No description available.

With the rise of electronic integration between organizations, the need for a precise specification of interaction behavior increases. Information systems, replacing interaction previously carried out by humans via phone, faxes and emails, require a precise specification for handling all possible situations. Such interaction behavior is described in process choreographies. Choreographies enumerate the roles involved, the allowed interactions, the message contents and the behavioral dependencies between interactions. Choreographies serve as interaction contract and are the starting point for adapting existing business processes and systems or for implementing new software components. As a thorough analysis and comparison of choreography modeling languages is missing in the literature, this thesis introduces a requirements framework for choreography languages and uses it for comparing current choreography languages. Language proposals for overcoming the limitations are given for choreography modeling on the conceptual and on the technical level. Using an interconnection modeling style, behavioral dependencies are defined on a per-role basis and different roles are interconnected using message flow. This thesis reveals a number of modeling "anti-patterns" for interconnection modeling, motivating further investigations on choreography languages following the interaction modeling style. Here, interactions are seen as atomic building blocks and the behavioral dependencies between them are defined globally. Two novel language proposals are put forward for this modeling style which have already influenced industrial standardization initiatives. While avoiding many of the pitfalls of interconnection modeling, new anomalies can arise in interaction models. A choreography might not be realizable, i.e. there does not exist a set of interacting roles that collectively realize the specified behavior. This thesis investigates different dimensions of realizability. / Elektronische Integration zwischen Organisationen erfordert eine präzise Spezifikation des Interaktionsverhaltens: Informationssysteme, die Kommunikation per Telefon, Fax und Email ablösen, können nicht so flexibel und selbständig auf Ausnahmesituationen reagieren wie Menschen. Choreographien ermöglichen es, Interaktionsverhalten genau zu spezifizieren. Diese Modelle zählen die beteiligten Rollen, die erlaubten Interaktionen, Nachrichteninhalte und Verhaltensabhängigkeiten auf und dienen somit als Interaktionsvertrag zwischen den Organisationen. Auch als Ausgangspunkt für eine Anpassung existierender Prozesse und Systeme sowie für die Implementierung neuer Softwarekomponenten finden Choreographien Anwendung. Da ein Vergleich von Choreographiemodellierungssprachen in der Literatur bislang fehlt, präsentiert diese Arbeit einen Anforderungskatalog, der als Basis für eine Evaluierung existierender Sprachen angewandt wird. Im Kern führt diese Arbeit Spracherweiterungen ein, um die Schwächen existierender Sprachen zu überwinden. Die vorgestellten Erweiterungen adressieren dabei Modellierung auf konzeptioneller und auf technischer Ebene. Beim Verlinkungsmodellierungsstil werden Verhaltensabhängigkeiten innerhalb der beteiligten Rollen spezifiziert und das Interaktionsverhalten entsteht durch eine Verlinkung der Kommunikationsaktivitäten. Diese Arbeit stellt einige "Anti-Pattern" für die Verlinkungsmodellierung vor, welche wiederum Untersuchungen bzgl. Choreographiesprachen des Interaktionsmodellierungsstils motivieren. Hier werden Interaktionen als atomare Blöcke verstanden und Verhaltensabhängigkeiten werden global definiert. Diese Arbeit führt zwei neue Choreographiesprachen dieses zweiten Modellierungsstils ein, welche bereits in industrielle Standardisierungsinitiativen eingeflossen sind. Während auf der einen Seite zahlreiche Fallstricke der Verlinkungsmodellierung umgangen werden, können in Interaktionsmodellen allerdings neue Anomalien entstehen. Eine Choreographie kann z.B. "unrealisierbar" sein, d.h. es ist nicht möglich interagierende Rollen zu finden, die zusammen genommen das spezifizierte Verhalten abbilden. Dieses Phänomen wird in dieser Arbeit über verschiedene Dimensionen von Realisierbarkeit untersucht.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-08-12T13:26:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Adriana Lopes.pdf: 7501767 bytes, checksum: f6b8aa4ca03f0267a2d2192865acbce4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-08-12T13:27:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Adriana Lopes.pdf: 7501767 bytes, checksum: f6b8aa4ca03f0267a2d2192865acbce4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-08-12T13:28:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Adriana Lopes.pdf: 7501767 bytes, checksum: f6b8aa4ca03f0267a2d2192865acbce4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T13:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Adriana Lopes.pdf: 7501767 bytes, checksum: f6b8aa4ca03f0267a2d2192865acbce4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Interaction models specify the structure and behavior of the user with the interface. They refer to the interface commands that the user can perform and the corresponding system responses. The use of interaction models in the design stage is important due to the user's perspective since problems in the user-system interaction can be mitigated. In this context, MoLIC (Modeling Language for the Conversation Interaction) allows the development of interaction solutions. The diagrams modeled with MoLIC can be used as a basis for the development of other artifacts. However, in a preliminary study regarding the use of MoLIC diagrams, we identified different types of defects, such as Omission, Incorrect Fact, Inconsistency, Ambiguity and Extraneous Information. These results indicate that there is a need to inspect MoLIC diagrams in order to avoid the propagation of these defects to other artifacts. Also, the sooner a defect is discovered, the lower the cost to repair it. This thesis presents the proposed techniques for MoLIC diagrams inspection: MoLVERIC Cards and MoLVERIC Check. To motivate the inspection of MoLIC diagrams, the MoLVERIC Cards employs gamification elements. On the other hand, MoLVERIC Check is a checklist-based inspection technique. The verification items of both techniques evaluate the consistency of MoLIC diagrams with the interaction scenario/system requirements, as well as the notation employed in the MoLIC diagrams. The techniques had their construction and evaluation supported by experimentation. The results of both techniques have provided evidence of their feasibility to inspect MoLIC diagrams. / Modelos de interação especificam a estrutura e o comportamento do usuário com a interface. Referem-se aos comandos de interface que o usuário pode executar e as correspondentes respostas do sistema. O uso de modelos de interação na etapa de design é importante devido às perspectivas do usuário, pois problemas na interação usuário-sistema podem ser mitigados. Neste contexto, a MoLIC (Modeling Language for Interaction as Conversation) proporciona o desenvolvimento de soluções de interação. Os diagramas modelados com a MoLIC podem ser usados como base para o desenvolvimento de outros artefatos. No entanto, em um estudo preliminar realizado com o objetivo de analisar o uso de diagramas MoLIC, diferentes tipos de defeitos foram identificados, tais como Omissão, Fato Incorreto, Inconsistência, Ambiguidade e Informação Estranha. Estes resultados indicam que existe a necessidade de inspecionar os diagramas MoLIC, pois evita-se a propagação destes defeitos para outros artefatos. Além disso, quanto mais cedo for detectado um defeito, menor será o custo para repará-lo. Esta dissertação apresenta as técnicas específicas para a inspeção de diagramas MoLIC, chamadas MoLVERIC Cards e MoLVERIC Check. Para motivar a inspeção dos diagramas MoLIC, a MoLVERIC Cards emprega elementos de gamificação. A MoLVERIC Check é uma técnica de inspeção baseada em lista de verificação. Os itens de verificação das duas técnicas avaliam tanto a consistência dos diagramas MoLIC com o cenário de interação/ requisitos do sistema, como a notação usada nos diagramas MoLIC. As técnicas tiveram sua construção e avaliação apoiadas por experimentação. Os resultados de ambas as técnicas forneceram evidências de viabilidade para inspecionar diagramas MoLIC.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MacilonACN_TESE.pdf: 3979579 bytes, checksum: 8cbe12645bc4c083bd9eabb00da34227 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-10 / The development of interactive systems involves several professionals and the integration between them normally uses common artifacts, such as models, that drive the development process. In the model-driven development approach, the interaction model is an artifact that includes the most of the aspects related to what and how the user can do while he/she interacting with the system. Furthermore, the interactive model may be used to identify usability problems at design time. Therefore, the central problematic addressed by this thesis is twofold. In the first place, the interaction modeling, in a perspective that helps the designer to explicit to developer, who will implement the interface, the aspcts related to the interaction process. In the second place, the anticipated identification of usability problems, that aims to reduce the application final costs. To achieve these goals, this work presents (i) the ALaDIM language, that aims to help the designer on the conception, representation and validation of his interactive message models; (ii) the ALaDIM editor, which was built using the EMF (Eclipse Modeling Framework) and its standardized technologies by OMG (Object Management Group); and (iii) the ALaDIM inspection method, which allows the anticipated identification of usability problems using ALaDIM models. ALaDIM language and editor were respectively specified and implemented using the OMG standards and they can be used in MDA (Model Driven Architecture) activities. Beyond that, we evaluated both ALaDIM language and editor using a CDN (Cognitive Dimensions of Notations) analysis. Finally, this work reports an experiment that validated the ALaDIM inspection method / No desenvolvimento de um sistema interativo, est?o envolvidos diversos profissionais e a integra??o entre eles se d?, principalmente, atrav?s do compartilhamento de artefatos comuns, como modelos, por exemplo. O uso de modelos possibilita uma abordagem de desenvolvimento na qual os modelos s?o usados por designers e desenvolvedores. Na abordagem baseada em modelos, o modelo de intera??o ? um artefato que cobre a maioria dos aspectos relacionados ao o que e como o usu?rio pode fazer ao interagir com a aplica??o. Al?m disso, ele pode ser usado para a identifica??o de problemas de usabilidade durante o design e n?o apenas durante os testes de interface e aceita??o, o que reduz o impacto nos custos do processo de desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, este trabalho endere?a duas quest?es. A primeira ? a modelagem da intera??o, sob uma perspectiva que auxilie o designer a explicitar para o desenvolvedor, que ir? codificar na interface, os aspectos relacionados ao processo interativo, especificamente o que e como . A segunda ? identifica??o antecipada de problemas de usabilidade, que visa contribuir, principalmente, com a redu??o dos custos de desenvolvimento. Para isso, este trabalho apresenta (i) a linguagem ALaDIM, para auxiliar o designer na concep??o, representa??o e valida??o do modelo de intera??o; (ii) o editor ALaDIM, que foi constru?do usando o EMF (Eclipse Modeling Framework) e suas tecnologias padronizadas pelo OMG (Object Management Group); e (iii) o m?todo de inspe??o ALaDIM, que permite a identifica??o antecipada de problemas de usabilidade em modelos ALaDIM. A linguagem e o editor ALaDIM foram, respectivamente, especificada e implementado, usando padr?es do OMG e podem ser empregados em atividades MDA (Model Driven Architecture). Al?m disso, foram avaliados a linguagem e o editor ALaDIM, atrav?s da an?lise da dimens?es cognitivas de ambos, usando o CDN (Cognitive Dimensions of Notations). Finalmente, este trabalho relata um experimento para valida??o do m?todo de inspe??o

No description available.

Cette thèse étudie les stratégies résidentielles des ménages par l'angle des budgets logement et transport, incluant débours monétaires et budgets temps et distance dans le cas du transport. Elle vise à mieux cerner le rôle des contraintes budgétaires dans les choix résidentiels, notamment pour mieux représenter ces derniers en modélisation appliquée. Un état de l'art compare comment l'économie et les modèles d'interaction transport – usage du sol adressent la demande de logement. Ayant mis en évidence le manque de vision globale d'une part, et une tendance à une vision trop statistique et peu comportementaliste d'autre part, l'étude du rôle des budgets logement et transport tente de remédier à ces deux points. Ceci comprend deux temps : un empirique, via l'étude des budgets transport et logement des ménages franciliens et des implications quant aux stratégies résidentielles, suivi de l'analyse théorique d'une limitation de la dépense de logement ou de logement et de transport / This dissertation investigates household residential strategies using housing and transportation budgets, including outlays and daily travel time and distance in the case of transport. It aims to better understand the role of budget constraints in determining residential choices in order to obtain a clearer representation of these choices in applied modeling. A state of the art compares how housing demand is represented and analyzed in economics with land-use transport interaction modeling. Considering the lack of a comprehensive perspective on the one side and a tendency toward a purely statistical as opposed to a behavioral perspective on the other, our analysis of the role of housing and transport budgets intends to remedy both shortcomings.I examine housing and transport budgets in the Greater Paris Region and their implications for household residential strategies before evaluating the impact of limiting either housing or housing plus transport expenses using a theoretical model

Adhesion between solid bodies plays a prominent role in a wide variety of situations ranging from tribological applications to dust coagulation initiating the formation of planets. It can be due to various reasons like capillary, electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydrophobic forces. Among these, adhesion due to van der Waals force| which has its origin in permanent or instantaneous electric dipoles present in all atoms and molecules|is of special significance as it is present in all cases. Computational studies on adhesion due to van der Waals force commonly assume it as a surface force due to its short effective range, which is about a few tens of nanometers, in comparison to the length-scales commonly encountered. However, such restrictions are often violated in various important problems. For example, the characteristic dimensions of asperities| which are the smallest roughness elements interacting to cause friction and wear| are usually of nanometer length-scale. In addition, the assumptions inherent in development of surface force model are exact only when the deformations are small. In all such situations, the van der Waals force must be assumed as distributed over the volume. In this work, a computational model is developed by incorporating van der Waals force and short-range repulsion (steric repulsion or Pauli repulsion) as body forces distributed over the volume in a large deformation, static/transient, finite element framework. First the development of the general formulation is discussed, and then it is specialized for various considerations like handling symmetry and interaction between an elastic body and a rigid half-space, which offer significant computational advantages over the general formulation. The applicability of the model is illustrated by using a number of benchmark and practical problems. The comparison of the analysis results and well-established analytical models are provided, which validates our method. As a specific example, the smooth change of interaction force from a thin-rod model to a at-plate model on increasing the cross-sectional areas of two interacting elastic rods is demonstrated. The impact of elastic bodies in presence adhesion, and the associated energy loss is an important concern in studies regarding the origin of friction. Therefore, adhesive impact of elastic rods and spheres is studied using our formulation. Emphasis of the study is on finding the apparent energy loss during impact, which represents the part of energy lost to elastic stress waves remaining in the body after the impact, and hence not available for rebound motion. In case of impact of elastic rods on a rigid half-space, it is shown that the apparent energy loss is a unique function of the tensile strain energy developed in the rod due to van der Waals attraction. A one-dimensional model is developed for this case to determine the energy loss based on the specified problem parameters, which can be used to predict practically relevant phenomena like capture. In case of impact of elastic spheres, which is often correlated with asperity interactions, the energy loss is found to be significant only if adhesion-induced instabilities occur. The behavior shown by rods and spheres are probably at the two extremes with regards to energy loss during impact of elastic bodies in presence of adhesion. Practical use of the formulation is demonstrated by applying it to the study of amplitude variation and phase shifts in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. Specifically, the advantage of operating the AFM cantilever just below its natural frequency as compared to operating it just above the natural frequency is demonstrated. Bistable behavior, which is the coexistence of two stable vibration modes under exactly same operating conditions, is shown to be severe when the driving frequency is higher than the natural frequency of AFM cantilever even in the absence of adhesion, which can result in spurious contrast-reversal artifacts during imaging. The hysteresis loop associated with the bistable behavior may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding presence of adhesion. Since this model overcomes the limitations of lumped parameter models and the computational models based on surface force approximation, the results can be used for much more realistic interpretation of experimental data. Computational framework developed in this study achieves the capability for analysis of adhesive contact problems directly from van der Waals interaction and steric repulsion. Such a model can be used for revisiting the fundamental problems in contact mechanics, as well as for providing better insights into experimental observations.