O número de dispositivos conectados e presentes na vida dos usuários é expressivo e a realização de atividades utilizando múltiplos dispositivos já é uma realidade. Entretanto, o uso integrado e sinérgico desses recursos, a que se denomina interação distribuída, tem encontrado empecilhos nas limitações dos sistemas em prover e atender interações dos usuários que atravessem as fronteiras do dispositivo. A diversidade de plataformas, bem como das áreas de pesquisa envolvidas são também forças contrárias à interação distribuída. O objetivo desta pesquisa, portanto, está em definir uma arquitetura que facilite a construção de aplicações observando aspectos de uma interação distribuída, na qual usuário e dispositivo não se acoplem unicamente no modelo de interação 1 usuário:1 dispositivo. Definiu-se uma arquitetura orientada a serviço, após pesquisa exploratória e sistemática acerca de frameworks e middlewares que promovem a integração entre dispositivos, e verificou-se sua viabilidade por provas de conceito. Como resultados, obteve-se um padrão de transições necessários para a construção de diversos cenários de uso e uma arquitetura orientada a serviços P2P dirigida a eventos que permite a implementação e execução desses cenários. / The number of connected devices and present in the lives of users is currently expressive and performing activities using multiple devices is already a reality. However, the integrated and synergistic use of these resources, which is called distributed interaction, has found obstacles in the limitations of current systems to provide and attend user interactions that cross the boundaries of the device. A variety of platforms, also involved research areas are contrary forces to the distributed interaction too. The aim of this research is therefore to define an architecture that facilitates the building of applications observing aspects of a distributed interaction, where user and device does not only bind in the interaction model 1 user:1 device. A service-oriented architecture has been defined, after exploratory and systematic research about frameworks and middlewares that promote integration among devices, and its feasibility has been verified by proofs of concept. As a result, we have obtained a pattern of transitions necessary for the construction of various usage scenarios and a P2P event-driven service-oriented architecture that allows implementation and execution of these scenarios.

O número de dispositivos conectados e presentes na vida dos usuários é expressivo e a realização de atividades utilizando múltiplos dispositivos já é uma realidade. Entretanto, o uso integrado e sinérgico desses recursos, a que se denomina interação distribuída, tem encontrado empecilhos nas limitações dos sistemas em prover e atender interações dos usuários que atravessem as fronteiras do dispositivo. A diversidade de plataformas, bem como das áreas de pesquisa envolvidas são também forças contrárias à interação distribuída. O objetivo desta pesquisa, portanto, está em definir uma arquitetura que facilite a construção de aplicações observando aspectos de uma interação distribuída, na qual usuário e dispositivo não se acoplem unicamente no modelo de interação 1 usuário:1 dispositivo. Definiu-se uma arquitetura orientada a serviço, após pesquisa exploratória e sistemática acerca de frameworks e middlewares que promovem a integração entre dispositivos, e verificou-se sua viabilidade por provas de conceito. Como resultados, obteve-se um padrão de transições necessários para a construção de diversos cenários de uso e uma arquitetura orientada a serviços P2P dirigida a eventos que permite a implementação e execução desses cenários. / The number of connected devices and present in the lives of users is currently expressive and performing activities using multiple devices is already a reality. However, the integrated and synergistic use of these resources, which is called distributed interaction, has found obstacles in the limitations of current systems to provide and attend user interactions that cross the boundaries of the device. A variety of platforms, also involved research areas are contrary forces to the distributed interaction too. The aim of this research is therefore to define an architecture that facilitates the building of applications observing aspects of a distributed interaction, where user and device does not only bind in the interaction model 1 user:1 device. A service-oriented architecture has been defined, after exploratory and systematic research about frameworks and middlewares that promote integration among devices, and its feasibility has been verified by proofs of concept. As a result, we have obtained a pattern of transitions necessary for the construction of various usage scenarios and a P2P event-driven service-oriented architecture that allows implementation and execution of these scenarios.

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur deltagare upplever en föräldragrupps innehåll och utförande på ett familjecentrum. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats, där åtta föräldrar intervjuades. Datamaterial bearbetades och analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys, och studiens teoretiska tolkningsram utgjordes av ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv, Putnams och Bourdieus teori om socialt kapital samt Eriksons psykosociala utvecklingsteori. Betydelsefulla resultat var att föräldragruppen upplevdes som viktig, framför allt för att etablera nya sociala kontakter, uppleva trygghet och stöd från andra nyblivna föräldrar. Det var även viktigt med en ledare med social kompetens, där lyhördhet och flexibilitet var några betydelsefulla egenskaper. Det framkom också att den information som gavs inte var mest väsentlig, utan att den sociala interaktionen mellan föräldrarna var främsta anledning till deltagandet. Att bli förälder var även något som resultatet visade vara påfrestande för både individ och parrelation.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study was to examine how participants experience the content and design, in a parent group. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach, in which eight parents were interviewed. Data material has been processed and analyzed with a qualitative manifest content analysis, and the study's theoretical framework consider primarily the perspective of systems, Putnam's and Bourdieu's theory of social capital and Erikson's psychosocial development theory. Significant results were that the parent group was perceived as important, especially to establish new social contacts, experience and safeness reliance from another first-time parent. It was also important to have a leader with social competence, where sensitivity and flexibility were significant quality. It also emerged that the information that was provided was not the most significant, instead the interaction between the parents was the main reason for participation. The results also show that becoming a parent was a draining process both to themselves and their relationship</p><p>.</p>

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur deltagare upplever en föräldragrupps innehåll och utförande på ett familjecentrum. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats, där åtta föräldrar intervjuades. Datamaterial bearbetades och analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys, och studiens teoretiska tolkningsram utgjordes av ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv, Putnams och Bourdieus teori om socialt kapital samt Eriksons psykosociala utvecklingsteori. Betydelsefulla resultat var att föräldragruppen upplevdes som viktig, framför allt för att etablera nya sociala kontakter, uppleva trygghet och stöd från andra nyblivna föräldrar. Det var även viktigt med en ledare med social kompetens, där lyhördhet och flexibilitet var några betydelsefulla egenskaper. Det framkom också att den information som gavs inte var mest väsentlig, utan att den sociala interaktionen mellan föräldrarna var främsta anledning till deltagandet. Att bli förälder var även något som resultatet visade vara påfrestande för både individ och parrelation. / The purpose of this study was to examine how participants experience the content and design, in a parent group. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach, in which eight parents were interviewed. Data material has been processed and analyzed with a qualitative manifest content analysis, and the study's theoretical framework consider primarily the perspective of systems, Putnam's and Bourdieu's theory of social capital and Erikson's psychosocial development theory. Significant results were that the parent group was perceived as important, especially to establish new social contacts, experience and safeness reliance from another first-time parent. It was also important to have a leader with social competence, where sensitivity and flexibility were significant quality. It also emerged that the information that was provided was not the most significant, instead the interaction between the parents was the main reason for participation. The results also show that becoming a parent was a draining process both to themselves and their relationship .

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung generischer Synchronisierungsphänomene in interagierenden komplexen Systemen. Diese Phänomene werden u.a. in gekoppelten deterministischen chaotischen Systemen beobachtet. Bei sehr schwachen Interaktionen zwischen individuellen Systemen kann ein Übergang zum schwach kohärenten Verhalten der Systeme stattfinden. In gekoppelten zeitkontinuierlichen chaotischen Systemen manifestiert sich dieser Übergang durch den Effekt der Phasensynchronisierung, in gekoppelten chaotischen zeitdiskreten Systemen durch den Effekt eines nichtverschwindenden makroskopischen Feldes.<br /> Der Übergang zur Kohärenz in einer Kette lokal gekoppelter Oszillatoren, beschrieben durch Phasengleichungen, wird im Bezug auf die Symmetrien des Systems untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, daß die durch die Symmetrien verursachte Reversibilität des Systems nichttriviale topologische Eigenschaften der Trajektorien bedingt, so daß das als dissipativ konstruierte System in einem ganzen Parameterbereich quasi-Hamiltonische Züge aufweist, d.h. das Phasenvolumen ist im Schnitt erhalten, und die Lyapunov-Exponenten sind paarweise symmetrisch.<br /> Der Übergang zur Kohärenz in einem Ensemble global gekoppelter chaotischer Abbildungen wird durch den Verlust der Stabilität des entkoppelten Zustandes beschrieben. Die entwickelte Methode besteht darin, die Selbstkonsistenz des makroskopischen Feldes aufzuheben, und das Ensemble in Analogie mit einem Verstärkerschaltkreis mit Rückkopplung durch eine komplexe lineare Übertragungssfunktion zu charakterisieren.<br /> Diese Theorie wird anschließend für einige theoretisch interessanten Fälle verallgemeinert. / Subject of this work is the investigation of generic synchronization phenomena in interacting complex systems. These phenomena are observed, among all, in coupled deterministic chaotic systems. At very weak interactions between individual systems a transition to a weakly coherent behavior of the systems can take place. In coupled continuous time chaotic systems this transition manifests itself with the effect of phase synchronization, in coupled chaotic discrete time systems with the effect of non-vanishing macroscopic mean field.<br /> Transition to coherence in a chain of locally coupled oscillators described with phase equations is investigated with respect to the symmetries in the system. It is shown that the reversibility of the system caused by these symmetries results to non-trivial topological properties of trajectories so that the system constructed to be dissipative reveals in a whole parameter range quasi-Hamiltonian features, i.e. the phase volume is conserved on average and Lyapunov exponents come in symmetric pairs.<br /> Transition to coherence in an ensemble of globally coupled chaotic maps is described with the loss of stability of the disordered state. The method is to break the self-consistensy of the macroscopic field and to characterize the ensemble in analogy to an amplifier circuit with feedback with a complex linear transfer function.<br /> This theory is then generalized for several cases of theoretic interest.

The thesis presents a numerical study of magnetocrystalline anisotropies in dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors and transition metal systems intended to advance the current understanding of the microscopic origins of this relativistic effect and to contribute to the development of spintronic devices with new functionalities. The major part of the work surveys magnetocrystalline anisotropies in (Ga,Mn)As epilayers and compares the calculations to available experimental data. Our model is based on an envelope function description of the valence band holes and a spin representation for their kinetic-exchange interaction with localised electrons on Mn2+ ions, treated in the mean-field approximation. For epilayers with growth induced lattice-matching strains we study in-plane to out-of-plane easy axis reorientations as a function of Mn local-moment concentration, hole concentration, and temperature. Next we focus on the competition of in-plane cubic and uniaxial anisotropies. We add an in-plane shear strain to the effective Hamiltonian in order to capture measured data in bare, unpatterned epilayers, and we provide microscopic justification for this approach. The model is then extended by an in-plane uniaxial strain and used to directly describe experiments with magnetisation direction controlled by...