makes up the tree different phases. In the middle of the stator a rotor is placed which holds four poles of permanent magnets with different polarity. The position of the rotor is determined and controlled by placing three equally distanced hall sensors in the stator. The signals from the hall sensors is sent to the Arduinos which in turn control the polarity of the electromagnets and make the motor rotate. The control system is contained in a plastic box with controls for different modes available for the operator and also indications of the position of the rotor and polarity of the electromagnets.

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This study is a result of master’s thesis in renewable engineering at Halmstad during spring term 2019.    The main contribution of the present work focuses on the development of a significant approach to identify best possible surfaces finish strategy in terms of solar battery charging. The aim of the thesis was to analyze, compare different battery charging method and implement PV cell system to run oil pump. I would like to emphasize my thanks Professor Jonny Hylander for his support guidance, opportunely posed questions that raised new lines of thought and motive to get good work on the thesis.     I would like to emphasis sincere thanks and gratitude to Mei Gong to guide throughout the thesis and support during urgent need.    I am grateful to other dissertation committee members for enlightening and inspiring discussion and their advice provided us guidelines in difficult times.    I would like as a final word of appreciation to thank the people of masters and research group at Halmstad University for their thoughtful comments and suggestion, which continually improve the quality of the dissertation

Detta examensarbete har genomförts i samarbete med Arvika Teknik AB. Rapporten undersöker två bostadsområden i Arvika lokalnät, där syftet är att ge vägledning om framtidens energibehov för elbilar samt om solceller kan hjälpa till och minska effekttoppar. Rapporten visar på att lokalnät i vissa fall har stora effektutrymmen som kan användas till laddning av elbilar. Ytterligare visas att solceller endast kan ha en marginell inverkan på effekttoppar. Utmaningarna för nätbolagen innefattar många andra faktorer än de som berörs i denna rapport. Rapporten ger viss vägledning men mycket arbete återstår. Problem med elbilsladdning kommer inte komma de närmaste åren men på sikt kommer det vara viktigt att utveckla metoder att styra elbilsladdningen. / This bachelor thesis is collaborated with Arvika Teknik AB. It’s an analyse of two local grids in Arvika. The purpose is providing guidance of future energy needs for charging of electric vehicles and whether photovoltaics is able to reduce power peaks. The report shows that some local grids have good capabilities to meet future power demand from charging electric vehicles. This thesis also shows that photovoltaics potentially has a fringe possibility to cut current power peaks. There are many more challenges for network operators than what is referred to here. Hence the report gives some guidance, but more research is needed. For both areas investigated, problems due to power shortages related to charging electric vehicles will not occur in the next few years. But as the number of electric vehicles rises it will be important to find methods to distribute the charging sessions.

This thesis investigates the possibility to automate testing of PCBs with a sensor system.  This PCB testing is today done manually by placing PCBs in a test fixture that determines its condition. This test requires an operator to wait for the test to complete and then place the PCB in the correct section. If this process can be automated time could be saved and the risk of mishandling PCBs could be reduced. A sensors system is made that consists of an Arduino with micro switches, hall effect sensors, a scanner and a LiDAR. The sensor system is designed to achieve a set of requirements that is needed for automation. The sensor system is meant to communicate with a robot that moves the PCBs within a test environment. This test environment is also designed in this project. For the system to communicate with a robot a program is made to inform the robot about placement of PCBs within the test environment. The final system is able to achieve the requirements set for automation but further investigation is needed to make this into a fully scaled automated system.

Autonomous vehicles are already being produced today and it is a market on the up rice. To ensure a safe drive for heavy autonomous vehicles, it’s vital that faults are handled automatically. Critical errors have previously been handled by the vehicle's driver. An attractive way to ensure automatic handling of faults is an autonomous vehicle constructed with several redundant systems. The aim of this project has been to investigate the expansion of Scania's current 24-volt power supply system. The redundant power supply is supposed to power a control unit wich has sufficient functionality to stop the vehicle safely. Two different redundant battery systems have been designed and adapted for Scania's existing electrical power supply system. DC/DC converters are designed to regulate the voltage levels of the two different redundant battery systems. One battery system is designed as an inactive backup system and the other battery system is designed as an active backup system. The goal of the project has been to test and evaluate the differences between these systems. The focus has been on the big difference between the systems, which is the transition between primary and redundant power supply.

In this thesis an electrocardiography (ECG) prototype is developed that wireless transfer the ECG measurements to an Android smartphone. The prototype consist of two printed circuit boards (PCBs), an Android smartphone and an automatically tunable notch filter. The first PCB is intended for performing ECG measurements using three electrodes placed on a body and transferring the ECG data to thesecond PCB wireless via ultra-wideband (UWB). The second PCB is used to receive the ECG data via UWB communications and then transfer it to the Android smartphone through a USB cable. An automatically tunable notch filter is implemented to remove the 50 Hz power lineinterference in the ECG measurement data. And finally, an Android application is developed to display the ECG data to the user in realtime. The finished prototype is tested and shown to be successful. The ECG measurements can be transmitted from the transmitting to the receiving PCB over UWB and then displayed graphically in real-time on an Android smartphone. The automatically tunable notch filter is simulated and shown to able to remove power line interference.

More climate aware alternatives are explored and one of them is electric aircraft engines. As a transition between combustion to electric motor, hybrid engines have the positive characteristics of the two engine alternatives. But it also comes with new obstacles that more research is needed on. The University if Juiz de Fora works on a test bench for all components that sit on the hybrid plane's powertrain. In this project, the electric motor is in focus and a simulation will be created.

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Eftersom Valmet inte har någon metod för att testa styrsystemen för transportörerna de levererar med sina balningslinjer går mycket tid åt till att felsöka på plats. De söker därför en metod som gör det möjligt att simulera styrsystemen för att hitta och lösa fel innan leverans. Tryckt litteratur och artiklar publicerade i vetenskapliga journaler har varit grunden till den studie som utförts under arbetet. Ett tillhandahållet styrsystem innehållande en typ av transportör har studerats för att få förståelse för dess funktion. För att simulera krävs en modell som representerar och uppför sig som systemet i fråga. Om simuleringen ska vara användbar måste modellen vara tillräckligt exakt. En väl fungerande simulering är till väldigt stor fördel då denna kan förhindra förseningar, ge bättre arbetsvillkor, spara pengar och öka säkerheten. Utifrån arbetets mål togs ett koncept fram för simuleringen av styrsystemet. Det framtagna konceptet skriver över värdena av de fysiska ingångarna innan de går in i styrlogiken. Varje transportör simuleras enskilt där de har en funktion som sparar positionen för de virtuella massabalarna på det egna bandet. Simuleringen visualiseras via ett HMI där balarnas förflyttning kan följas. Det framtagna konceptet visade sig fungera bra för att simulera det tillhandahållna styrsystemet. Stora delar kan med säkerhet återanvändas för andra typer av transportörer. Huruvida konceptet faktiskt kan hitta fel i styrsystem är däremot inte fastställt, men högst sannolikt. Slutsatsen som kan dras av det framtagna konceptet är att det har god potential för att simulera verkliga styrsystem om det vidareutvecklas, varigenom uppstartstiden kan förkortas. / Valmet do not have a method for testing the functionality of the control systems for the conveyors they deliver with their baling lines, as a result a lot of time is spent troubleshooting on site. They therefore seek a method which allows them to simulate these control systems to find and fix any faults in the code before delivery. Printed literature and articles published in scientific journals have been the foundation to the conducted study presented in this report. A code for a control system was provided and studied to gain understanding of its functionality. To simulate, a model which represents and behaves like the system to be simulated is required. If the simulation is to useful the model must be a sufficiently accurate representation of reality. A simulation has many advantages, it can prevent delays, save money, improve working conditions and safety. A concept for simulating this control system was developed during this thesis work. The concept overwrites the values of the physical sensors before the control logic. Every conveyor is simulated individually. The simulation has a function which saves the position of the virtual bale along the conveyor. The simulation is visualized in an HMI where the movement of the bales can be followed. The concept showed to worked very well to simulate the provided code. A large amount of the simulation should be possible to reuse when simulating other types of conveyors. Whether the concept will be able to detect faults in the code are though not confirmed, but most likely. The conclusion that can be drawn from the developed concept is that it has potential to simulate this type of control system if it is developed further, in which case the commissioning will be reduced.