Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-23T13:25:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 L?GIA PARREIRA MUNIZ G?AL.pdf: 5270981 bytes, checksum: 96b0646b01e474b8307ad43548bce884 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T13:25:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 L?GIA PARREIRA MUNIZ G?AL.pdf: 5270981 bytes, checksum: 96b0646b01e474b8307ad43548bce884 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The formation of cities has shaped the urban street canyons, defined by the street and the buildings that extend along its sides. The land use and occupation are agents that modify the climate, however this is rarely considered in the urban planning of cities. Aspects like height and width ratio, sky view factor, albedo of the surface materials and the presence of vegetation in the canyon have been widely studied in association with the local climatic behavior. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the microclimate of urban street canyons is indispensable to achieve sustainability between urban occupation and thermal comfort. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to investigate the interference of land use and occupation legislation and urban geometry in the microclimate of an urban street canyon in Campinas/ SP. The methodology used involves the climatic monitoring of the study area in Cambu? (neighborhood), the urban and climatic characterization of three points with different land use and occupation configurations and the selection of the canyon used for simulation scenarios. These scenarios involve two main aspects: the local urban legislation and the canyon geometry (height width ratio - H/W and length height ratio - L/H). The simulations were performed using the microclimatic simulation model ENVI-met 4.0 preview. Scenarios in agreement with the local legislation showed that, in winter, only 25% of day perceived discomfort to heat. In the other hand, in the summer period, a comfortable feeling was perceived in only 25% of the day, providing discomfort to the heat for the rest of the day. In the scenarios varying the urban geometry it was verified that, for scenarios with the same H/W ratio, the PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) value did not suffer significant alteration. However, when the L/H ratio was fixed and the H/W ratio varied, we noted that deeper canyons led to lower PET peaks. The scenario A, for example, with a lower H/W ratio (0.5) and lower L/H (3) ratio, showed PET peak 7.3?C higher than the scenario I with a higher H/W ratio (2.0) and higher L/H ratio (7). The results showed that there is a strong correlation between the H/W ratio and the thermal comfort of the urban street canyons: deeper canyons yield lower PET values. Moreover, it was verified that the climatic conditions of the canyon are independent of their length (L/H ratio) and that canyons oriented in the prevailing wind direction (SE) reached lower PET values. Finally, it was evidenced that shading and wind speed are fundamental in determining comfort in urban street canyons. / A forma??o das cidades tem configurado os chamados c?nions urbanos, definidos pela interface composta pela via e as edifica??es que se estendem em suas laterais. O uso e ocupa??o do solo s?o agentes modificadores do clima e, no entanto, este ?ltimo tem sido pouco levado em considera??o no planejamento urbano dos munic?pios. Entretanto, aspectos como a rela??o altura e largura do c?nion, o fator de vis?o do c?u, o albedo dos materiais de superf?cie e a presen?a de vegeta??o no c?nion t?m sido amplamente estudados em associa??o com o comportamento clim?tico local. Neste contexto, entender a influ?ncia desses par?metros no microclima de c?nions urbanos ? de fundamental import?ncia para se atingir a sustentabilidade entre ocupa??o urbana e conforto t?rmico. Em vista disso, o objetivo deste trabalho ? analisar a interfer?ncia da legisla??o de uso e ocupa??o do solo e da geometria urbana no microclima de um c?nion urbano da cidade de Campinas/ SP. Para isso foi utilizada uma metodologia que envolve o monitoramento clim?tico do recorte de estudo selecionado no bairro Cambu?, a caracteriza??o urbana e clim?tica de tr?s pontos com diferentes configura??es de uso e ocupa??o do solo e a escolha do c?nion de interesse para simula??o de cen?rios que envolvem dois aspectos principais: a legisla??o urban?stica local e a geometria do c?nion (rela??o altura largura ? H/W e rela??o comprimento altura ? L/H). As simula??es foram realizadas com o modelo de simula??o microclim?tica ENVI-met 4.0 preview. Nos cen?rios respeitando a legisla??o o desconforto para o calor foi observado em apenas 25% do dia no per?odo de inverno; j? no per?odo de ver?o a sensa??o de conforto foi obtida em apenas 25% do dia, sendo observado desconforto para o calor no restante do dia. Nos cen?rios variando a geometria urbana verificou-se que, para cen?rios de mesma rela??o H/W, o valor do PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) n?o sofreu altera??o significativa. J? quando se fixou a rela??o L/H e variou-se a rela??o H/W, ficou claro que c?nions mais profundos levaram a picos de PET mais baixos. O cen?rio A, por exemplo, de menor rela??o H/W (0,5) e menor rela??o L/H (3), apresentou pico de PET 7,3?C mais alto que o cen?rio I, de maior rela??o H/W (2,0) e maior rela??o L/H (7). Os resultados mostraram que existe forte correla??o entre a rela??o H/W e o conforto t?rmico dos c?nions urbanos: quanto mais profundo, menores os valores de pico do ?ndice PET. Al?m disso, verificou-se que c?nions orientados na dire??o predominante dos ventos alcan?aram valores de PET mais baixos. Por fim, foi evidenciado que o sombreamento da superf?cie e a intensidade da velocidade do vento s?o fundamentais na determina??o do conforto t?rmico em c?nions urbanos.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-23T14:31:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adilson Nunes Ruiz.pdf: 6007533 bytes, checksum: 99ead3c6678aa04d133ce01f857fe6f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T14:31:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adilson Nunes Ruiz.pdf: 6007533 bytes, checksum: 99ead3c6678aa04d133ce01f857fe6f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP / In view of the large volume of waste generated by the construction industry coupled with the growing understanding of environmental preservation by the population, it was necessary to carry out studies with the firm intention of reusing these wastes. This work focuses on the residues generated in the area of road pavement construction, especially those resulting from the maintenance, restoration and improvement of roads paved with asphalt concrete. As the use of this material is not always carried out in a technical and adequate way, even though several studies are directed to the good technique of using recycled asphalt pavement, this work intends to present another technical form for the application of this important residue, to use in the construction of rigid concrete barriers and in gutters, half wire and gutters. These services normally run within the road works, that is, it aims to keep the material generated within the limits of the generating source. In order to achieve this, studies focused on meeting the technical specifications of the National Department of Infrastructure and Transport (DNIT) and the Department of Roads of the State of S?o Paulo (DER-SP), minimizing the output of milling from the generating source, considering that these public agencies are the main sources of this waste and performers of the services for which it is intended. This study compared the physical characteristics of conventional concrete and concrete with embedded asphalt milling, thus evaluating its technical, economic feasibility and environmental. The study was carried out in concrete with a characteristic compressive strength of 25MPa, intended for road safety elements, and at 20MPa for surface drainage elements. It was observed that the increase of recycled asphalt pavement in the concrete mixture directly influences the mechanical resistance, reducing its resistant capacity. When analyzing the substitution content of recycled asphalt pavement in the mix, it was found that percentages higher than 15% substantially affect the concrete's strength properties. The concrete with recycled asphalt pavement presents less rise and absorption of water by capillarity, as well as less absorption in the test of immersion, important qualities for mixtures that will be destined to the manufacture of structures that will be exposed to the elements or the contact with the water. The use of this residue in the concrete generates reduction in the cost of manufacture, besides providing reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2). In Brazil, it can be estimated that the use of asphalt milling in the concretes studied, can generate the approximate annual reduction of 270 thousand tCO2, besides saving approximately US$ 97 million/year through the sale of CO2 ("green" income) And the reduction of costs with the acquisition of natural raw materials extracted from deposits (sand and crushed stone), as well as to finance with this amount the construction of approximately 23 thousand popular residences of 40m2. / Tendo em vista o grande volume gerado de res?duos pela ind?stria da constru??o aliado ao fato do crescente entendimento pela popula??o da preserva??o ambiental, fez-se necess?ria a realiza??o de estudos com o firme prop?sito de reutiliz?-los. Este trabalho foca no res?duo gerado na ?rea da constru??o de pavimenta??o vi?ria, principalmente naqueles advindos das obras de manuten??o, restaura??o e melhoria do leito vi?rio pavimentado revestido com concreto asf?ltico. Como a utiliza??o deste material ? realizada nem sempre de forma t?cnica e adequada, mesmo tendo diversos estudos direcionados ? boa t?cnica de utiliza??o do fresado asf?ltico, este trabalho tem a pretens?o de apresentar mais uma forma t?cnica para a aplica??o deste importante res?duo, o de utilizar na constru??o de barreiras r?gidas de concreto e em canaletas, meios fio e sarjetas. Servi?os estes normalmente executados dentro das obras vi?rias, ou seja, visa manter o material gerado dentro dos limites da fonte geradora. Para isso, foram realizados estudos focados em atender as especifica??es t?cnicas do Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura e Transporte (DNIT) e do Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem do Estado de S?o Paulo (DER-SP) em parte das obras de seguran?a vi?ria e drenagem, tendo em vista que estes ?rg?os p?blicos tem o dom?nio das principais fontes geradoras deste res?duo e s?o executores dos servi?os ao qual se destina. Este estudo comparou as caracter?sticas f?sicas do concreto convencional e do concreto com fresado asf?ltico incorporado, avaliando assim a sua viabilidade t?cnica, econ?mica e ambiental. O estudo foi realizado em concreto com resist?ncia caracter?stica ? compress?o de 25MPa, destinado a elementos de seguran?a vi?ria, e com 20MPa, para os elementos de drenagem superficial. Foi constatado que o incremento de fresado asf?ltico na mistura do concreto influencia diretamente nas resist?ncias mec?nicas, reduzindo sua capacidade resistente. Ao analisar o teor de substitui??o de fresado asf?ltico na mistura, foi constatado que percentuais superiores a 15% afetam substancialmente as propriedades mec?nicas do concreto. O concreto com fresado asf?ltico apresenta menor ascens?o e absor??o de ?gua por capilaridade, bem como menor absor??o no ensaio de imers?o, qualidades importantes para misturas que ser?o destinadas ? fabrica??o de estruturas que ficar?o expostas ?s intemp?ries ou ao contato com a ?gua. O uso deste res?duo no concreto gera redu??o no custo de fabrica??o, al?m de proporcionar redu??o da emiss?o de gases do efeito estufa (CO2). No Brasil, pode-se estimar que o uso do fresado asf?ltico nos concretos estudados, pode gerar a redu??o anual aproximada de 270mil tCO2, al?m de possibilitar economia aproximada de US$ 97 milh?es/ano atrav?s da comercializa??o do CO2 (renda ?verde?) e da redu??o de custos com a aquisi??o de mat?rias primas naturais extra?das de jazidas (areia e pedra britada), bem como financiar com este valor a constru??o de aproximadamente 23mil resid?ncias populares de 40m?.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-10T19:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MAURO MASSANORI MIYASHIRO.pdf: 2380997 bytes, checksum: fc2d550825d50d0a996842532845e496 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T19:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MAURO MASSANORI MIYASHIRO.pdf: 2380997 bytes, checksum: fc2d550825d50d0a996842532845e496 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-09 / Light Emmiting Diode ? LED. Efici?ncia energ?tica. Portaria n? 144/2015. INMETRO. Fator de pot?ncia. Fluxo luminoso. Efici?ncia energ?tica. The objective of this study was to evaluate the energy efficiency of LED light bulbs (Light Emitting Diode) commercialized in the Brazilian market in the period of 2015/2016 and the development of a low cost test system to measure the mains voltage, current, consumption and power factor of LED lamp. For the evaluation of the LED lamps, the equipment available in the laboratories of the Eldorado Research Institute was used, and as a reference, the requirements established by Ordinance No. 144/2015 of the Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO, published on March 13, 2015. This Ordinance made it mandatory for manufacturers and importers to certify LED bulbs as of February 26, 2016. In order to carry out this work, a set of LED lamps from different manufacturers was acquired in the retail market to be subjected to functional tests of consumption of energy (watts), power factor (PF), luminous flux (lumens) and luminous efficiency (lumens/watt). The data obtained were compared with the nominal values declared by the manufacturers, as specified in the INMETRO ordinance. The results show that 11% of the samples failed in the energy consumption test and 83% failed in the power factor test. The developed test system was validated comparing its measurements with the results obtained in the tests carried out in INMETRO certified laboratory. Through this work it was possible to have an overview of the energy efficiency of LED bulbs currently commercialized in the country. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a efici?ncia energ?tica de l?mpadas com tecnologia LED (Light Emitting Diode) comercializadas no mercado brasileiro no per?odo de 2015/2016 e o desenvolvimento de um sistema de teste de baixo custo para medir a tens?o da rede el?trica, a corrente, o consumo e o fator de pot?ncia de l?mpada LED. Para a avalia??o das l?mpadas LED foram utilizados os equipamentos dispon?veis nos laborat?rios do Instituto de Pesquisas Eldorado e como refer?ncia os requisitos estabelecidos pela Portaria n? 144/2015 do Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO, publicada em 13 de mar?o de 2015. Esta Portaria tornou obrigat?ria para fabricantes e importadores a certifica??o das l?mpadas LED a partir de 26 de fevereiro de 2016. Para a realiza??o deste trabalho foi adquirido no mercado de varejo um conjunto de l?mpadas LED de diferentes fabricantes para serem submetidos a testes funcionais de consumo de energia (watts), fator de pot?ncia (FP), fluxo luminoso (lumens) e efici?ncia luminosa (lumens/watt). Os dados obtidos foram comparados com os valores nominais declarados pelos fabricantes conforme especificado na portaria do INMETRO. Os resultados demonstram que 11% das amostras falharam no teste de consumo de energia e 83% falharam no teste de fator de pot?ncia. O sistema de teste desenvolvido foi validado comparando suas medi??es com os resultados obtidos nos testes realizados em laborat?rio certificado pelo INMETRO. Atrav?s deste trabalho foi poss?vel ter um panorama amostral da efici?ncia energ?tica das l?mpadas LED comercializadas atualmente no pa?s.