ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS Author: Jana Nováková Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, PhD. INTRODUCTION Estimated vitamin D deficiency occurs in up to 1/3 of the population. Vitamin D deficiency occurs in a number of diseases and in different countries of the world. AIMS The aim of the theoretical part of the diploma thesis was to get acquainted with vitamin D and its deficit in general. The objective of the practical part was to map vitamin D levels in adults, to assess prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, to determine if vitamin D levels fluctuate over the course of the year depending on age or gender and how they are related to individual illnesses. METHODS PubMed and Embase database search was performed to find evidence on vitamin D deficiency in adults. Only studies in humans, published in English in the period from 2000 to 2016 were included. Non-systematic review was provided, the quality of the studies was not evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 84 studies were included. Most of the studies enrolled healthy adults (n = 34). Among the studies concerning various diseases, musculoskeletal disorders were the most prevalent (n = 13). The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was seen in the study from USA (in healthy adults) using cut-off value for deficiency ≤ 50...

Title: The effect of manual lymphatic drainage on the musculus soleus muscle tension in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Aims: The aim of this thesis is to summarize theoretical knowledge about chronic venous insufficiency, muscle tension and manual lymphatic drainage and then to perform a pilot study to determine whether people suffering from chronic venous insufficiency have changed muscle tone of musculus soleus and to verify whether the implementation of a single manual lymphatic drainage of the lower limbs results in a change of muscle tension of musculus soleus. Methods: There were three patients who participated in the experiment. Anthropometric examinations of circuits of both lower limbs on all patients was carried out, using measuring tape and then a muscle tone of musculus soleus was measured using a device called myotonometer. After that the single manual lymphatic drainage of one lower limb (more affected lower extremity) was performed. The second, untreated leg was considered to be the control limb. There was also performed basal treatment of the neck, before every manual lymphatic drainage of lower limb. Circumferential dimensions of both lower limbs were measured immediately after manual lymphatic drainage and then 15 minutes later again. After that the muscle tone of...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1269622 bytes, checksum: 691db9599b9176bf6383f036b0230a0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The transgenitalization surgery is a procedure used by medicine to adjust the transsexual s body to one the individual feels suitable with his or hers identity. For the surgery to happen it s necessary that a multidisciplinary team declare the transsexuality a pathology, which inflicts serious psychological suffering and reduction of the libido due to not accepting their own body. Majoritarian jurisprudence understands that after the physical modification the person may modify the civil records in order to adjust to his or hers new characteristics. After those interventions, both chirurgical and documental, this individual will have dignity. This work intends to understand if the procedures mentioned are enough to assure dignity to transsexual individuals. The main purpose here is to demonstrate society traditionally divides itself on men and women in heterosexual behavior, which translates a binary framing for people. The dissertation also clarifies that gender is a result of cultural construction, which stands in the way of a simplistic division of heterosexual behavior between men and women. It will be used a bibliographic research of the themes brought here, such as feminism, transsexuality or right to a name. As a theoretical reference it will be adopted the Marxist feminism theory. To accomplish what it proposes, this dissertation will be divided in three chapters. The first chapter will disclosure the right to a name, mentioning its principles and the legislation, both internal and international. It also clarifies about the possibilities of name change, touching especially what concerns the transsexual and, by consequence, the surgery of sexual adaptation. The second chapter approaches the feminism theory, which denaturalizes the gender debate, pointing that the relation of subjection between men and women has a political obliquity, and amplifies gender researches to involve also transsexuals. The third chapter uses the queer theory to point the necessary breaking of the binary composition of men/women and deconstruct the dominant thought that uses signs to establish the comportment pattern thought as ideal, which is called heteronormativity. In that point it is showed that both the transgenitalization surgery and the requirement of this surgery to alter social registration enforce the binary pattern of gender and it is not enough to assure dignity to those individuals that don t adapt to such a corporal dimorphism. This work then concludes that both medical and legal mechanisms aren t enough to the pretensions of dignity of transsexual individuals. / A cirurgia de transgenitalização é um procedimento utilizado pela medicina com o intuito de adequar o corpo do transexual ao pretendido pelo indivíduo por entender mais compatível com sua identidade de gênero. Para que isto ocorra é necessário que uma equipe multidisciplinar ateste alguns requisitos que impliquem no reconhecimento da transexualidade como patologia, a exemplo de grave sofrimento psicológico e diminuição da libido por não aceitar o seu estereótipo. A jurisprudência majoritária entende que após a adequação física, a pessoa pode modificar o registro civil para se adequar ao seu novo corpo e após as duas intervenções (cirúrgica e documental) o indivíduo gozará de dignidade. O que se pretende saber é se realmente os procedimentos acima mencionados são suficientes para proporcionar dignidade aos sujeitos que se reconhecem como transexuais. Objetiva-se demonstrar que a sociedade tradicionalmente se divide em homens e mulheres de comportamento heterossexual, ou seja, é o meio binário de enquadramento das pessoas, que encontra fundamento na naturalização e universalização que impõe este padrão. A dissertação também objetiva esclarecer que o gênero das pessoas é resultado da construção cultural da sociedade, não podendo haver uma divisão simplista em comportamento heterossexual em que todos devem se enquadrar entre homens e mulheres. Utiliza-se levantamento bibliográfico dos temas pertinentes do direito ao nome, feminismo e transexualidade. Como referencial teórico é adotado o feminismo marxista. Para tal intuito, divide-se o texto em três capítulos. O primeiro dispõe acerca do direito ao nome, mencionando os princípios norteadores, tutela prevista na legislação cível pátrio e instrumentos internacionais. Também é esclarecido sobre as possibilidades de alteração do nome, enfatizando o caso do transexual e por consequência a cirurgia de adequação sexual. No segundo capítulo aborda-se o pensamento feminista, que desnaturaliza o debate de gênero e apontando a relação de sujeição entre homens e mulheres como de cunho político e a ampliação das pesquisas feministas que abrangem também os transexuais. No terceiro capítulo utiliza-se a teoria queer e aponta o necessário rompimento do binarismo homem/mulher ao desconstruir o pensamento dominante que se utiliza de signos para estabelecer o padrão comportamental pretendido e tido como ideal, o que se denomina de heteronormatividade. Ao fim, é constatado que a cirurgia de transgenitalização e esta como requisito imprescindível para a modificação registral do transexual apenas reforçam o binarismo de gênero, não sendo suficiente para proporcionar dignidade aos indivíduos que não se adaptam ao dimorfismo corporal, sendo os mecanismos médicos e jurídicos inadequados às pretensões dos transexuais.

(v AJ) Introduction to the topic and importance of the topic: Aortic valve disease is the third most frequent cardiovascular disease and also the most frequently operated valvular disease in adulthood. The natural process of the disease is unfavorable, almost half of the patients suffer from symptoms of heart failure (Branny et al. 2012). This is the reason why I focused my thesis on the assessment of the quality of life of patients diagnosed of aortic stenosis. Aim of the thesis and research questions: The aim of my thesis is to evaluate the quality of life patients with diagnosed aortic valve disease, within one month before the planned surgery and in the postoperative period when patients will be checked at a cardiac surgery clinic. The partial objective at the same time was to compare the quality of life and health status of patients with aortic valve disease who have completed a spa therapy with those who have rejected it. Methodology (method, research sample): The research work will be carried out as a quantitative research in a group of 29 respondents. The HRQoL construct it means questionnaire SF-36 were used to obtain the data. The questionnaire was anonymous. For the completed questionnaires, a closed box was set up, which I didn't open until the poll was complete. The survey was...

Interpretation of Common Used Tumor Markers Affected by Systemic and Inflammatory Diseases Introduction: An examination of tumor markers is often made as a basis for the successful diagnosis and follow-up treatment of patients with malignant tumors. However, are tumor markers truly significant by themselves, or are they just a baseline quantitative expression of value that we use to diagnose a patient as better or worse based on it increasing or decreasing value? Objective: This paper attempts to answer the question of what factors can affect serum protein and mucin markers and thus lead to a misinterpretation of their results. Methods: Tumor markers were determined by isotopic and non-isotopic laboratory analysis methods, using operational protocols of the immunoanalytic laboratory. All methods were checked using internal quality control, and four times a year using an external quality control. Additionally, 16 236 samples were analysed using 3180 probands during the period 2008-2014. Results: We discovered that in premenopausal women, the markers AFP, CA 125 and HE 4 rise during ovulation peak periods while other markers changed minimally or not at all. However, in postmenopausal women, we proved the incidence of a false positivity marker. With women in the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the...

Interpretation of Common Used Tumor Markers Affected by Systemic and Inflammatory Diseases Introduction: An examination of tumor markers is often made as a basis for the successful diagnosis and follow-up treatment of patients with malignant tumors. However, are tumor markers truly significant by themselves, or are they just a baseline quantitative expression of value that we use to diagnose a patient as better or worse based on it increasing or decreasing value? Objective: This paper attempts to answer the question of what factors can affect serum protein and mucin markers and thus lead to a misinterpretation of their results. Methods: Tumor markers were determined by isotopic and non-isotopic laboratory analysis methods, using operational protocols of the immunoanalytic laboratory. All methods were checked using internal quality control, and four times a year using an external quality control. Additionally, 16 236 samples were analysed using 3180 probands during the period 2008-2014. Results: We discovered that in premenopausal women, the markers AFP, CA 125 and HE 4 rise during ovulation peak periods while other markers changed minimally or not at all. However, in postmenopausal women, we proved the incidence of a false positivity marker. With women in the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the...

Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are highly conserved proteins that are part of the universal stress response of the cell. Their main function is to protect cells against structural and functional damage. Organisms exposed to different forms of stress, such as e.g. a lack of nutrients or water, hypoxia, infection or inflammation, demonstrated an increased gene expression of these proteins. Pregnancy complications cause stress conditions for maternal and fetal organism, which may result in an increased gene expression of Hsp. In my thesis, I examined the concentration of extracellular mRNA for five different heat shock proteins (Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, HspBP1) in the plasma of pregnant women and wheather this concentration is affected by possible pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and gestational hypertension). I also investigated a possible correlation between mRNA plasma concentration for Hsp and pulsatility index values (PI) obtained by Doppler ultrasound. This research should help to invent a new predictive method for pregnancy complications, based on a detection of specific biomarkers in the first trimester of pregnancy. The research was conducted on plasma samples obtained from peripheral blood of pregnant women, whose collection was performed during clinical manifestations of...