Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 albino_e_me_rcla.pdf: 1301680 bytes, checksum: 95d30ba766dc9edf4dd14372bf809fd7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O forrageamento ou busca por alimento nos cupins subterrâneos envolve os operários, os soldados e em menor número as ninfas. O presente estudo foi realizado visando esclarecer aspectos da biologia do forrageamento de ninfas, o qual é pouco conhecido na espécie exótica Coptotermes gestroi. O monitoramento por meio de coletas periódicas em um período de 22 meses em 7 diferentes colônias mostrou que as ninfas forrageiras são produzidas durante todos os meses do ano. Provavelmente, devido à influência tanto de fatores externos como internos, cada colônia de Coptotermes gestroi possui uma dinâmica diferente de formação desses indivíduos. O estudo da biometria das ninfas forrageiras foi realizado para determinar os ínstares presentes nas colônias, sendo que as variáveis analisadas foram largura da cabeça, largura do pronoto, comprimento do broto alar, comprimento da tíbia, região de crescimento da antena e comprimento do corpo. Entretanto, as variáveis região de crescimento da antena e comprimento do corpo, inicialmente propostas, não se mostraram viáveis para a discriminação dos ínstares. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise dos Componentes Principais (ACP) e plotados em diagramas de dispersão para a discriminação dos ínstares. Das 533 ninfas forrageiras coletadas, 34 eram de 3° instar, 280 eram de 4° instar e 219 eram de 5° instar. Apesar de terem sido coletadas ninfas de 3° instar, provavelmente, estas não participam das atividades de forrageamento uma vez que foram coletadas em apenas uma colônia e em quantidade ínfima. O 5° instar ninfal foi coletado nas 8 colônias estudadas, contudo o 4° instar ninfal foi mais numeroso, mesmo tendo sido coletado em apenas 4 das colônias... / The foraging or search for food in subterranean termites involves workers, soldiers and in a small number nymphs. The present study was carried out aimed at clarifying aspects of the nymph foraging biology, which is little known in the exotic species Coptotermes gestroi. The monitoring through regular collections in 7 different colonies for a period of 22 months showed a production of forager nymphs all year round. Probably due to the influence of both internal and external factors each colony of Coptotermes gestroi has a different formation dynamic of these individuals. The biometric study of the forager nymphs was conducted to determine the instars present in the colonies, and the variables head width, pronotum width, wing bud length, right hind tibia length, antennal growing region and body length were measured. However, the variables antennal growing region and body length, originally proposed, were not feasible to instars discrimination. The data were submitted to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and plotted on a scatter diagram to determine the instars. Of the 533 forager nymphs collected, 34 were from 3rd - instar, 280 were from 4th - instar and 219 were from 5th - instar. Although 3rd - instar nymphs have been collected, probably, they do not participate in the foraging activities since they were collected only in one colony and in small quantity. The 5th - nymphal instar was collected in 8 colonies, however the 4th - nymphal instar was more numerous, even being collected in only 4 of all colonies. In order to characterize the instars, the eye color and the number of antennal segments in the of forager nymphs were recorded. These individuals may have light brown or white eyes, the nymphs with white eyes appeared in larger number and were present in all colonies. The sex determination of male and female nymphs was conducted... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos.pdf: 780165 bytes, checksum: de6d416bd5e351432ab7a787d05594f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-20 / The objective of the present study was to describe the biological aspects of Argas (Persicargas) miniatus in controlled conditions to 27?1?C and 80?10% (RH) and outdoor condition. The eggs originated of A. (P.) miniatus females were incubated in conditions mentioned above. The emerged larvae were fed in chick, while the nymphal and adult stages were fed in chicken. The nymphal instars biological characteristics were studied to 15, 30 and 60 days fast periods. The biological aspects of nymphal and adult stages were studied in outdoor condition in the dry (May to October) and rainy (November to April) station. The feeding time, recovery percentage, mortality percentage, weight before and after feeding, molting periods, preoviposition and oviposition, daily eggs output, incubation period, hatching percentage, estimated reproduction and nutritional index were evaluated. The larvae medium weight was 0,94 ? 0,13mg with a medium weight gain of approximately 81,37 times. In acclimatized camera the molting medium period was 6,37?0,24 days, while in outdoor conditions it was 8,12?0,95 days. When evaluated the larvae fixation capacity submitted to different fast periods was observed that unfed larvae maintained in acclimatized camera and outdoor conditions were capable to attachment in birds with fast periods from 6 to 75 days and 8 to 60 days, respectively. When nymphs were submitted to 15 and 30 days fast periods, in both conditions, the development of second and third nymphal instars happened. When submitted to 60 fast period days were verified mortality of 28 and 37% in acclimatized camera and outdoor condition, respectively and survivors do not attachment on the hosts. The nymphs of second instar submitted to 60 fast days developed, in both conditions, in third nymphal instar and male adults. Still in the group submitted to 60 fast days, the nymphs of third instar developed in adults (42,42% and 40,54% males; 36,36% and 48,65% females in outdoor condition and acclimatized camera, respectively) and the others developed in third nymphs instars, and further, developed in female adults. The medium number of produced eggs varied of 46 to 138 eggs in the 18 female s oviposition maintained in controlled conditions; 41 to 108 eggs in the 9 female s oviposition at the rainy station; and 74 to 138 eggs for the females at the dry station, with significant difference in all experimental conditions. The medium duration of the cycle with adults occurrence in N2 was 49.05 days in acclimatized camera, 53.01 days in the dry station and 67.41 days in the rainy station. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that the biological aspects of A. (P.) miniatus are influenced by climatic factors, occurring a biological cycle prolongation during the dry station, period that the temperature is lower. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever os aspectos biol?gicos de Argas (Persicargas) miniatus em condi??es controladas a 27?1?C e 80?10% (UR) e ambiente de laborat?rio. Os ovos oriundos de f?meas de A. (P.) miniatus foram incubados nas condi??es descritas acima. As larvas emergidas foram alimentadas em aves jovens, enquanto que os est?gios ninfais e adultos foram alimentados em aves adultas. As caracter?sticas biol?gicas dos ?nstares ninfais foram estudadas em per?odos de jejum de 15, 30 e 60 dias. Os aspectos biol?gicos dos est?gios ninfais e adultos foram estudados em condi??o ambiente de laborat?rio nas esta??es secas (Maio a Outubro) e chuvosas (Novembro a Abril). Foram avaliados: tempo de alimenta??o, taxa de recupera??o, taxa de mortalidade, peso antes e ap?s a alimenta??o, per?odos de muda, pr?-postura e postura, n?mero de posturas e de ovos, per?odo de incuba??o, percentual de eclos?o, reprodu??o estimada e ?ndice nutricional. O peso m?dio das larvas foi de 0,94 ? 0,13mg com ganho m?dio de peso de aproximadamente 81,37 vezes. Em c?mara climatizada o per?odo m?dio de muda foi de 6,37?0,24 dias, enquanto que em condi??es de ambiente de laborat?rio a m?dia foi 8,12?0,95 dias. Ao avaliar a capacidade de fixa??o de larvas submetidas a diferentes per?odos de jejum observou-se que as larvas n?o alimentadas mantidas em c?mara climatizada e em condi??es ambientais de laborat?rio foram capazes de se fixar sobre as aves com per?odos de jejum de 6 a 75 dias e 8 a 60 dias, respectivamente. Quando as ninfas foram submetidas a um per?odo de jejum de 15 e 30 dias, nas duas condi??es estudadas, ocorreu o desenvolvimento de ninfas de segundo e terceiro instares. Quando submetidas a 60 dias de jejum verificou-se mortalidade de 28 e 37% em c?mara climatizada e em ambiente de laborat?rio, respectivamente e as sobreviventes n?o se fixaram sobre os hospedeiros. As ninfas de segundo instar submetidas ao jejum de 60 dias desenvolveram, em ambas condi??es estudadas, ninfas de terceiro instar e adultos machos. Ainda no grupo submetido a 60 dias de jejum, as ninfas de terceiro instar desenvolveram adultos (42,42% e 40,54% de machos; 36,36% e 48,65% f?meas nas condi??es de ambiente de laborat?rio e B.O.D., respectivamente) e as demais se desenvolveram em ninfas de quarto instar, que posteriormente, se desenvolveram em adultos f?meas. O n?mero m?dio de ovos produzidos variou entre 46 e 138 ovos nas 18 posturas das f?meas mantidas em ambiente controlado; 41 e 108 ovos nas 9 posturas das f?meas das esta??es chuvosas; e 74 e 138 ovos para as f?meas da esta??o seca, com diferen?a significativa em todas as condi??es experimentais. A dura??o m?dia do ciclo com ocorr?ncia de adultos em N2 foi de 49,05 dias em c?mara climatizada, 53,01 dias nas esta??es secas e 67,41 dias nas esta??es chuvosas. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo demonstram que os aspectos biol?gicos de A. (P.) miniatus s?o influenciados por fatores clim?ticos, de modo que ocorre um prolongamento do ciclo biol?gico durante a esta??o seca, per?odo que a temperatura ? mais baixa.