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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Servir le pape, le recrutement des collecteurs pontificaux dans le royaume de France et en Provence de la papauté d’Avignon à l’aube de la Renaissance (1316-1521) / Serving the Pope, recruitment of pontifical collectors in the kingdom of France and in Provence from the papal court of Avignon to the dawn of the Renaissance (1316-1521)

Le Roux, Amandine 30 November 2010 (has links)
Aux XIVe et XVe siècles, l’administration chargée du prélèvement des redevances levées par le pape repose sur l’office du collecteur. Dans le royaume de France et en Provence, la stabilisation fiscale s’opère entre 1326 et 1348 et s’accompagne de la mise en place d’innovations durables. Le collecteur s’impose comme le principal responsable de la perception des taxes et les collectories, les circonscriptions financières correspondantes, se renforcent. Le recours à des méthodes de nomination et de gestion communes à cet office s’est ainsi progressivement affirmé, même si une certaine spécialisation se note entre collecteurs ordinaires, agents permanents dédiés à la collecte de toutes les taxes et collecteurs spécialisés, officiers temporaires voués à la levée d’une seule. Un déclin s’observe après les troubles dus au Grand Schisme, aux conciles de Constance et de Bâle et à la Pragmatique Sanction de Bourges. Ces structures locales participent à la formation de l’État pontifical moderne par la création d’un nouveau réseau territorial. Par conséquent, pour atteindre de tels objectifs, la papauté se montre attentive aux logiques de recrutement. Elle nomme des agents expérimentés, possesseurs d’une culture essentiellement juridique, majoritairement choisis parmi les chanoines et les dignitaires capitulaires, mais aussi les évêques et les abbés. À l’époque de la papauté d’Avignon, ces hommes ont souvent partagé une commune origine avec les pontifes ou bénéficié de l’appui de cardinaux. Enfin, leurs carrières ont évolué différemment, une majorité d’agents jouissent de leur bénéfice à la sortie de charge, d’autres sont décédés en fonction, alors qu’une élite a été promue. / Between the 14th and 15th centuries the administration charged with the collection of taxes levied by the Pope was controlled by the Office of the Pontifical Collector. In the kingdom of France and in Provence, the fiscal levy was in operation between 1326 and 1348 and was accompanied by a certain number of long term innovations. The collector comes to the fore as the main official responsible for the collection of tax, while the administrative areas drawn up for its collection (collectories) are demarcated. Despite the troubles brought about by the Great Schism, the Councils of Constance and of Basil and the Pragmatic Sanction of Bruges, the position only enters into decline at the beginning of the 16th century. Although certain methods of nomination and of shared control progressively become the norm, a certain level of specialization is to be noted between the collectors themselves – the ordinary collectors, the permanent agents authorized to collect all taxes and the temporary specialized collectors who were created for the levy of a single tax. These local structures were part and parcel of the formation of the modern Pontifical State and its new territorial network. In order to obtain such objectives, the papacy reveals itself to be particularly attentive as regarding the question of recruitment. It selects agents who are efficient, experienced and with a good grounding in law. Many of them were canons, ecclesiastical dignitaries and also bishops and abbots. During the period of the Avignon Papacy, these men often had the same origins as the popes themselves or benefited from the support of a cardinal. Their careers could be varied. The majority were still collecting tax once they had left their posts, some died while still in office, while a small elite were promoted to a new position in the council. Five major types of recruitment can be distinguished.

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