Krav på företag och organisationer att införa och certifiera ledningssystem enligt SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006 ökar. Myndigheter och kunder vill försäkra sig om att deras leverantörer och samarbetspartner har en säker hantering av information. För att kunna beskriva och jämföra skillnaderna mellan organisationernas sätt att arbeta med informationssäkerhet på en generell nivå utifrån standarden SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006 åtgärdsmål, analyseras i denna uppsats fördelarna med att ha ett certifierad ledningssystem för informationssäkerhet. Studien identifierar, analyserar och klarlägger de informationssäkerhetsmässiga skillnader som ett sjukhus som är certifierat enligt SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006 uppnår, i jämförelse med ett sjukhus som inte är certifierat enligt denna standard. Studien utgår ifrån begreppet informationssäkerhet och genomförs med hjälp av Design Science metoden där en artefakt skapats utifrån Blooms reviderade taxonomi och med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer som är en kvalitativ metod. I arbetet används en klassificeringsmetod och det empiriska materialet dvs. intervjuresultatet analyseras med hjälp av Blooms reviderade taxonomi. Resultatet visar att båda sjukhusen nyttjar standarden och att deras informationssäkerhetspolicy blir tilldelad av respektive Landsting. Onekligen är ändå att Hallands sjukhus Varberg som är certifierad enligt standarden SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006, har en högre beredskap och aktivitetsnivå för denna typ av frågor rörande informationssäkerhetsarbete. Det visas bland annat genom att Halland Varberg sjukhus genomgående uppfyller fler åtgärdsmål, har fler definierade procedurer för sitt arbetssätt samt en utökad förståelse för uppsatta krav. De etiska och samhälleliga konsekvenserna för studiens slutsatser är bland annat att kommentarer kring intervjusvaren inte kan kopplas till en enskild individ utan till själva organisationen. Det visar i studien att det finns sårbarheter inom båda organisationerna, som driftavbrott i journalsystem som kan leda till konsekvenser för samhället. Genom att belysa beskrivningen om arbetet med fördelar av en certifiering enligt SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006 utifrån ett informationssäkerhetsperspektiv och att det finns aktuella krav från Socialstyrelsen att alla vårdgivare ska ha ett ledningssystem som ska innehålla en dokumenterad informationssäkerhetspolicy, kan uppsatsen bidra till att besvara frågan om det är värt att certifiera sig. Bland de fördelar som framkom genom studien var exempelvis minskade antal incidenter, bättre total överblick och bättre förebyggande arbete. / Requirements for companies and organizations to implement and certify management systems in accordance with SS-ISO/IEC 27001: 2006 increase. Authorities and customers need to ensure that their suppliers and partners have a safe managing of the information. In order to describe and compare differences between the organizations way of working with information on a broad level of the standard SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006 control objectives, analyzed this study the advantages of having a certified information security management system. The study identifies, analyzes and clarifies the information security-related differences in a hospital that is certified according to SS-ISO/IEC 27001: 2006, in comparison with a hospital that is not certified according to this standard. The study is based on the concept of information security and is carrying through by using Design Science method, in which an artifact is created from Bloom's revised taxonomy. Semi-structured interview is using to collect data. The work also used as a classification method and empirical material i.e. interview results analyzed by using Bloom's revised taxonomy. The results of the study show that both hospitals are working towards the standard and that their information security policy is assigned by the respective County Councils. The ethical and social implications of the study’s conclusions are that, among other things, that the comments about the interview responses cannot be attached to a single individual but to the organization. The study shows that there are vulnerabilities in both organizations, such as downtime of the medical journal system, which can result in consequences for society. Although there are current requirements from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen) to all caregivers: they shall have a management system which should include a documented information security policy, the study help to answer the question whether it is worthwhile to certify themselves. And by highlighting the description about work with a certification according to SS-ISO/IEC 27001: 2006 benefits from an information security perspective, organization can acquire a systematic information security work.

Krav på företag och organisationer att införa och certifiera ledningssystem enligt SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006 ökar. Myndigheter och kunder vill försäkra sig om att deras leverantörer och samarbetspartner har en säker hantering av information. För att kunna beskriva och jämföra skillnaderna mellan organisationernas sätt att arbeta med informationssäkerhet på en generell nivå utifrån standarden SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006 åtgärdsmål, analyseras i denna uppsats fördelarna med att ha ett certifierad ledningssystem för informationssäkerhet. Studien identifierar, analyserar och klarlägger de informationssäkerhetsmässiga skillnader som ett sjukhus som är certifierat enligt SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006 uppnår, i jämförelse med ett sjukhus som inte är certifierat enligt denna standard. Studien utgår ifrån begreppet informationssäkerhet och genomförs med hjälp av Design Science metoden där en artefakt skapats utifrån Blooms reviderade taxonomi och med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer som är en kvalitativ metod. I arbetet används en klassificeringsmetod och det empiriska materialet dvs. intervjuresultatet analyseras med hjälp av Blooms reviderade taxonomi. Resultatet visar att båda sjukhusen nyttjar standarden och att deras informationssäkerhetspolicy blir tilldelad av respektive Landsting. Onekligen är ändå att Hallands sjukhus Varberg som är certifierad enligt standarden SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006, har en högre beredskap och aktivitetsnivå för denna typ av frågor rörande informationssäkerhetsarbete. Det visas bland annat genom att Halland Varberg sjukhus genomgående uppfyller fler åtgärdsmål, har fler definierade procedurer för sitt arbetssätt samt en utökad förståelse för uppsatta krav. De etiska och samhälleliga konsekvenserna för studiens slutsatser är bland annat att kommentarer kring intervjusvaren inte kan kopplas till en enskild individ utan till själva organisationen. Det visar i studien att det finns sårbarheter inom båda organisationerna, som driftavbrott i journalsystem som kan leda till konsekvenser för samhället. Genom att belysa beskrivningen om arbetet med fördelar av en certifiering enligt SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006 utifrån ett informationssäkerhetsperspektiv och att det finns aktuella krav från Socialstyrelsen att alla vårdgivare ska ha ett ledningssystem som ska innehålla en dokumenterad informationssäkerhetspolicy, kan uppsatsen bidra till att besvara frågan om det är värt att certifiera sig. Bland de fördelar som framkom genom studien var exempelvis minskade antal incidenter, bättre total överblick och bättre förebyggande arbete. / Requirements for companies and organizations to implement and certify management systems in accordance with SS-ISO/IEC 27001: 2006 increase. Authorities and customers need to ensure that their suppliers and partners have a safe managing of the information. In order to describe and compare differences between the organizations way of working with information on a broad level of the standard SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2006 control objectives, analyzed this study the advantages of having a certified information security management system. The study identifies, analyzes and clarifies the information security-related differences in a hospital that is certified according to SS-ISO/IEC 27001: 2006, in comparison with a hospital that is not certified according to this standard. The study is based on the concept of information security and is carrying through by using Design Science method, in which an artifact is created from Bloom's revised taxonomy. Semi-structured interview is using to collect data. The work also used as a classification method and empirical material i.e. interview results analyzed by using Bloom's revised taxonomy. The results of the study show that both hospitals are working towards the standard and that their information security policy is assigned by the respective County Councils. The ethical and social implications of the study’s conclusions are that, among other things, that the comments about the interview responses cannot be attached to a single individual but to the organization. The study shows that there are vulnerabilities in both organizations, such as downtime of the medical journal system, which can result in consequences for society. Although there are current requirements from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen) to all caregivers: they shall have a management system which should include a documented information security policy, the study help to answer the question whether it is worthwhile to certify themselves. And by highlighting the description about work with a certification according to SS-ISO/IEC 27001: 2006 benefits from an information security perspective, organization can acquire a systematic information security work.

<p>Data Governance and Data Privacy are critical aspects of organizational management that are widely utilized across all organizational scales. However, this research focused specifically on the significance of Data Governance and Data Privacy in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). While the importance of maintaining these systems is paramount across all organizations, the challenges faced by SMEs in maintaining these systems are greater due to their limited resources. These challenges include potential errors such as data leaks, use of corrupted data, or insufficient data, as well as the difficulty in identifying clear roles and responsibilities regarding data handling. To address these challenges, this research investigated the impact of utilizing Lean Six Sigma (LSS) tools and practices to overcome the anticipated gaps and challenges in SMEs. The qualitative methodology utilized is a grounded theory design, chosen due to the limited understanding of the best LSS practices for achieving data governance and data privacy in SMEs and how LSS can improve the adoption of data governance concerning privacy in SMEs. Data were collected using semi-structured interview questions that were reviewed by an expert panel and pilot tested. The sampling method included purposive, snowballing, and theoretical sampling, resulting in 20 participants being selected for interviews. Open, axial, and selective coding were performed, resulting in the development of a grounded theory. The obtained data were imported into NVivo, a qualitative analysis software program, to compare responses, categorize them into themes and groups, and develop a conceptual framework for Data Governance and Data Privacy. An iterative data collection and analysis approach was conducted to ensure that all aspects were considered. The applied grounded theory resulted in retrieving the themes used to generate a theory from the participants’ descriptions of LSS, SMEs, data governance, and data privacy. Finally, ISM technique has been applied to identify the relationships between the concepts and factors resulted from the grounded theory. It helps arranging the levels the criteria, drawing the relationships in a flowchart, and providing valuable insights to the researcher. </p>

<p>  </p> <p>The following study is a research thesis on the subject matter of Social Engineering (SE) or Social Engineering Information Security Incidents (SEISI). The research evaluates the common features that can be used to cover a social engineering scenario from the perspectives of all stakeholders, at the individual and organizational level in terms of social engineering Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP). The research utilizes extensive secondary literary sources for understanding the topic of Social Engineering, highlights the issue of inconsistencies in the existing frameworks on social engineering and, addresses the research gap of availability of reliable dataset on past social engineering incidents by information gathered on the common themes of data reported on these. The study annotates salient features which have been identified in several studies in the past to develop a comprehensive dataset of various social engineering attacks which could be used by both computational and social scientists. The resulting codebook or the features of a social engineering are coded and defined based on Pretext Design Maps as well as industry standards and frameworks like MITRE ATT&CK, MITRE CVE, NIST, etc.  Lastly, Psychological Theories of Persuasion like Dr. Cialdini’s principles of persuasion, Elaboration Likelihood Model, and Scherer’s Typology of Affective Emotional States guides the psychological TTPs of social engineering evaluated in this study. </p>

<p> As cyber threats become highly damaging and complex, a new cybersecurity compliance certification model has been developed by the Department of Defense (DoD) to secure its Defense Industrial Base (DIB), and communication with its private partners. These partners or contractors are obligated by the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulations (DFARS) to be compliant with the latest standards in computer and data security. The Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC), and it is built upon existing DFARS 252.204-7012 and the NIST SP 800-171 controls. As of 2020, the DoD has incorporated DFARS and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommended security practices into what is now the CMMC. This thesis examines the most commonly identified security control deficiencies faced, the attacks mitigated by addressing these deficiencies, and suggested remediations, to 127 DoD contractors in order to bring them into compliance with the CMMC guidelines. By working with a compliance service provider, an analysis is done on how companies are undergoing and implementing important changes in their processes, to protect crucial information from ever-growing and looming cyber threats. </p>

The thesis is focused on the Czech act no. 181/2014 Sb., on cyber security and subsequent regulations, introduces origin and importance of act, defines the state administration´s office which identifies important information systems according to regulations, and subsequently thesis detailed analyses act and regulation on cyber security in relation to the defined state administration´s office. Keynote of this thesis is show the real application of identified obligations of the act and regulation to the defined state administration´s office, especially a design, implementation and management of organizational and technical security measures, including the evaluation of real impact on information security. To achieve the set goals author of this thesis uses the analysis of legislation, and draws own conclusions from author´s position of a security technologist who actively participated in the design security policy, and implementation and management of security tools. The benefit of this thesis is complex overview of the security employees work at defined state administration´s office, overview of the real fulfilment obligations of the act and regulation of cybernetic security, and ultimately this thesis brings ideas for further development of technical security tools. This thesis can brings benefit to other important information systems administrators as a set of processes, proposals and recommendation for their own information security management system. This thesis is structurally divided into four main parts. The first theoretical part introduces origin, importance and impact of the act on state and private organizations. The second analytical part analyses act and subsequent regulations in relation to the defined state administration´s office. The third practical part shows the real application of organizational and technical security measures. The fourth last part evaluates the real impact of measures on information security.

The diploma thesis focuses on implementation and deployment of information security management system (ISMS) into healthcare organizations. Specifies what is required to include in this process and what not to forget. It includes a risk analysis of a branch of the selected company, and for it is written a safety guide. Safety guide provides advice and recommendations regarding security in terms of human resources, physical security, ICT security and other aspects that should be included in the ISMS deployment in healthcare organizations. The work also reflects the newly emerging law on cyber security. It is expected that the law will also address cyber security in healthcare.

This thesis deals with the introduction of information security management system in IT enterprise. It includes theoretical knowledge which are necessary for the understanding of this issue and their application for the analysis of the current state of information security, risk analysis and risk management. Last but not least for the actual implementation of information security management system in the company. The implementation of ISMS was divided into two phases. This thesis details the first phase.

<p dir="ltr">With the ability to connect to networks and send and receive data, Internet of Things (IoT) devices involve associated security risks and threats, for a given environment. These threats are even more of a concern in a Smart Home network, where there is a lack of a dedicated security IT team, unlike a corporate environment. While efficient user interface(UI) and ease of use is at the front and center of IoT devices within Smart Home which enables its wider adoption, often security and privacy have been an afterthought and haven’t kept pace when needed. Therefore, a unsafe possibility exists where malicious actors could exploit vulnerable devices in a domestic home environment.</p><p dir="ltr">This thesis involves a detailed study of the cybersecurity for a Smart Home and also examines the various types of cyberthreats encountered, such as DDoS, Man-In-Middle, Ransomware, etc. that IoT devices face. Given, IoT devices are commonplace in most home automation scenarios, its crucially important to detect intrusions and unauthorized access. Privacy issues are also involved making this an even more pertinent topic. Towards this, various state of the art industry standard tools, such as Nmap, Nessus, Metasploit, etc. were used to gather data on a Smart Home environment to analyze their impacts to detect security vulnerabilities and risks to a Smart Home. Results from the research indicated various vulnerabilities, such as open ports, password vulnerabilities, SSL certificate anomalies and others that exist in many cases, and how precautions when taken in timely manner can help alleviate and bring down those risks.</p><p dir="ltr">Also, an IoT monitoring dashboard was developed based on open-source tools, which helps visualize threats and emphasize the importance of monitoring. The IoT dashboard showed how to raise alerts and alarms based on specific threat conditions or events. In addition, currently available cybersecurity regulations, standards, and guidelines were also examined that can help safeguard against threats to commonly used IoT devices in a Smart Home. It is hoped that the research carried out in this dissertation can help maintain safe and secure Smart Homes and provide direction for future work in the area of Smart Home Cybersecurity.</p>