Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-14T20:26:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IngridFreitasDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 762902 bytes, checksum: e2c258d92c7fc1a113658a55badfe1af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-19T20:57:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IngridFreitasDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 762902 bytes, checksum: e2c258d92c7fc1a113658a55badfe1af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-19T20:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IngridFreitasDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 762902 bytes, checksum: e2c258d92c7fc1a113658a55badfe1af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-29 / Este estudo teve por objetivo diagnosticar o estado nutricional de crian?as menores de 5 anos e idosos no Brasil no ano de 2009, bem como caracterizar este perfil nutricional segundo poss?veis diferenciais sociais, demogr?ficos e regionais. Realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo de base populacional a partir de dados da Pesquisa de Or?amento Familiar (POF- 2008/2009) avaliando crian?as menores de 5 anos de idade (n=14.569), foco do primeiro artigo, e indiv?duos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos (n=20.114), no segundo artigo. Para as crian?as, o estado nutricional foi classificado segundo os ?ndices Peso-para-idade, Estatura-para-idade e Peso-para-estatura e para os idosos, segundo o ?ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Para verificar a associa??o entre vari?veis sociais e demogr?ficas com o estado nutricional das crian?as utilizou-se o teste de associa??o de Pearson, regress?es log?sticas e an?lises de correspond?ncia. As associa??es entre o estado nutricional dos idosos e as vari?veis sociais e demogr?ficas foram testadas a partir do teste de associa??o de Pearson e de modelos lineares multin?veis. Realizou-se ainda uma an?lise de compara??o das m?dias de IMC entre as Unidades da Federa??o a partir de testes de ANOVA e Tukey. Considerou-se o n?vel de signific?ncia de 5% para todos os testes. Os resultados mostraram maiores preval?ncias de d?ficit nutricionais em crian?as oriundas das regi?es Norte e Nordeste, pertencentes ?s fam?lias com menores n?veis de renda per capita (at? ? de sal?rio m?nimo e de ? a ? sal?rio m?nimo) e de cor/ra?a preta e ind?gena. J? o sobrepeso demonstrou maior associa??o ?s crian?as das regi?es Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, do sexo masculino, residentes no estrato urbano do pa?s, de cor/ra?a branca e pertencentes ?s fam?lias com faixas de renda per capita intermedi?rias (1/2 a 1 sal?rio m?nino e de 1 a 5 sal?rios m?nimos). Observaram-se maiores preval?ncias de d?ficit ponderal em idosos do sexo masculino, cor/ra?a amarela e preta, longevos (80 anos e mais), com renda per capita de at? ? de sal?rio m?nimo, com menores n?veis de instru??o, residentes no estrato rural e nas regi?es Nordeste e Centro-Oeste e em idosos que declararam morar sozinhos. Com rela??o ? ocorr?ncia de obesidade, esta se mostrou mais prevalente em idosos do sexo feminino, mais jovens (60 a 69 anos), com as maiores faixas de renda per capita, residentes nas regi?es Sul e Sudeste, nos estratos urbanos e naqueles que residiam sozinhos. Sugere-se a continuidade do monitoramento e do estudo dos condicionantes do estado nutricional de crian?as e idosos visando estabelecer estrat?gias de interven??o adequadas e espec?ficas aos grupos populacionais mais vulner?veis ao risco nutricional / This study aimed to diagnose the nutritional status of children under the age of 5 and elderly in Brazil in 2009, as well as to characterize these nutritional profiles according to social, demographic and regional differences. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted by using data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey (POF-2008/2009) which assessed children under 5 years old (n = 14,569), as the focus for the first article; and individuals aged equal of above 60 years old (n = 20,114), as for the second article. The nutritional status of children was classified in consonance with weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height indexes; and according to Body Mass Index (BMI) as for the elderly. The Pearson?s association test, logistic regression and correspondence analysis were used in order to determine the association between social and demographic variables with the nutritional status of children. The associations between the elderly nutritional status and the social and demographic variables were assessed by using Pearson?s association test and multilevel linear models. A comparison analysis regarding mean BMI between administrative units of the country was also conducted through ANOVA and Tukey tests. The significance level of 5% was considered for all tests. The results showed higher prevalence of nutritional deficits in children from the North and Northeast regions, belonging to families with lower per capita income (up to ? of the minimum wage and ? to ? of it) and black and indigenous children populations. When it comes to overweight, it was noticed a greater association with white male children from the South, Southeast and Centre-west regions, who reside in the urban stratum of the country and belong to families with intermediate per capita income levels (? to 1 of the minimum wage and 1 to 5 of it).A higher prevalence of underweight was noticed among black and yellow elderly male, the oldest old (80 and over), with per capita income of up to ? of the minimum wage, with lower levels of education, living in rural stratum, from the Northeast and Centre-west regions and those who reported residing alone. The occurrence of obesity was more prevalent among female elderly, younger (60-69 years old), with the highest rates of per capita income, living in the South and Southeast regions, in urban stratum and those who reported residing alone. The continuity of monitoring and studying the determinants of nutritional status of children and the elderly is suggested in contemplation of establishing appropriate strategies of intervention to the most vulnerable population groups at nutritional risk