Over the past years, research on the basis of intangible resources and capability has been suggested for the development of corporate competitive advantage. Through the process of learning, the organization can create knowledge and shortage intangible intellectual capital. This study is empirical research carried out on the industrial circles using questionnaires to clean out scholars¡¦ definition on intellectual capital and organizational learning capability. From this study, I try to find out the relationship among organizational learning capability, shortage intellectual capital, and organizational performance, also the interactive effect between organizational learning capability and strategy management of intellectual capital towards company¡¦ performance. The results of the research indicate: I. The factors of organizational learning capability 1. The executives¡¦ direction ability of learning and amelioration 2. Team-leadership competitiveness II. The factors of intellectual capital 1. The factors of human capital are: the knowledge innovation directed by executives, employees¡¦ professional capability. 2. The factors of structural capital are: cross department¡¦ management and storage knowledge, inner process responds to market demand, and cross department¡¦ knowledge group. 3. The factors of relational capital are: flexible business strategy of customer ecosystem¡¦ orientation, the management of service and brand value, and the management of customer orientation. III. Organizational learning capability and intellectual capital¡¦ storage have effects on organizational performance. 1. Through the intellectual capital intermediary effect, the executive¡¦ direction ability of learning and amelioration and the competitiveness from the team¡¦ directed have significant influence on business operational performance. IV. The interaction between organizational learning capability and strategy management of intellectual capital. 1. The interaction between strategy management of knowledge-centered and the executives¡¦ direction ability of learning and amelioration have significant influence on both organizational business operational performance and behavioral performance. 2. The interaction between knowledge-centered strategic management and team-leadership competitiveness has significant influence on organizational behavioral performance. 3. The interaction between strategy management of information-centered and the executives¡¦ direction ability of learning and amelioration have significant influence on both organizational business operational performance and behavioral performance.

This study presented a critical investigation of the mainstream neo-liberal approach to global intellectual property rights protection. There is a widespread but incorrect perception in the contemporary intellectual property policy regime that ineffective copyright protection in developing countries is primarily an institutional problem deriving from the lack of economic capacity and jurisprudential systems. Arguing that the conventional policy regime offers only a limited account for global copyright protection, this study aimed to show that inadequate copyright protection is not only an institutional but also historically contingent cultural problem. For the purpose, the present study conducted two phases of investigation: (1) a cross- national data analysis of software piracy and (2) comparative historical analysis of authorship in England and China. The first study empirically examined the key determinants of software piracy in the contemporary international market. From multivariate statistical analyses of international data, the study attempted to identify significant factors facilitating software piracy. Special attention was paid to identifying the influence of national culture in software piracy when other institutional factors were controlled. The results showed that a combined outcome of multiple factors including national income, institutional capacity for property protection, in-group collectivist cultural practices, and attitudes toward international intellectual property protection explains the software piracy problem. The second study aimed to provide a more in-depth understanding of the historical linkage between copyright and culture. It traced the historical formation of authorship in English and Chinese print culture to examine whether and why there emerged contrasting conceptions of authorship between them. The findings showed that there was a distinctive historical divergence of material, ideological, and institutional contexts of print culture, which led to different authorship conceptions between England and China. This implies that authorship as the fundamental cultural basis of modern copyright law was not a natural and universal phenomenon inevitably arising from the printing press but rather historically and culturally contingent. / text

The abundance of wealth and technology in the North, and biological diversity and poverty in the South provokes an inquiry into an appropriate modality for the equitable harnessing and allocation of biodiversity dividends. Over the years, the traditional knowledge relating to biological diversity has been regarded as part of the "global intellectual commons", open to exploitation by all, and subject to validation by formal methods. That knowledge has remained the source of both increasing knowledge and critical discoveries of the therapeutic values of most components of biological diversity. There is a consensus between the North and the South that an effective biodiversity conservation strategy should be one capable of providing incentives to the traditional custodians of wild habitat. Intellectual property is generally recognised as an appropriate framework to implement this objective. However, as a perennial subject of North-South disagreement, there is no consensus on the relevant details or mechanisms for deploying intellectual property rights to effectuate the objective. The United Nations Framework Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) signifies a global regime embodying the ideals of incentivising the traditional custodians of the wild habitat as well as equitable sharing of the benefits of biodiversity. Arguably, it marks an end to the idea of regarding traditional knowledge as part of the global intellectual commons. This thesis contends that the CBD regime carries with it the burden of unresolved North-South perspectives on intellectual property rights. It argues that the heart of the conflict is the reluctance of the North to accord intellectual property status to traditional knowledge. This is partly because of the latter's informal nature but most importantly it derives from an inherent geo-political ideological conflict on the subject of intellectual property rights. Presently, the recognition of rights over traditional knowledge is approached on a sui generis basis. This thesis takes the position that the approach with its several limitations is not persuasive. It contends that on the merits, traditional knowledge is, and ought to be recognised as a subject matter of intellectual property rights. The recent elevation of intellectual property (a traditional subject matter of national law) to the international level under the WTO/TRIPs Agreement further undermines traditional knowledge. This has posed a setback not only to the global biodiversity conservation initiative, but also to the quest for equitable allocation of its dividends. It is my thesis that a national approach offers a better option for accommodating the intellectual property status of traditional knowledge and consequentially for advancing the quest for biodiversity conservation as well as equitable allocation of the dividends arising therefrom.

ABSTRACT Emerging 3D printing technologies bring with it the potential to transform everyday consumers into manufacturers of every product imaginable. However, this impending wave of newfound technological capability is bound to crash against our present conventional system of laws and regulations. In this paper, the strengths and weaknesses of our current intellectual property framework are examined, and its ability to tackle the future 3D printing market is assessed. Particular attention is paid to our modern formation of copyright and patent law, including an analysis of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), the Repair-Reconstruction Doctrine and other substantial legal protocol. The legal battle between the Napster file-sharing service and the larger music industry is also explored, as it provides key insight into similar intellectual property divergences that may soon drive a stake between 3D printing businesses and more traditional manufacturers of physical goods. Finally, this paper suggests modifications to be made towards traditional sales models, the Repair-Reconstruction Doctrine, the implementation of the DMCA protections, and our application of the Fair Use Doctrine.

This study analyses Intellectual Property Rights related to space activities and Space Law. The potential contradictions between these two laws are of specific interest. Besides the different approaches on which their legislation has been established, the increasing role of private companies as space actors calls for the adoption of a strong legal framework for Intellectual Property. / The issue of Intellectual Property Rights in outer space will be examined within the first Part, with a focus on Patent Law. The second Part explores the specific rules contained in the International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement, on Intellectual Property and exchange of data and goods. Although there is some legal mechanism, no protection capable to meet the space industry's current and future needs.

In this thesis, we address the problem of digital intellectual property (IP) protection for the field programmable gate array (FPGA) designs. Substantial time and effort is required to the design complex circuits; thus, it makes sense to re-use these designs. An IP developer can sell his design to the companies and collect royalty. However, he needs to protect his work from security breach and piracy. The legal means of IP protection such as patents and license agreements are a deterrent to illegal IP circulation, but they are insufficient to detect an IP protection breach. Watermarking provides a means to identify the owner of a design. Firstly, we propose a watermarking technique that modifies the routing of an FPGA design to make it a function of the signature text. This watermarking technique is a type of constraint-based watermarking technique where we add a signature-based term to the routing cost function. Secondly, we need a method to verify the existence of the watermark in the design. To address this we propose a digital signature generation technique. This technique uses the switch state (ON/OFF) of certain switches on the routing to uniquely identify a design. Our results show less than 10% speed overhead for a minimum channel width routing. Increasing the channel width by unit length, we could watermark the design with a zero speed overhead. The increase in the wire length is negative for majority of the circuits. Our watermarking technique can be integrated into the current routing algorithm since it does not require an additional step for embedding the watermark. The overall design effort for routing a watermarked design is equivalent to that of routing a non-watermarked design.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Genève. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 301-317) and index.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 375-423.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 302-317). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Duke University, 2007.