Infrared spectra of and H₂O and D₂O trapped in solid argon, krypton and nitrogen have been obtained at 4°K. In addition, spectra have been recorded of D₂O in carbon tetrachloride and ammonia matrices at 77°K, and of a dilute solution of D₂O in carbon tetrachloride at 25°C. Dilution studies involving changing the matrix to water ratio from 50 to 500 have been carried out with D₂O in argon at 4°K. Changes in the spectra of D₂O and H₂O in argon, krypton and nitrogen matrices during warm-up have been observed. The dilution and warm-up studies have made it possible to assign certain peaks to monomer, low polymer and higher polymers. The complex spectra of H₂O and D₂O in argon, krypton and nitrogen at liquid helium temperatures are discussed, and previous simple explanations involving molecular association, rotation and multiple trapping sites advanced by other workers are shown to be inadequate. Consideration is given to the isotope effect and interactions with the matrix in an attempt to account for the observed spectra. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

Measurements have been made of the integrated absorption coefficients of the three fundamental vibration-rotation bands of sulfur dioxide vapor. In contrast to previously reported values of these intensities, the molecular dipole moment calculated from them differs widely from the static dipole moment determined by other methods. The magnitudes of the bond moment derivatives are not in agreement with simple molecular models, indicating that infrared intensities are sensitive to the details of the electrical charge redistribution accompanying molecular distortions. The possible role of unshared electrons is discussed. Observations on the shapes, frequencies, bandwidths, and intensities of some absorption bands of sulfur dioxide and carbon disulfide in condensed phases are reported and discussed in terms of the information they may give on intermolecular interactions. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

A discussion is given of the many uses of photo-conductive cells, especially of those of the lead sulphide type. A Factor of Merit for radiation detectors as proposed by Clark Jones is presented, which is intended to cover all types of detectors, and which is applied to the lead sulphide cells studied. Other Factors of Merit are also mentioned. From information obtained the Factors of Merit are evaluated for the cells. These Factors of Merit are found to vary with the temperature of the cell layer. It is found that limiting noise is not due to Johnson noise, but rather to radiation fluctuations; and that the ultimate sensitivity has been reached in some cells. The cells are assumed to be type II detectors according to Clark Jones's classification. It is found that the engineering limit proposed by R. J. Havens does not apply here. Particularly good agreement between various expressions for the Factor of Merit is shown, assuming a type II detector. A description of the apparatus is given in some detail. A black body radiator and associated temperature control, a 900 cycles per second tuned amplifier, a wide band preamplifier and a multi vibrator used in measuring time constants of such cells are described. The methods of measurement of responsivity to noise ratio, of noise, of time constants, frequency response curves and spectral response of a detector are outlined. It is found that the black body is optically aligned; tests show that the response of a cell is directly proportional to the intensity of the illumination. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

The infrared absorption spectrum of fluoroform (CHF ₃) has been observed in the region 400 to 5550 cm[superscript -1] with a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer and, in the higher regions, a multiple path absorption cell. The theoretical shapes of a parallel and a perpendicular band have been calculated and have been confirmed by the observed spectrum. The assignments of the fundamental frequencies by Rank, Schull and Pace have been confirmed and the apparent discrepancy in the appearance of the 507.5 cm[superscript -1] band has been explained. The anharmonicity constant x₆₆ has been calculated to be -0.08 cm[superscript -1]. All of the fundamentals except ν₂ have been remeasured to be: ν₁ 3033 cm[superscript -1] ν₃ 700.1 ν₄ 1375 ν₅ 1153 ν₆ 507.5 / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

A successful method of dehumidification was designed and used to maintain the relative humidity in a specially constructed room at less than 40% and at a temperature of 20°C. A wavelength drive and control system were designed and built to improve and simplify the operation of a Perkin-Elmer infrared spectrometer and of the recording accessories. The spectrometer was then calibrated and used to examine the infrared absorption spectrum of gaseous carbon disulphide. The wave numbers of six absorption bands of gaseous CS₂ were determined. The wave number value of 1535 cm.ˉ¹ which was determined for the normal frequency √3, was found to agree with a new recently published result and all previously reported bands were observed. No evidence was found which might possibly lead to any interpretation other than that the structure of the carbon disulphide molecule is linear and symmetrical. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

This thesis examines the collision induced, far-infrared absorption of homonuclear diatomic molecules. These molecular processes are relevant in the astrophysical environments of planetary atmospheres and galactic molecular clouds, and a brief survey of far-infrared measurements of these regions is presented. The theory of collision induced absorption by molecular rotational transitions is reviewed and a calculation is made of the quadrupolar induced, single rotational transition absorption line intensities of the nitrogen and oxygen molecules. The far-infrared absorption spectra of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen at 77K, over the frequency range 5 to 70 cm⁻¹ , have been measured. The far-infrared spectrum of liquid oxygen has not previously been reported. The present work includes the design of a low temperature, multiple pass, far-infrared absorption cell intended for low temperature, low density gas measurements. The effect of diffraction on the cell's maximum attainable optical path length, and a model used to estimate the anticipated liquid helium consumption are discussed. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

A novel design for an active point ranging and tracking instrument intended for large work volume applications, is presented in this thesis. The proposed instrument employs two tracking stations at a known baseline distance in order to triangulate on, and dynamically track a pulsed infrared target A prototype instrument, consisting of a single target tracking station and modulated target, has been built and tested. Each target tracking station is composed of a gimbaled mirror optic deflection system and an infrared sensitive camera. The angular resolving capability of the target tracking station is approximately 0.1 degrees when locked on a static target. The target tracking station is able to follow a target moving at a maximum speed of 4.9 meters per second at a distance of 1 meter. Results of static and dynamic testing performed on separate components of the prototype instrument, and on the complete target tracking station are presented. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The 4.57 meter millimetre wave telescope at the University of British Columbia has been used to partially map a region around Lk Hα101 one half degree in diameter centered on α(1950) = 04H26M34s.0 (right ascension), Ϭ (1950) = 35°13'00" (declination) in the J=1—0 transition of ¹²C¹⁶O. Our ¹²CO results show a wide region of ¹²CO emission, but the exact boundaries are as yet undetermined. The north and west boundaries have been determined. We suspect the emission extends as far as a visual extinction of 1 magnitude which covers a region almost one degree across and several degrees long. The average radiation temperature, T*A , is 10 K. Within our survey field we found a large fragmented area with five hot spots (20 K). Since ¹³CO observations were not made ¹³CO data was generated from the ¹²CO observations. Both the ¹²CO and ¹³CO temperature contours have five hot spots within a single envelope of colder CO emission located southeast of Lk Hα101. Three CO clouds (#1, #2, and #3) are resolved at Lk Hα101 (7.2,-10.8), Lk Hα(101 (0.0,-10.8), and LkHα101 (7.2,-5.4). Their masses were calculated from the generated 13CO column densities and are 49M, 41M, and 25M respectively. Two other clouds (#4 and #5) on the limit of resolution are located at Lk Hα101 (3.6,-5.4) and Lk Hα101 (0.0,-1.8) and have masses of 11M0 and 25M0. Each of these fragments is embedded in the same 13 K ¹²CO contour centered on Lk Hα101 (3.6,-7.2). The mass is calculated from the fabricated ¹³CO data and should not be relied upon very strongly. It is in error by at most a factor of two. Peak HI emission contours (Dewdney and Roger 1981) are anticorrelated to our peak CO contours. The HI lies to the northwest. This indicates that the peak CO and HI features are located in different regions. The peak HI column densities derived from both the fabricated ¹²CO data and HI observations agree. They are ~1.3 x 10²¹ atoms cm⁻². From star counts we made of the region we see that the stronger CO emission correlates with regions of stronger visual extinction. The peak HI occurs where the extinction is low. The exciting star has presumably been able to dissociate H2 into HI to the northwest where the visual extinction is lower. Dewdney and Roger (1981) have modelled this asymmetry reasonably well by assuming there is a steep discontinuity of density near Lk Hα101 to the east. The positions of infrared stars from the Steward Observatory Near Infrared Photographic Sky Survey provide meager evidence for the 'Blister' model (Israel 1977, Gilmore 1978) and suggest that star formation was initiated on the edge of the cloud and proceeded inwards. Our CO hot spots could well be the next generation of infrared stars. Confirmation will require a more complete map with better resolution of the region around Lk Hα101 (3.6,-7.2). / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

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