Dès le CP - et jusqu’au CM2 - un écolier est susceptible de s’engager quotidiennement dans des tâches scolaires, une fois passé le temps de la classe. En étant réalisés au domicile familial dans la grande majorité des cas, les devoirs forment une catégorie de tâches scolaires dans lesquelles un élève s’engage seul ou sous la responsabilité potentielle d’autres personnes que son enseignant. Si chaque professeur justifie sa démarche pédagogique en fonction des projets qu’il s’est fixés, les directives du ministère de l’Education nationale établissent de manière claire les bénéfices que ces activités permettent d’atteindre : établir de bonnes relations et assurer une coopération de travail active entre l’école et les familles afin de contribuer à la réussite des élèves dans leurs apprentissages. En réalité, la concision de ces textes empêche les enseignants d’accéder à la connaissance d’un cadre de travail plus précis et plus structuré. En l’absence d’un tel référentiel, ni ces derniers, ni les parents d’élèves ne disposent d’une base solide d’informations sur laquelle s’appuyer pour développer cette pratique. Alors que certains chercheurs ont interrogé la pertinence de ces tâches au regard des avantages procurés sur les apprentissages scolaires de l’enfant, ceux auxquels nous appartenons se sont intéressés aux bénéfices auxquels pouvait mener la réalisation des devoirs sur le plan du partenariat école-famille. Les données empiriques rassemblées au cours d’une enquête exploratoire antérieure nous ont permis, dans un premier temps, de constater qu’elle pouvait autant être une source de stress, qu’un outil au service du partenariat éducatif. La recherche-action qui fut engagée dans un second temps nous permit ensuite d’étudier quatre variables distinctes (communication, feedback, outil et taxonomie) - dans quatre écoles d’une même circonscription - afin d’établir et d’évaluer un catalogue de pratiques enseignantes propres à encourager, maintenir et développer la participation des parents d’élèves dans l’aide qu’ils apportent à leur enfant au moment des devoirs. / During his primary school years and after class, a pupil may do daily school assignments. When done at home, this homework falls into a subgroup of assignments that involves the child only or other people than his teacher. As each primary school teacher gives reason for his educational approach, the Ministry of National Education guidelines have all the more well-defined the advantages of such school tasks, for it ensures a good and dynamic working relationship between school and families as an important factor of success in the learning process of pupils. However, those guidelines impede the teachers to better understand and enhance the studying environment of their pupils. If the teachers aren’t informed enough about such an environment, they will not be able to yield its full benefit. Even though some researchers have already questioned the relevance of homework in the light of the advantages they may bring to the child’s learning, we particularly focused on the valuable sides of a partnership between schools and families to facilitate homework. The empirical data we gathered for our exploratory study enabled us to notice that those school tasks may produce stress as well as it favours our educational partnership. The action-research we then started allowed us to study four different variable (communication, feedback, tool and taxonomy), in four schools in the same district, in order to establish and assess teaching methods that may support, maintain and extend the participation of parents when they help their children to do their homework.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-14T19:29:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arnaldo Oliveira Souza Júnior.pdf: 12644144 bytes, checksum: 052999b32438bd3294985bf25c455668 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-14T19:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arnaldo Oliveira Souza Júnior.pdf: 12644144 bytes, checksum: 052999b32438bd3294985bf25c455668 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-14 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O blog jornalístico esportivo configura-se como um novo espaço de contato e de participação dos internautas, mediante a oferta de seus protocolos de comunicação web, provocando mudanças nas relações entre produtores e receptores no processo de interação social. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como os processos e as interações que ocorrem por força das práticas de midiatização de produtores e receptores se realizam na interação em blogs esportivos. A pesquisa se apresenta como um estudo de casos múltiplos sobre 04 (quatro) blogs de pertença a portais e sites de âmbito esportivo, cujas marcas são de mídia televisiva e impressa, nos quais são investigados os processos e as operações de midiatização neles manifestados, visando à produção de interação com leitores. O objeto de estudo gera como pergunta: como os processos e as operações de midiatização se realizam nas interações nos blogs esportivos? Faz-se investigação no blog de Paulo Vinicius Coelho - PVC, do Espn-Estadão; no Blog Jogos que eu vi, do jornalista Lédio Carmona, do Sportv; no Blog do Serginho, do jornalista Sérgio Xavier, do site da Revista Placar; e no Blog Papo com Benja, do jornalista Benjamin Back, do site Lancenet. O estudo se realiza à luz de conceitos que refletem a problemática da midiatização das práticas sociais, com fundamentação teórica principalmente em Braga (2007), Castells (2013), Fausto Neto (2006), Hjarvard (2012) e Verón (2007), oferecendo subsídios para análise do objeto aqui proposto. A análise dos blogs selecionados ocorre por meio de categorias, organizadas em três eixos: arquitetura dos dispositivos, interações produtores e receptores, e circulação discursiva. A análise das categorias revela os seguintes resultados: a qualidade das arquiteturas e estrutura dos suportes afeta suas possibilidades de interação; os discursos procuram instituir vínculos de interação entre produtores e receptores, manifestando-se uma elevada fidelização dos leitores aos jornalistas blogueiros; e existem particularidades nos movimentos de circulação discursiva, segundo processos e operações de midiatização que se apresentam em cada blog estudado. As conclusões evidenciam que os processos e as operações de midiatização produzem efeitos comunicacionais muito complexos e engendram novos modos de interações na relação entre produtores e receptores na ambiência digital dos blogs esportivos, culminando em circulação discursiva e na formação de novos circuitos de informações. / The sports journalistic blog appears as a new area of contact and participation of Internet users, by offering their web communication protocols, causing changes in the relationship between producers and receivers in the process of social interaction. The objective of this research is to analyze how the processes and interactions that occur by virtue of the practices of mediatization of producers and receivers are carried on the interaction in sports blogs. The research is presented as a multiple case study on 04 ( four) blogs belonging to portals and websites sporting arena, whose brands are television and print media, in which investigates the processes and operations of mediatization manifested in them, aiming the production of interaction with readers . The object of study generates as a question: how the processes and operations of mediatization take place in interactions in sports blogs? It is researched Paulo Vinicius Coelho blog - PVC, Espn - Estadão, in Blog Games that I saw, the journalist Lédio Carmona, the Slav, the Blog Serginho , journalist Sérgio Xavier, the site of Score Magazine , and Chat with Benja on blog of journalist Benjamin Back, site Lancenet. The study is being performed to concepts that reflect the issue of media coverage of social practices, theory based mainly in Braga (2007), Castells (2013), Fausto Neto (2006), Hjarvard (2012) and Veron (2007), offering subsidies for analysis of the object here proposed. The analysis of selected blogs is by means of categories, organized into three areas: the architecture of devices, producers and receivers interactions and discursive movement. The category analysis shows the following results: the quality of the architecture and structure of the media affects their ability to interact; discourses seek to establish bonds of interaction between producers and receivers, manifesting a high loyalty of readers to bloggers journalists, and there are particularities movements of discursive circulation, according mediatization processes and operations that occur in each blog studied. The findings show that the processes and operations of mediatization produce very complex communicational effects and engender new modes of interactions in the relationship between producers and receivers in digital ambience of sports blogs, culminating in discursive movement and the formation of new circuits of information.

In mixed-focus collaboration, group members create content both individually as a kind of groundwork for discussion and further processing as well as directly together in group work sessions. In case of individual creation, separate documents and contents need to be merged to receive an overall solution. In our work, we focus on mixed-focus collaboration using mobile devices, especially smartphones, to create and merge content. Instead of using emails or messenger services to share content within a group, we describe three different mobile device-based interaction techniques for merging that use built-in sensors to enable ad-hoc collaboration and that are easy and eyes-free to perform. We conducted a user study to investigate these merging interactions. Overall, 21 participants tested the interactions and evaluated task load and User Experience (UX) of the proposed device-based interactions. Furthermore, they compared the interactions with a common way to share content, namely writing an email to send attached content. Participants gave valuable user feedback and stated that our merging interaction techniques were much easier to perform. Furthermore, we found that they were much faster, less demanding, and had a greater UX than email.

In collocated collaboration, applied methods and technologies to support the collaboration process mainly comprise either analog paper and pen methods, large display applications or the usage of several laptops. Whereas paper and pen are easy to use, they impair the digital documentation and further editing. Large displays are expensive, stationary, and depend on speci_c environments. Furthermore, laptops build physical barriers between people, which impedes face-to-face communication. This leads to the fact that direct digitization is still not often performed in collocated collaborative scenarios, although it would be useful for further processing or permanent storing of created content.To address advantages of analog media, especially small size and high ubiquity, and eliminate the disadvantages, namely the lack of direct digitization, we aim at applying mobile devices to collocated collaboration. To contribute to the development of future collaboration tools, we derive and propose concrete design goals for applying mobile devices in collocated mixed-focus collaboration.

During discussions in collocated work it is necessary to vote for results or to rate them to reach an agreement and continue working. To ensure impartiality and to avoid social embarrassment, the assessment should then be performed anonymously in so far as other groups members should not see directly how a person votes or rates. With a growing number of digital devices in collaboration, this requirement also concerns such kinds of equipment. Our approach of ensuring anonymity of individual votes and ratings submitted on personal mobile phones is to avoid shoulder surfing activities. For this purpose, we designed four device-based interactions that aim at being easy to use and eyes-free to perform to stay in touch with the environment and potential shoulder surfers. We conducted a user study to investigate these interaction techniques and observed seven groups with four participants each while testing the interactions. Participants evaluated usability and User Experience (UX) aspects as well as unobtrusiveness of the four device-based interactions. Furthermore, participants gave valuable user feedback and stated that our proposed interactions help to avoid shoulder surfing.