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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A food safety plan for the game meat industry in South Africa

Bekker, Johan Leon. January 2011 (has links)
Thesis (DTech. degree in Environmental Health)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2011. / The South African game farming industry has become a world leader in the utilization of game, including the meat of game animals. The fast growth in the game meat industry is fuelled by health conscious consumers for meat with a low fat content. Although research on the production potential of African ungulates has been done, little has been done on the factors in the supply chain that affect the provision of safe game meat to the consumer. A literature review of the study field was completed to obtain an understanding of the value chain. In order to obtain information regarding the status of existing policies, strategies and practices that may impact on game meat safety, questionnaires were distributed to game farmers, hunters, butcheries, provincial offices of Veterinary Public Health (VPH) and Environmental Health (EH) as well as municipalities. Interviews were also conducted with those members of national departments who are responsible for policy making. The results represent the first systematic analysis of the current status of the South African legal framework and its application in relation to game meat safety as well as the practices by stakeholders that impact on the provision of safe game meat to the consumer. The results provide information on the current status of game meat control in South Africa, a description of the game meat supply chain and essential food safety management points in the supply chain; game farmer, hunter and butchery practices; and the knowledge of stakeholders in the game meat industry. 220 The main conclusions drawn from the study were as follows: (1) that the game meat industry is growing in South Africa; (2) that game meat reaches the consumers through a complex supply chain with various stakeholders; (3) that gaps exist in the supply chain that may impact negatively on the supply of safe game meat to the consumer. These gaps apply in particular on the farm, during hunting and control after the farm gate; (4) that there is an inconsistent application of policies and regulations by controlling authorities that leads to fragmentation in the control of game meat safety; and (5) that there is a certain degree of unfamiliarity on the part of stakeholders with regard to the game meat supply chain. A theoretical model was suggested that can be used in the development of strategies and policies that will help to alleviate the identified concerns and problems that may impact negatively on the provision of safe game meat to the consumer.
2

Análise crítica de experiências e discussão de estratégias para implantação de leis de inspeção de elementos de fachadas / Critical analysis on experiences and discussion of strategies for the implementation of façade element inspection laws

Oliveira, Cristiane Sardin Padilla de January 2013 (has links)
O presente trabalho faz uma avaliação do histórico de desenvolvimento e aplicação de leis de inspeções prediais em geral no Brasil, com foco particular nas leis especificas de inspeção de elementos de fachada. O mesmo busca discutir os papéis dessas leis como instrumentos de gestão de riscos na construção civil, destacando os avanços, limitações e tendências do processo de implantação desse tipo de legislação. A lógica e o conhecimento teórico acumulado na área indicam que a adoção de um sistema de inspeção adequado pode contribuir para a detecção precoce de problemas, que podem então ser corrigidos através de ações de manutenção preventiva, com menor custo e risco para os usuários. Essa é uma demanda fundamental em muitas cidades brasileiras, que apresentam um conjunto de edificações em idade avançada e com problemas de conservação. Sinistros repetidos, culminando na tragédia ocorrida no Rio de Janeiro em 2012, fizeram com que a edição de leis de inspeção entrasse na pauta política de várias administrações e do Congresso Nacional. Todavia, a análise de experiências práticas evidencia que existem dificuldades e obstáculos, culturais, técnicos e econômicos, que necessitam ser discutidos e superados para que uma estratégia de gestão de risco através de leis de inspeção possa ser adotada de forma eficaz. O trabalho busca colaborar com essa discussão, revisando criticamente a experiência de Porto Alegre, um dos primeiros municípios a implantar uma lei de inspeção específica de elementos de fachada, a Lei Municipal nº 6.323/88, regulamentada pelo Decreto 9425. Esses regramentos determinaram que os responsáveis pelas edificações apresentassem à Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação (SMOV), a cada 03 anos, um laudo de estabilidade estrutural das marquises localizadas sobre logradouros públicos. Essa lei, popularizada como “Lei das Marquises”, foi criada em resposta a 2 sinistros traumáticos envolvendo a queda de seções de marquises no centro da cidade, ocorridos no final dos anos 80, e teve um impacto importante no estado de conservação do estoque de marquises da cidade. Ao mesmo tempo, representou um marco significativo no histórico de implantação de leis de inspeção no Brasil, tendo influenciado vários outros municípios a adotar legislações semelhantes. Após 30 anos, considera-se importante avaliar seus efeitos e analisar as evoluções e dificuldades enfrentadas em sua aplicação, de forma a que seja possível orientar outras experiências. Essa é a motivação fundamental da pesquisa. Para complementar e enriquecer as análises, o trabalho buscou gerar um indicativo da eficiência e qualidade dos Laudos de Marquise que estão sendo entregues. Com esse intuito, a autora, auxiliada por outros pesquisadores do Grupo LEME/UFRGS, efetuou uma inspeção paralela de 135 estruturas, gerando dados usados para comparação com os constantes em laudos arquivados na Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação (SMOV). Em paralelo, se buscou uma forma de avaliar qual a percepção da população acerca dos conceitos associados à implantação de leis de inspeção e estratégias de manutenção preventiva, e estimar qual a aceitação dos custos associados a essas estratégias. Para tanto foi realizado um levantamento de dados, através de entrevistas e questionários, junto a usuários de 24 edificações da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Esse esforço evidenciou que existe um bom conhecimento dos riscos e uma aceitação da necessidade de inspeções, mas que o custo ainda é uma barreira. Visando aproveitar e consolidar todo o conhecimento adquirido nessas diversas análises, o trabalho finaliza apresentando uma proposta de diretrizes consideradas úteis para orientar a implantação de leis de inspeção de elementos de fachada. / This study evaluated the history of the development and application of building inspection laws in Brazil in general, with special focus on specific laws for the inspection of façade elements. The role of these laws as risk management tools in civil construction is discussed, stressing developments, limitations and trends of their implementation process. Logics and the theoretical knowledge accumulated on this subject suggest that the adoption of a proper system may allow the early detection of problems, which can then be corrected by preventive maintenance actions, and therefore are less costly and pose fewer risks to the users. This is a critical demand in many Brazilian cities that have many old buildings with conservation problems. Repeated accidents, which culminated in the tragedy in Rio de Janeiro in 2012, inserted the issuing of inspection laws in the political agenda of many local administrations and of the National Congress. However, the analysis of practical experiences shows that there are cultural, technical, and economic obstacles that need to be discussed and overcome to allow the adoption of an efficient risk management strategy based on inspection laws. This study aims at contributing for this discussion making a critical review of the experience of Porto Alegre, which was one of the first cities to implement a specific law for the inspection of façade elements (Municipal Act n. 6.323/88, regulated by Order 9425). These regulations established that those responsible for the building have to present to the local department of works (Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação – SMOV) a report on the structural stability of the marquees located on public areas every three years. This so-called “Marquee Act” was issued in response to two severe accidents that involved the fall of marquee sections downtown by the end of the 1980s and that had an important impact on the conservation status of the city’s marquee inventory. It was also a landmark in the history of the implementation of inspection laws in Brazil, as it influenced the adoption of similar legislation in other cities. After 30 years, it is important to evaluate its effects and to analyze the advances and obstacles to their application in order to guide other experiences. This is the main motivation of this research study. In order to complement and enrich the analyses, an indication of efficiency and quality of the marquee reports is pursued. Based on a parallel inspection of 135 structures, made by the author, with the aid of other researchers of the group LEME/UFRGS, data was collected to compare with those reported and filed at the local department of works (SMOV). Also, a survey of the public perception relative to the concepts associated with the implementation of inspection laws and preventive maintenance strategies was carried out, checking the acceptance of the costs associated with these strategies. This assessment was made using interviews and questionnaires applied to users of 24 buildings of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. The results showed that the population is aware of the risks and accepts the need for inspections, but that cost is still an obstacle. Aiming at using and consolidating the knowledge acquired through these analyses, the study ends proposing some guidelines considered useful for the implementation of façade element inspection laws.
3

Análise crítica de experiências e discussão de estratégias para implantação de leis de inspeção de elementos de fachadas / Critical analysis on experiences and discussion of strategies for the implementation of façade element inspection laws

Oliveira, Cristiane Sardin Padilla de January 2013 (has links)
O presente trabalho faz uma avaliação do histórico de desenvolvimento e aplicação de leis de inspeções prediais em geral no Brasil, com foco particular nas leis especificas de inspeção de elementos de fachada. O mesmo busca discutir os papéis dessas leis como instrumentos de gestão de riscos na construção civil, destacando os avanços, limitações e tendências do processo de implantação desse tipo de legislação. A lógica e o conhecimento teórico acumulado na área indicam que a adoção de um sistema de inspeção adequado pode contribuir para a detecção precoce de problemas, que podem então ser corrigidos através de ações de manutenção preventiva, com menor custo e risco para os usuários. Essa é uma demanda fundamental em muitas cidades brasileiras, que apresentam um conjunto de edificações em idade avançada e com problemas de conservação. Sinistros repetidos, culminando na tragédia ocorrida no Rio de Janeiro em 2012, fizeram com que a edição de leis de inspeção entrasse na pauta política de várias administrações e do Congresso Nacional. Todavia, a análise de experiências práticas evidencia que existem dificuldades e obstáculos, culturais, técnicos e econômicos, que necessitam ser discutidos e superados para que uma estratégia de gestão de risco através de leis de inspeção possa ser adotada de forma eficaz. O trabalho busca colaborar com essa discussão, revisando criticamente a experiência de Porto Alegre, um dos primeiros municípios a implantar uma lei de inspeção específica de elementos de fachada, a Lei Municipal nº 6.323/88, regulamentada pelo Decreto 9425. Esses regramentos determinaram que os responsáveis pelas edificações apresentassem à Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação (SMOV), a cada 03 anos, um laudo de estabilidade estrutural das marquises localizadas sobre logradouros públicos. Essa lei, popularizada como “Lei das Marquises”, foi criada em resposta a 2 sinistros traumáticos envolvendo a queda de seções de marquises no centro da cidade, ocorridos no final dos anos 80, e teve um impacto importante no estado de conservação do estoque de marquises da cidade. Ao mesmo tempo, representou um marco significativo no histórico de implantação de leis de inspeção no Brasil, tendo influenciado vários outros municípios a adotar legislações semelhantes. Após 30 anos, considera-se importante avaliar seus efeitos e analisar as evoluções e dificuldades enfrentadas em sua aplicação, de forma a que seja possível orientar outras experiências. Essa é a motivação fundamental da pesquisa. Para complementar e enriquecer as análises, o trabalho buscou gerar um indicativo da eficiência e qualidade dos Laudos de Marquise que estão sendo entregues. Com esse intuito, a autora, auxiliada por outros pesquisadores do Grupo LEME/UFRGS, efetuou uma inspeção paralela de 135 estruturas, gerando dados usados para comparação com os constantes em laudos arquivados na Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação (SMOV). Em paralelo, se buscou uma forma de avaliar qual a percepção da população acerca dos conceitos associados à implantação de leis de inspeção e estratégias de manutenção preventiva, e estimar qual a aceitação dos custos associados a essas estratégias. Para tanto foi realizado um levantamento de dados, através de entrevistas e questionários, junto a usuários de 24 edificações da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Esse esforço evidenciou que existe um bom conhecimento dos riscos e uma aceitação da necessidade de inspeções, mas que o custo ainda é uma barreira. Visando aproveitar e consolidar todo o conhecimento adquirido nessas diversas análises, o trabalho finaliza apresentando uma proposta de diretrizes consideradas úteis para orientar a implantação de leis de inspeção de elementos de fachada. / This study evaluated the history of the development and application of building inspection laws in Brazil in general, with special focus on specific laws for the inspection of façade elements. The role of these laws as risk management tools in civil construction is discussed, stressing developments, limitations and trends of their implementation process. Logics and the theoretical knowledge accumulated on this subject suggest that the adoption of a proper system may allow the early detection of problems, which can then be corrected by preventive maintenance actions, and therefore are less costly and pose fewer risks to the users. This is a critical demand in many Brazilian cities that have many old buildings with conservation problems. Repeated accidents, which culminated in the tragedy in Rio de Janeiro in 2012, inserted the issuing of inspection laws in the political agenda of many local administrations and of the National Congress. However, the analysis of practical experiences shows that there are cultural, technical, and economic obstacles that need to be discussed and overcome to allow the adoption of an efficient risk management strategy based on inspection laws. This study aims at contributing for this discussion making a critical review of the experience of Porto Alegre, which was one of the first cities to implement a specific law for the inspection of façade elements (Municipal Act n. 6.323/88, regulated by Order 9425). These regulations established that those responsible for the building have to present to the local department of works (Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação – SMOV) a report on the structural stability of the marquees located on public areas every three years. This so-called “Marquee Act” was issued in response to two severe accidents that involved the fall of marquee sections downtown by the end of the 1980s and that had an important impact on the conservation status of the city’s marquee inventory. It was also a landmark in the history of the implementation of inspection laws in Brazil, as it influenced the adoption of similar legislation in other cities. After 30 years, it is important to evaluate its effects and to analyze the advances and obstacles to their application in order to guide other experiences. This is the main motivation of this research study. In order to complement and enrich the analyses, an indication of efficiency and quality of the marquee reports is pursued. Based on a parallel inspection of 135 structures, made by the author, with the aid of other researchers of the group LEME/UFRGS, data was collected to compare with those reported and filed at the local department of works (SMOV). Also, a survey of the public perception relative to the concepts associated with the implementation of inspection laws and preventive maintenance strategies was carried out, checking the acceptance of the costs associated with these strategies. This assessment was made using interviews and questionnaires applied to users of 24 buildings of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. The results showed that the population is aware of the risks and accepts the need for inspections, but that cost is still an obstacle. Aiming at using and consolidating the knowledge acquired through these analyses, the study ends proposing some guidelines considered useful for the implementation of façade element inspection laws.
4

Análise crítica de experiências e discussão de estratégias para implantação de leis de inspeção de elementos de fachadas / Critical analysis on experiences and discussion of strategies for the implementation of façade element inspection laws

Oliveira, Cristiane Sardin Padilla de January 2013 (has links)
O presente trabalho faz uma avaliação do histórico de desenvolvimento e aplicação de leis de inspeções prediais em geral no Brasil, com foco particular nas leis especificas de inspeção de elementos de fachada. O mesmo busca discutir os papéis dessas leis como instrumentos de gestão de riscos na construção civil, destacando os avanços, limitações e tendências do processo de implantação desse tipo de legislação. A lógica e o conhecimento teórico acumulado na área indicam que a adoção de um sistema de inspeção adequado pode contribuir para a detecção precoce de problemas, que podem então ser corrigidos através de ações de manutenção preventiva, com menor custo e risco para os usuários. Essa é uma demanda fundamental em muitas cidades brasileiras, que apresentam um conjunto de edificações em idade avançada e com problemas de conservação. Sinistros repetidos, culminando na tragédia ocorrida no Rio de Janeiro em 2012, fizeram com que a edição de leis de inspeção entrasse na pauta política de várias administrações e do Congresso Nacional. Todavia, a análise de experiências práticas evidencia que existem dificuldades e obstáculos, culturais, técnicos e econômicos, que necessitam ser discutidos e superados para que uma estratégia de gestão de risco através de leis de inspeção possa ser adotada de forma eficaz. O trabalho busca colaborar com essa discussão, revisando criticamente a experiência de Porto Alegre, um dos primeiros municípios a implantar uma lei de inspeção específica de elementos de fachada, a Lei Municipal nº 6.323/88, regulamentada pelo Decreto 9425. Esses regramentos determinaram que os responsáveis pelas edificações apresentassem à Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação (SMOV), a cada 03 anos, um laudo de estabilidade estrutural das marquises localizadas sobre logradouros públicos. Essa lei, popularizada como “Lei das Marquises”, foi criada em resposta a 2 sinistros traumáticos envolvendo a queda de seções de marquises no centro da cidade, ocorridos no final dos anos 80, e teve um impacto importante no estado de conservação do estoque de marquises da cidade. Ao mesmo tempo, representou um marco significativo no histórico de implantação de leis de inspeção no Brasil, tendo influenciado vários outros municípios a adotar legislações semelhantes. Após 30 anos, considera-se importante avaliar seus efeitos e analisar as evoluções e dificuldades enfrentadas em sua aplicação, de forma a que seja possível orientar outras experiências. Essa é a motivação fundamental da pesquisa. Para complementar e enriquecer as análises, o trabalho buscou gerar um indicativo da eficiência e qualidade dos Laudos de Marquise que estão sendo entregues. Com esse intuito, a autora, auxiliada por outros pesquisadores do Grupo LEME/UFRGS, efetuou uma inspeção paralela de 135 estruturas, gerando dados usados para comparação com os constantes em laudos arquivados na Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação (SMOV). Em paralelo, se buscou uma forma de avaliar qual a percepção da população acerca dos conceitos associados à implantação de leis de inspeção e estratégias de manutenção preventiva, e estimar qual a aceitação dos custos associados a essas estratégias. Para tanto foi realizado um levantamento de dados, através de entrevistas e questionários, junto a usuários de 24 edificações da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Esse esforço evidenciou que existe um bom conhecimento dos riscos e uma aceitação da necessidade de inspeções, mas que o custo ainda é uma barreira. Visando aproveitar e consolidar todo o conhecimento adquirido nessas diversas análises, o trabalho finaliza apresentando uma proposta de diretrizes consideradas úteis para orientar a implantação de leis de inspeção de elementos de fachada. / This study evaluated the history of the development and application of building inspection laws in Brazil in general, with special focus on specific laws for the inspection of façade elements. The role of these laws as risk management tools in civil construction is discussed, stressing developments, limitations and trends of their implementation process. Logics and the theoretical knowledge accumulated on this subject suggest that the adoption of a proper system may allow the early detection of problems, which can then be corrected by preventive maintenance actions, and therefore are less costly and pose fewer risks to the users. This is a critical demand in many Brazilian cities that have many old buildings with conservation problems. Repeated accidents, which culminated in the tragedy in Rio de Janeiro in 2012, inserted the issuing of inspection laws in the political agenda of many local administrations and of the National Congress. However, the analysis of practical experiences shows that there are cultural, technical, and economic obstacles that need to be discussed and overcome to allow the adoption of an efficient risk management strategy based on inspection laws. This study aims at contributing for this discussion making a critical review of the experience of Porto Alegre, which was one of the first cities to implement a specific law for the inspection of façade elements (Municipal Act n. 6.323/88, regulated by Order 9425). These regulations established that those responsible for the building have to present to the local department of works (Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação – SMOV) a report on the structural stability of the marquees located on public areas every three years. This so-called “Marquee Act” was issued in response to two severe accidents that involved the fall of marquee sections downtown by the end of the 1980s and that had an important impact on the conservation status of the city’s marquee inventory. It was also a landmark in the history of the implementation of inspection laws in Brazil, as it influenced the adoption of similar legislation in other cities. After 30 years, it is important to evaluate its effects and to analyze the advances and obstacles to their application in order to guide other experiences. This is the main motivation of this research study. In order to complement and enrich the analyses, an indication of efficiency and quality of the marquee reports is pursued. Based on a parallel inspection of 135 structures, made by the author, with the aid of other researchers of the group LEME/UFRGS, data was collected to compare with those reported and filed at the local department of works (SMOV). Also, a survey of the public perception relative to the concepts associated with the implementation of inspection laws and preventive maintenance strategies was carried out, checking the acceptance of the costs associated with these strategies. This assessment was made using interviews and questionnaires applied to users of 24 buildings of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. The results showed that the population is aware of the risks and accepts the need for inspections, but that cost is still an obstacle. Aiming at using and consolidating the knowledge acquired through these analyses, the study ends proposing some guidelines considered useful for the implementation of façade element inspection laws.
5

The Effect of Food Safety and Quality on the Consumption and Price of Meat in Beijing, China

Shang, Xia January 2011 (has links)
China's economic success has helped it become one of the largest markets in the world. As a result, the demand for agricultural commodities in China has experienced a significant increase. Increasingly affluent Chinese people are paying increasing attention to food safety and quality instead of just quantity. Understanding how meat demands and prices are related to food safety and quality in Beijing will provide guidance for industry and policymakers interested in the Chinese meat market. The purpose of this study is to develop two models to analyze meat demand and prices associated with food safety and quality respectively. First, An Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is used to investigate the effects of food safety on meat consumption. To address the potential bias of zero consumption in the estimation procedures, a simulated maximum likelihood (SML) estimation is applied in the regression. Second, we analyze the implicit price of meat with the intrinsic and extrinsic attributes using a hedonic price model. Five meat categories are regressed on several intrinsic and extrinsic attributes in the model using household survey data collected in Beijing in 2007. The key results of this research have two major outcomes. First, food safety has a significant and positive influence on meat consumption for Beijing residents. Second, the quality-related attributes or characteristics such as meat appearance, supermarket, meat brand, and processed meat as well as demographic variables such as household head's income have a significantly positive influence on the price of meat, which suggest that the consumers in Beijing are willing to pay a price premium to guarantee the quality and safety of meat.
6

Zur Umsetzung von EG-Richtlinien und staatengerichteten EG-Entscheidungen in deutsches Recht und Überprüfung der Umsetzung der Fleischhygienegebührenrechtsakte der EG

Tuengerthal, Hansjürgen January 2002 (has links)
Das nationale Recht wird mehr und mehr durch EG-Recht beeinflussst. In diesem Zusammenhang ergeben sich bei denjenigen EG-Rechtsakten, die anders als EG-Verordnungen nicht unmittelbar in den Mitgliedstaaten gelten, sondern von diesen in nationales Recht umgesetzt werden müssen, vielfältige Probleme. Diese Probleme behandelt der Verfasser aus der Sicht des Anwalts in einer Weise, dass diejenigen, die sich in der Praxis mit derartigen Umsetzungsfragen zu beschäftigen haben, wertvolle Hinweise für eine konkret zu lösende Umsetzungsproblematik erhalten. Ergänzt und damit noch transparenter werden seine Lösungsvorschläge dadurch, dass der Verfasser sie im zweiten Teil der Untersuchung auf die konkrete Fragestellung anwendet, inwieweit es zu einer Umsetzung bzw. ordnungsgemäßen Umsetzung der in den Jahren 1988 bis 2001 erlassenen Fleischhygienegebührenrechtsakte der EG gekommen ist.<br /> Diese Arbeit wurde betreut von Professor Dr. D.C. Umbach an der Universität Potsdam. <br /> <br /> Aus dem Inhalt: Abgrenzung der Umsetzungszuständigkeit zwischen Bund und Ländern. Anforderungen an das Vorliegen eines Umsetzungsaktes sowie an eine ordnungsgemäße Umsetzung. Rechtsfolgen bei Umsetzungsverstößen. Prozessuale Fragen. / National law finds itself more and more influenced by EC law. Within this context those EC legal acts who have no direct legal validity in the member states, unlike EC regulations, and which have to be transposed in national law by them, produce diverse problems. These problems are treated by the author from the point of view of a lawyer in such a way, that those who have to deal with these questions of transposition in their practice, find valuable indications for tangible solutions of transposition problems. The proposed solutions are supplemented and therefore more transparent since the author applies these solutions in the second part of his treatise to a concrete statement of problems, i.e. to what extent the EC legal acts concerning meat inspection fees have been transposed, respectively, transposed in due from in the years 1988 until 2001.<br /> The paper has been tutored by Prof. Dr. D. C. Umbach of the University of Potsdam. <br /> <br /> From the content: Delimitation of the competence of transposition between the federal state and his federal states. Requirements concerning the presence of an act of transposition as well as transposition in due form. Legal consequences of any non-transposition. Procedural questions.
7

關於中國內地食品安全法律制度若干問題的研究: 由安徽阜陽劣質奶粉事件引發的幾點思考 / 由安徽阜陽劣質奶粉事件引發的幾點思考

侯米蘭 January 2006 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Law

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