The task is to build an intelligent sensor that can instruct a Lego robot to perform certain tasks. The sensor is mounted on the Lego robot and it contains a digital camera which takes continuous images of the front view of the robot. These images are received by an FPGA which simultaneously saves them in an external storage device (SDRAM). At one time only one image is saved and during the time it is being saved, FPGA processes the image to extract some meaningful information. In front of digital camera there are different objects. The sensor is made to classify various objects on the basis of their color. For the classification, the requirement is to implement color image segmentation based object tracking algorithm on a small Field Programmable Gate array (FPGA). For the color segmentation in the images, we are using RGB values of the pixels and with the comparison of their relative values we get the binary image which is processed to determine the shape of the object. A histogram is used to retrieve object‟s features and saves results inside the memory of FPGA which can be read by an external microcontroller with the help of serial port (RS-232).

L’acquisition de paramètres physiques tels que la température, la pression, le couple et la vitesse est nécessaire aux systèmes aéronautiques critiques afin d’atteindre et d’assurer les performances requises de disponibilité et de sécurité de fonctionnement. L’acquisition de ces paramètres physiques nécessite donc la mise en oeuvre de technologies et de techniques hautement éprouvées pouvant supporter les conditions de fonctionnement sévères.L'objectif des travaux présentés dans ce mémoire est de proposer une nouvelle architecture de chaîne d'acquisition de grandeurs physiques pour être intégrée à un système aéronautique critique. Le but de cette architecture est d'améliorer l'intégrité des données mesurées tout en maintenant leur disponibilité et le niveau de sûreté de fonctionnement propre aux systèmes aéronautiques de haute criticité. La solution se déploie sous la forme d'une amélioration de la tolérance aux défauts de la chaîne de traitement du signal issu du capteur. Pour ce faire, nous intégrons des fonctions supplémentaires, dont le modèle mathématique de la chaîne d'acquisition, rendant ainsi le système plus intelligent.Dans le cadre de nos travaux de recherche, nous nous appuyons sur les spécifications techniques d'un projet industriel typique des systèmes aéronautiques critiques, qui est le coeur de notre thématique principale. / The acquisition of physical parameters as such as temperature, pressure, torque, and speed are necessary to flight critical systems in order to reach and ensure safety and availability required. Consequently, it requires implementing high technologies and techniques which are able to work in rugged environments.The aim of our work is to design a new architecture for sensor acquisition systems in order to be integrated onto a flight critical system. The goal of the architecture is to ensure data integrity, system's availability and safety relative to airborne critical systems. The solution adds the fault tolerance ability to the signal conditioning. Consequently, we implement additional functionalities, as such as mathematical model of the signal conditioning, in order to make the acquisition system more intelligent.Our research work is partially based on technical specifications from SYRENA project, which is a typical example of flight critical systems, which is the main thematic of our purpose.