AFRIKAANS: In hierdie navorsing is deur aksienavorsing ondersoek ingestel na strategieë wat vir opvoeders bruikbaar is in die hantering van leerders met emosionele en gedragsbehoeftes binne die opset van insluitende onderwys. Leerders in Suid-Afrikaanse skole en klaskamers openbaar ʼn wye verskeidenheid emosionele en gedragsbehoeftes, en hierdie behoeftes word as een van die vernaamste knelpunte deur alle belanghebbendes in die land se onderwys uitgesonder. Anders as in die verlede word daar nou van opvoeders verwag om die primêre hulpverleners te wees van leerders met behoeftes in die konteks van die insluitende klaskamer. In die lig hiervan benodig opvoeders bemagtiging om die leerders te hanteer deur ’n verskeidenheid strategieë te kan gebruik. Die navorsing het deur verskeie fases verloop waar die aanvanklike behoeftes van die opvoeders bepaal is, asook die stand van sake voor die intervensie. Op grond hiervan is ʼn implementeringsprogram saamgestel wat gefokus het op die ontwikkeling van strategieë vir opvoeders van die twee skole, die toepassing daarvan in hul klasse/skool en die effek wat dit op die klasse/skool gehad het. Die implementering is op verskeie sistemiese vlakke gemoniteer – deur die opvoeders in hul eie klasse, maar ook deur eksterne waarnemers en die navorser. Gedurende die fases is die intervensie voortdurend aangepas namate nuwe behoeftes bekend geraak het. Die deelnemers het ook insette gelewer ten opsigte van strategieë en hoe dit aangepas kon word. Nuwe gemeenskaplike kennis van strategieë het tydens die intervensie ontstaan. Na afloop van die program het opvoeders die strategieë vir die hantering van leerders met emosionele en gedragsbehoeftes kwantitatief beoordeel, op grond van die bruikbaarheid daarvan in die skool- en klasopset. Uit my bevindinge het dit geblyk dat opvoeders bemagtiging benodig om met leerders met emosionele en gedragsbehoeftes te werk. Die indiensopleidings-program waaraan 47 opvoeders van twee skole deelgeneem het, het daartoe bygedra dat die opvoeders se ingesteldheid teenoor leerders verander het. Na die opleiding was hulle bekend met meer strategieë om leerdergedrag te hanteer en het ‘n gevoel van sukses beleef in die klas, wat bygedra het tot ‘n positiewe belewenis van die klassituasie. Van die strategieë wat as die bruikbaarste beoordeel is, het gehandel oor klaskamerpraktyke en strategieë om taakgerigtheid te bevorder. Ander strategieë het aspekte rondom skoolbestuur en ondersteuning aan ouers ingesluit. Enkele opvoeders het ook meer gevorderde strategieë, soos kognitiewe en gedragstegnieke gebruik. Opvoeders het positiewe reaksie aangemeld van leerders waar die strategieë toegepas is. Hierdie studie is deur ‘n proses van aksienavorsing uitgevoer en kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodes is gebruik. Die resultate is van toepassing binne hierdie bepaalde konteks. Volgens die navorser kan hierdie opleidingsprogram aangepas word om aan die behoefte vir indiensopleiding vir opvoeders te voorsien. Opleiding kan moontlik fokus op ʼn kleiner aantal strategieë wat deeglik ingeoefen en vasgelê kan word. Dit is verkieslik dat al die personeel van ‘n skool, insluitend die skoolbestuurspan, aan die opleiding moet deelneem om dit ‘n skoolontwikkelingsprojek te maak. Deur twee skole op verskillende vlakke van implementering saam op te lei, kan opvoeders mekaar stimuleer en kan die toepassing van idees bevorder word. ENGLISH: Learners who exhibit emotional and behavioural needs (e.g. ADHD and depression conduct disorder) seem to present a major challenge for educators in the inclusive mainstream class and educators feel that they are not adequately prepared and trained for these challenges. Action research was chosen as research method. The purpose of this research was to useful strategies which educators could implement in supporting and managing these learners, in the inclusive classroom environment. Learners with emotional and behavioural needs exhibit a wide variety of behaviours at school. In the inclusive education environment educators are expected to be the primary supporters of learners with needs. Although this expectation exists, up till now educators have received little or no training on how to support learners with needs. The research process conducted in this study followed different phases. Firstly, a needs analysis was conducted to determine the current state of affairs, the needs of educators, and strategies currently in use. Information that became evident through the needs analysis and literature research prescribed the format and aspects to be included in the initial intervention programme. During the execution of this programme, current strategies were adapted and new ones developed. Needs that came to the fore during the implementation were recognised and incorporated. The implementation was monitored on different levels, for example by teachers who implemented the strategies in their classrooms and provided feedback, by the researcher, and also by external observers. The focus was not only on the strategies, but also on processes. Changes that were observed in the different systems were assessed. During the final step of the implementation phase, educators, based on their practical experience, were required to rate the usefulness of all the different strategies that were either part of the initial presentation or were generated during the course of implementation. The qualitative as well as quantitative findings indicated that the educators became more capable of supporting these learners and implemented a wide variety of strategies. Classroom management strategies and strategies to support task behaviour were found to be the most helpful. Educators also gained more than merely knowledge. Changes in the relationship between educators and these learners were noticeable and they became aware of feelings of personal achievement and competency. Changes also occurred at other systemic levels, such as in the learners, the school, the community and even in the broader education system. This study was undertaken on a small group of educators in a particular context. Whilst the findings cannot be generalised, it is suggested that this programme may also be beneficial for educators to support learners with emotional and behavioural needs in other environments. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted

This research investigates the education of entrepreneurship to learners with learning difficulties. It is important to keep in mind the rights and possibilities of a learner with learning difficulties. Two entrepreneurship programmes were presented to two different groups of learners at Oom Paul School. Learners with learning disabilities can be categorised as poor performers, learners with behavioural and emotional problems, development problems (for example a language deficit), as well as learners with permanent disabilities- physically, intellectual and sensorial. An important part of this research will focus on the discussion on the causes of learning difficulties and problems of learners. One of the most important aims in education, especially in teaching learners with learning difficulties, is to guide learners to become a part of adulthood and the business world as a responsible and active member of society. Unfortunately, there are many learners who- after a successful school career seems to get "lost" along the way, because of society's discrimination. Several entrepreneurial programmes have been developed and have been implemented with great success at various schools, with reference in particular to the programmes "Business Ventures" and "Entrepreneurskap: jou eie besigheid". Above mentioned programmes are developed for main stream education and are not necessarily suitable for learners with learning difficulties. According to literary studies on education on entrepreneurship, this study field is relatively new in RSA and that no research regarding entrepreneurship education for learners with learning difficulties has been done. This research has pointed out that the teaching and education of entrepreneurship to learners with learning difficulties can be successful with a few adjustments. The new outcomes-based curriculum for general education and training for further education is Curriculum 2005. This curriculum is learner centred and is beneficiary for the learner with disabilities and difficulties. The principles of outcomes-based curriculum (Curriculum 2005) contribute to the accommodation of all learners in their diversity and needs. The society is looking forward to the implementation of this new curriculum, due to the fact that discrimination against learners with learning disabilities/difficulties will no longer be part of our education. Awareness of entrepreneurship and teaching of entrepreneurship is part of the eight learning areas and also one of the critical outcomes of Curriculum 2005. Entrepreneurial awareness can offer a meaningful contribution to solve an essential problem in the RSA. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000

This research investigates the education of entrepreneurship to learners with learning difficulties. It is important to keep in mind the rights and possibilities of a learner with learning difficulties. Two entrepreneurship programmes were presented to two different groups of learners at Oom Paul School. Learners with learning disabilities can be categorised as poor performers, learners with behavioural and emotional problems, development problems (for example a language deficit), as well as learners with permanent disabilities- physically, intellectual and sensorial. An important part of this research will focus on the discussion on the causes of learning difficulties and problems of learners. One of the most important aims in education, especially in teaching learners with learning difficulties, is to guide learners to become a part of adulthood and the business world as a responsible and active member of society. Unfortunately, there are many learners who- after a successful school career seems to get "lost" along the way, because of society's discrimination. Several entrepreneurial programmes have been developed and have been implemented with great success at various schools, with reference in particular to the programmes "Business Ventures" and "Entrepreneurskap: jou eie besigheid". Above mentioned programmes are developed for main stream education and are not necessarily suitable for learners with learning difficulties. According to literary studies on education on entrepreneurship, this study field is relatively new in RSA and that no research regarding entrepreneurship education for learners with learning difficulties has been done. This research has pointed out that the teaching and education of entrepreneurship to learners with learning difficulties can be successful with a few adjustments. The new outcomes-based curriculum for general education and training for further education is Curriculum 2005. This curriculum is learner centred and is beneficiary for the learner with disabilities and difficulties. The principles of outcomes-based curriculum (Curriculum 2005) contribute to the accommodation of all learners in their diversity and needs. The society is looking forward to the implementation of this new curriculum, due to the fact that discrimination against learners with learning disabilities/difficulties will no longer be part of our education. Awareness of entrepreneurship and teaching of entrepreneurship is part of the eight learning areas and also one of the critical outcomes of Curriculum 2005. Entrepreneurial awareness can offer a meaningful contribution to solve an essential problem in the RSA. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000