Thesis (Ma) -- Zhong yang min zu da xue, China, 2007. / Title from title page. Abstract also in English. Includes bibliography. Zhi dao jiao shi: Gao Cuilian. 880-04

Thesis (Ma (Specialized History)) -- Nei Menggu da xue Menggu xue xue yuan, China, 2004. / Title from title page. Abstract also in English. Includes bibliography. Zhi dao jiao shi: Bailadugeqi. 880-02

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 240-271). / Microfiche. / v, 271 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Interdisciplinary Studies. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-189). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & res_dat=xri:pqdiss & rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation & rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR32004.

胡兆基. / "2004年6月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 附參考文獻. / 附中英文摘要. / "2004 nian 6 yue". / Hu Zhaoji. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Fu can kao wen xian. / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 論文摘要（中文） --- p.1 / 論文摘要（英文） --- p.iii / 謝辭 --- p.v / 表目錄 --- p.vi / 圖目錄 --- p.viii / 相片目錄 --- p.x / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 硏究問題 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 理念架構 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- 硏究目的 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- 硏究的重要性 --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- 論文結構 --- p.7 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻及理論回顧 --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- 旅遊業的可持續發展及生態旅遊 --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- 生態旅遊與文化及傳統睿智 --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- 傳統睿智的定義 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4 --- 傳統睿智的主要功能 --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5 --- 傳統睿智中的遊牧文明 --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6 --- 蒙古族的傳統文明 --- p.28 / Chapter 第三章 --- 硏究地點與硏究方法 --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1 --- 選擇本硏究地點的原因 --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- 本硏究的硏究方法 --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 質化硏究方法 --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 大地理論 --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- 質化硏究的資料收集 --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 個案硏究 --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 田野硏究的抽樣方法 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- 觀察結果的記錄 --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4 --- 觀察法 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5 --- 訪談法 --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6 --- 選址的背景資料 --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- 內蒙古的地理位置與槪況 --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- 內蒙古的環境問題 --- p.54 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- 內蒙古全區旅遊經濟區的劃分 --- p.52 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- 本硏究自然保護區的槪況 --- p.58 / Chapter 3.7 --- 實地考察詳情 --- p.64 / Chapter 第四章 --- 內蒙古旅遊業現況 --- p.70 / Chapter 4.1 --- 前言 --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2 --- 內蒙古旅遊業現況 --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 內蒙旅客人數 --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 內蒙旅遊業收入趨勢 --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- 內蒙旅遊業收入與其他省份的比較 --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3 --- 生態旅遊在內蒙古的重要性 --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 內蒙古的保護區 --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 錫林郭勒典型草原生態旅遊區（國際級保護區） --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- 達里湖生態旅遊區（國家級保護區) --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- 白音敖包雲杉林生態旅遊區（國家級保護區） --- p.82 / Chapter 4.4 --- 旅遊對內蒙古生態的影響 --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- 內蒙古旅遊的破壞 --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- 旅遊對錫林郭勒草原保護區生態的影響 --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- 旅遊對達里湖保護區生態的影響 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- 旅遊對白音敖包雲杉林保護區生態的影響 --- p.92 / Chapter 4.5 --- 總結 --- p.96 / Chapter 第五章 --- 以民族傳統睿智強化生態旅遊對自然及文化的保育 --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1 --- 前言 --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2 --- 內蒙古的民族傳統睿智 --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 以經濟活動的傳統睿智保持生態系統穩定 --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 遷移性的牧業是蒙古族最主要的傳統睿智 --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- 在宗教思想上對大自然肅然起敬的傳統睿智 --- p.109 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- 由居住環境的傳統睿智可知當地人視大地爲母 --- p.112 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- 從人與人關係及生活習慣的傳統睿智看出居民視草原爲家 --- p.114 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- 以傳統睿智面對生態環境的變化 --- p.118 / Chapter 5.2.7 --- 小結 --- p.122 / Chapter 5.3 --- 適用於生態旅遊的傳統睿智 --- p.124 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 家庭式旅遊´ؤ´ؤ牧家樂 --- p.127 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 季節性及地方性遷移旅遊 --- p.137 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- 核心區管理´ؤ´ؤ神林 --- p.147 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- 對生態友善的管理策略 --- p.154 / Chapter 5.4 --- 將傳統睿智融入生態旅遊的實行困難 --- p.161 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- 傳統生態睿智本身的弱點 --- p.162 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- 家庭式旅遊´ؤ´ؤ牧家樂的問題 --- p.163 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- 成本低而環境破壞細的牧家樂旅遊模式對旅客數目的容量較低 --- p.165 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- 人數較少的遷移旅遊容易造成分散破壞 --- p.166 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- 牧民參與旅遊的意願多寡及傳統睿智的傳統性 --- p.167 / Chapter 5.5 --- 總結 --- p.168 / Chapter 第六章 --- 旅遊規劃原則及發展策略 --- p.170 / Chapter 6.1 --- 前言 --- p.170 / Chapter 6.2 --- 內蒙古三個保護區的共同旅遊規劃原則 --- p.173 / Chapter 6.3 --- 達里湖國家級保護區「牧家樂」的發展策略 --- p.181 / Chapter 6.4 --- 錫林郭勒典型草原國際級保護區「轉場」的發展策略 --- p.188 / Chapter 6.5 --- 白音敖包雲杉林國家級保護區「密集管理」的發展策略 --- p.193 / Chapter 6.6 --- 總結 --- p.199 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.202 / Chapter 7.1 --- 主要硏究結果 --- p.202 / Chapter 7.2 --- 硏究的含義及討論 --- p.204 / Chapter 7.3 --- 硏究局限 --- p.206 / Chapter 7.4 --- 建議跟進的硏究 --- p.208 / 參考文獻一中文部份 / 參考文獻二 英文部份 / 附錄 / 附錄一：詳盡考察日程 / 附錄二：綠家園暑期生態遊之行程 / 附錄三：錫林郭勒寄住牧民家庭之行程

My thesis is to re habitat the grassland of Xilingol League, through the combination of nomadic, local and contemporary landscape technologies to reorganize the utilization of the grassland, aim to get the balance of human-livestock-grassland system for recovery rangeland and give back their pastoral life for the herder’s who living off the grassland. / published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

No description available.

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt formed by accretion subsequent to the contraction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean that ultimately disappeared along the Solonker Suture Zone in East Asia. Since typical regional collisional features are absent, the tectonic evolution of the suture remains speculative. Integrated sedimentary provenance analyses across the accretionary collision zone between the Mongolian Arcs and the North China Craton place new constraints on the events that led to final suturing. An investigation on the geochronological and geochemical variability in Permian strata along a southeast-northwest transect revealed distinct differences across the Solonker Suture Zone: northern basins carry a broad Mesoproterozoic to latest Precambrian age signature, and their provenance terranes are of mixed juvenile to crustal magmatic origin. In contrast, southern basins contain detritus from the North China Craton, and their sources are of dominantly crustal contaminated magmatic origin. Provenance analysis suggests, that in the Early Palaeozoic (ca. 429 Ma) the Palaeo-Asian Ocean was consumed along the Uliastai Arc and the North China Craton, initiating the formation of the Northern and Southern Accretionary Orogens, respectively. By the end of the Middle Carboniferous the Mongolian Arcs consolidated after accretion of the Uliastai Arc. In the Late Carboniferous (ca. 314 Ma) the Hegenshan back-arc basin opened, detaching the Northern Accretionary Orogen. While subduction continued there, it may have temporarily ceased along the Southern Accretionary Orogen after accretion of a microcontinent (ca. 300 Ma). During the Middle Permian back-arc basin closure led to the formation and obduction of the Hegenshan supra-subduction zone ophiolite. Eventually, the Palaeo-Asian Ocean closed after wedge-wedge collision, which would not involve continental deep subduction, thus, leading to cryptic suturing from the Late Permian to Early Triassic. Statistical analyses on the heterogeneity and similarity of the age probability density functions require a complex Permian palaeo-geographic setting, involving a variety of arc basins, which received sediments dependent on the contemporary arc geometry. Early stages of the sequence likely resembled a Pacific-type scenario, including Japan-type back-arc basin opening, whereas the late stages were similar to the archipelago-type setting of present-day Southeast Asia. / published_or_final_version / Earth Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Depression poses a global threat for mental health (Murray & Lopez, 1996). However, in China, national studies of depression epidemiology are very few. Only from 2011 have Chinese researchers began to adopt internationally recognized diagnostic criteria and standardized interview instruments in psychiatric epidemiological surveys (Guo et al., 2011), and previous studies generated inconsistent results of depressive prevalence. As the largest ethnic group in the world, the Chinese account for 18.9% of the world’s population (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2015). Yet most research on depression is based on Western samples and may not accurately characterize depression as experienced by Chinese populations. This thesis examines depression in non-pregnant and pregnant women in Inner Mongolia, who are under the influence of cultural values of collectivism and social factors specific to China. Chinese society adheres firmly to traditional values (Whyte, 2005), while market reform, birth-control policy, together with high parental investment in childcare and rearing construct a unique and sometimes unfavorable environment for Chinese women that may influence their depression expression. This thesis includes a series of three linked studies. The first study validated the 52- item New Multidimensional Depression Scale (MDAS) with clinically depressed individuals in Inner Mongolia. The aims were to assess whether the MDAS demonstrated good psychometric properties in clinically depressed Chinese patients for the scale to be factor analysed on a Chinese construct of depression symptomatology to show cultural characteristics in China. This aim was achieved by carrying out Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analysis in separate studies. One hundred and seventy-one clinically depressed participants were recruited in Inner Mongolia. They were given the MDAS and Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) and other scales to complete. The psychometric properties of the MDAS were tested regarding reliability and validity. Following which an Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was run on MDAS. Several findings emerged in the study. First, the first factor extracted comprised of core psychological and affective symptoms conceptualized in the Western construct of depression. An interpersonal-cognitive factor was extracted as the second factor, followed by a third somatic factor in the cluster of symptoms. The results suggested that core affective and cognitive symptoms for diagnosis are universal across cultures, while Chinese individuals express interpersonal symptoms that characterized their collectivistic culture that emphasizes interpersonal harmony. Study 2 examined depressive symptoms in the antenatal period in Inner Mongolia women. Two-hundred and thirty-four women, mostly in their third trimester, were recruited in an antenatal hospital in Inner Mongolia. They completed the MDAS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). In exploring how depression in its item content is expressed and experienced by pregnant Chinese women, the study also searched for the best-fit model of MDAS on pregnant women in Inner Mongolia. It compared three factor models: the three-factor structure of MDAS from study 1, the hypothesized four-factor model corresponding to each subscale (emotional, cognitive, somatic and interpersonal), and the one-factor model corresponding to a unidimensional structure of the MDAS. A best-fit model was found for the four-factor model, supporting using the four hypothesized subscales of MDAS on pregnant women. In a subsequent step, the MDAS was validated and its psychometric properties were tested to show illustrated results. The findings supported measuring interpersonal symptoms in self-report measurements to measure different aspects of depressive severity in Chinese pregnant women. In particular, somatic symptoms should be considered with caution in screening and primary care. The finding has significant implications for assessing with self-report questionnaires, which are widely used in clinical settings. Study 3 was based on the same sample as study 2 and investigated risk factors associated with antenatal depression in China. China has undergone drastic socio-economic and political transformation in the last twenty years. Unfortunately, market reform is creating less favourable employment conditions, and the traditional value of male dominance still stands firmly in the society. Women are facing more financial insecurity and a tight birth control policy and growing stress in work-and-family balance. All these create an environment that could contribute to their depression that could be expressed in a different way from Western populations. Depression may also be underlined by different risk factors related to the social and cultural environment. This study measured demographic characteristics (including age, education, employment, week of gestation, first pregnancy), social support, social activity, work stress, and work-family balance and their relationship with depression. It included three parts. In part 1 participants were classified into depressed and non-depressed groups using EPDS > 10 as the cut-off point for depression. The two groups were compared on demographic variables using the Chi-square test and on psychosocial risk factors using the Mann-Whitney U test. No significant demographic variable was found to distinguish the two groups, whereas self-esteem, work stress and social activities differed significant between depressed and non-depressed pregnant women. Bivariate correlations between psychosocial risk factors and depressive scales (MDAS, BDI and EPDS) gave rise to significant correlations between risk factors and each scale. In the third part hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis examined associations between social and demographic risk factors and depression. The results showed that work stress, work-and-family balance, social activity and social support were significantly associated with depressive severity in overall severity of depression (total MDAS score) and each domain of depressive severity (each subscale of MDAS). In conclusion, the three studies together provide novel insight into our understanding of depression within and outside of pregnancy in Chinese women, in terms of symptoms and risk factors. The Western conceptualization of depression possesses great validity across cultures, that the core symptoms of depression remain universal for diagnosis. Chinese cultural values and social environment are reflected in the cultural expressions of depressive symptoms especially in depressed individuals but less affective in pregnant women. As hypothesized, Chinese society influenced risk factors related to education and work-family balance in pregnant women. The result supported using a scale with a comprehensive interpersonal symptom checklist because it potentially captures Chinese expression and experience, which could be characterized by an interpersonal style of illness presentation. In addition, the best-fit four-factor model supported including interpersonal symptoms in self-report measures and they are also related to different risk factors from other domains of depressive symptoms. This could be linked to some unfavourable social and cultural influence pregnant Chinese women experience. The thesis gives rise to implications for potential clinical applications. The advancement of cultural characteristics in symptom contents in both clinical and pregnant population facilitates a better symptom checklist for assessing depression severity. In particular, it helps to modify existing self-report questionnaires with culturally sensitive symptoms for better discrimination of individuals.

As a result of complex extensional tectonics in northeast China and southern portions of Mongolia, some workers have interpreted the Cretaceous Maanshan Uplift and associated Chifeng basins as metamorphic core complex. Previous work has relied solely upon kinematic indicators to determine the structural origin of these basins. To fully understand the creation of these basins, the sedimentiological record was analyzed in this study. The early Cretaceous sedimentary fill of these basins was analyzed to determine if it is synextensional in nature, and if so what manner of extension was in progress during that deposition. The Chifeng basins are filled with four distinct facies associations and are floored by Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous volcanics of intermediate and felsic composition. The facies associations observed are interpreted as lacustrine/fluvial deposits, alluvial fan conglomerates, distal fan deposits with fluvial deposits, and hanging wall derived fluvial deposits. These facies are composed of sediment shed from the footwall and hanging wall of the master faults and volcanic deposits. Paleocurrent indicators, primarily in the form of imbrication, along with clast count data show provenance directly off the structure separating the two basins and from the eastern margin of the southeast basin. The distribution of facies, as well as paleocurrent data, provenance data, and structural geometry, implies that these basins are of half-graben origin and that no sedimentological evidence exists of an Early Cretaceous metamorphic core complex near Chifeng.