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This study focuses on testing the validity and reliability of dynamic Virtual Interactive Design (VID) methodology with dynamic ergonomics analysis. Virtual Interactive Design methodology has been introduced and applied on practical problems in several previous studies, and initially validated with posture-based static ergonomics analysis tools. Although most results have proved the validity and reliability based on static information considered, such validation processes is not sufficient since risks for performing certain tasks can not be fully examined without examining dynamic aspects. But the dynamic virtual interactive design environment has not been validated sufficiently. In my subsequent study, a dynamic ergonomics analysis tool will be integrated into virtual interactive design environment. For the validation of new dynamic virtual interactive design environment, experimental human motion data from 36 subjects in several tasks are imported into the integrated system and dynamic analysis results are achieved. Also, dynamic ergonomics risk results from motion captured directly from human subjects and static ergonomics risk results from virtual interactive design environment are calculated, which two will be used as standard. Comparisons between interested motion series and standard series with respect to ergonomics risk results are applied for validation purpose. And test-retest method is used for testing reliability.

Yes / Polygon, subdivision, and NURBS are three mainstream modeling techniques widely applied in commercial software packages. They require heavy manual operations, and involve a lot of design variables leading to big data, high storage costs and slow network transmissions. In this paper, we integrate the strengths of boundary-based surface creation and partial differential equation (PDE)-based geometric modeling to obtain the first analytical C continuous 4-sided PDE patches involving sculpting force-based shape creation and manipulation and use them to develop an interactive modeling technique for easy and quick creation of 3D models with small data from vertex-frames. With this modeling technique, a vertex frame is defined by eight vertices, and a C continuous 4-sided PDE patch is created from the vertex-frame through an analytical solution to a vector-valued second-order PDE subjected to the boundary conditions determined by the eight vertices of a vertex-frame. A user-friendly interface is developed from the obtained analytical solution, which enables users to interactively input and modify vertex-frame models easily and create 3D models in real time. Different surface modeling tasks are carried out to test the developed interactive tool and compare our proposed method with polygon and NURBS modeling and Coons surfaces. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method and its advantages in reducing design variables, saving storage costs, and effective shape creation and manipulation. / European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 778035; MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”

"Revealing the simple complexity" is a series of explorations which investigates the wonders of Persian patterns and develops its principles through generative and interactive design.The exploration consists of four main stages of studies and manifestations. [1] Fundamental studies, delves into the mathematical detail and principle of traditional Persian patterns, looking at the underlaying rules of the construction and composition of the patterns. [2] Generative coding and modeling, investigates ways in which traditional pattern algorithms can be simplified and reconstructed. This stage declares the main body of my thesis and includes producing work which explores techniques for form-finding using algorithm and code. [3] Interactive studies, are another important component of the process. The interaction between designer/user, code/design has been investigated though motion and light sensors in this phase. [4] A conclusion of all the previous stages have been gathered in the form of architectural manifestations and future application in this chapter. My explorations have tried to uncover simple ways in which we could rethink complicated form finding strategies, and suggests a new direction for future explorations in interactive and generative architecture. / Master of Architecture

No / Manipulation of PDE surfaces using a set of interactively defined parameters is considered. The PDE method treats surface design as a boundary-value problem and ensures that surfaces can be defined using an appropriately chosen set of boundary conditions and design parameters. Here we show how the data input to the system, from a user interface such as the mouse of a computer terminal, can be efficiently used to define a set of parameters with which to manipulate the surface interactively in real time.

This dissertation examines the role of the spatial in four works of digital interactive literature. These works are Dreamaphage by Jason Nelson (2003), Last Meal Requested by Sachiko Hayashi (2003), Façade by Michael Mateas and Andrew Stern (2005) and Egypt: The Book of Going Forth by Day by M. D. Coverley (2006). The study employs an original analytical method based on close reading and spatial analysis, which combines narrative, design and interaction theories. The resulting critique argues that the spatial components of the digital works define reader interaction and the narratives that result from it. This is one of very few in-depth studies grounded in the close reading of the spatial in digital interactive literature. Over five chapters, the dissertation analyzes the four digital works according to three common areas. Firstly, the prefaces, design and addressivity are present in each. Secondly, each of the works relies on the spatial for both interaction and the meanings that result. Thirdly, the anticipation of responses from a reader is evaluated within the interactive properties of each work. This anticipation is coordinated across the written text, moving and still images, representations of places, characters, audio and navigable spaces. The similar divisions of form, the role of the spatial and the anticipation of responses provide the basic structure for analysis. As a result, the analytical chapters open with an investigation of the prefaces, move on to the design and conclude with how the spaces of the digital works can be addressive or anticipate responses. In each chapter representations of space and representational space are described in relation to the influence they have upon the potentials for reader interaction as spatial practice. This interaction includes interpretation, as well as those elements associated with the ergodic, or the effort that defines the reception of the digital interactive texts. The opening chapter sets out the relevant theory related to space, interaction and narrative in digital literature. Chapter two presents the methodology for close reading the spatial components of the digital texts in relation to their role in interaction and narrative development. Chapter three assesses the prefaces as paratextual thresholds to the digital works and how they set up the spaces for reader engagement. The next chapter takes up the design of the digital works and its part in the formation of space and how this controls interaction. The fifth chapter looks at the addressivity of the spatial and how it contributes to the possibilities for interaction and narrative. The dissertation argues for the dominance of the spatial as a factor within the formation of narrative through interaction in digital literature, with implications across contemporary storytelling and narrative theory.

The incidence of autism is increasing in the U.K., with as many as 1% of children now thought to be affected by an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This research explores the potential of emerging interactive digital media to engage children affected by an ASD, and the development of design strategies for future professional work in this field. This is accomplished through a literature and state of the art review, and by working alongside families and professionals involved in the provision of care for children with an ASD. As a a result of this process new artefacts have been created, alongside a design methodology for future work. The research reveals the need for tailorable low arousal sensory environments within mainstream schools to meet the needs of certain members of the pupil population and demonstrates how interactive digital media can be incorporated into such spaces as part of an holistic approach to a child’s school experience. Using digital media modules trained professionals can work with the child, using the media as a point of engagement.

This study explored human-robot interaction where children got to play with the interactive social robot Romo. The focus of the study was to explore if children experienced the interactions with the robot differently depending on two parameters. The parameters used were thought to measure differences in experiences, attitudes and expectations towards the robot depending on whether the children were co-creators of the robot or merely had playful interaction with the robot. The results indicated that the children in both activity parameter groups had similar pleasurable experiences apart from four additional categories that were detected in the co-creation group. Something that indicates that the group of children that were given the opportunity to manipulate and form Romo’s behavior had a richer user experience compared to the group of children that only played with Romo. It was also noticeable that none of the children that manipulated and formed Romo’s behavior experienced it as direct learning. They saw the learning process more as being a playful experience and many of them expressed that they had taught Romo to do various things. The ability to edit Romo’s robotic motions and behavior, through an easy contextual-sign interface, inevitably allowed the children to understand physical and computational models through play. / Denna studie undersökte människa-robot interaktion där barnen fick leka med interaktiva sociala roboten Romo. Målet med studien var att undersöka om barnen upplevde interaktioner med roboten på olika sätt beroende på två parametrar. De parametrar som användes var avsedda att mäta skillnader i upplevelser, attityder och förväntningar till roboten beroende på om barnen var medskapare av roboten eller enbart hade en lekfull interaktion med det. Resultatet visade att barnen i båda aktivitets parameter grupperna hade liknande upplevelser av interaktionen med roboten förutom att gruppen som var medskapare av roboten hade ytterligare fyra njutbar upplevelser. Något som tyder på att den grupp barn som fick möjlighet att manipulera och forma Romos beteende hade en rikare användarupplevelse jämfört med den grupp av barn som bara lekte med Romo. Det var också anmärkningsvärt att ingen av barnen som manipulerade och formade Romos beteende upplevde det som direkt inlärning. De såg inlärningsprocessen mer som en lekfull upplevelse och många av dem uttryckte att de hade lärt Romo att göra olika saker. Möjligheten att redigera Romos rörelser och beteenden, genom en enkel kontextuellt gränssnitt, oundvikligen tillät barnen att förstå fysisk- och beräkningsbaserad modellering genom lek.

O presente trabalho detalha o conceito de Projeto Interativo aplicado à obra de ampliação dos Molhes da Barra do Rio Grande-RS, uma das maiores obras de infraestrutura portuária do Brasil, a qual se desenvolve em substrato argiloso de baixa capacidade de suporte e elevada compressibilidade, com espessura média de 10m. A obra de ampliação dos molhes e sua estratigrafia são detalhados após a revisão de critérios de alerta aplicados à aterros sobre solos moles. Posteriormente com o intuito de aferir modelos, fez-se uma análise da sensibilidade dos parâmetros de projeto, através da aplicação dos conceitos de segurança segundo o Método dos Volumes Deslocados, a qual definiu que a relação de volumes deslocados (dVv/dVh - razão de volume vertical deslocado, dVv, por volume horizontal deslocado, dVh) é suscetível às condições de drenagem, aos parâmetros de resistência e compressibilidade do solo de fundação, da geometria da área carregada e dos locais onde as leituras são realizadas. A dependência das leituras a este conjunto de fatores reforça a necessidade de análises numéricas específicas para definição de níveis de alerta. A análise paramétrica observou também que a aferição de parâmetros deve ser feita distintamente entre parâmetros de resistência e compressibilidade. De posse destas observações foram aferidos os parâmetros de projeto. Sequencialmente fez-se a reavaliação das seções de simulação numérica através de uma retroanálise quando do alteamento dos molhes à cota +2m. Observou-se que as simulações conseguiram capturar o comportamento em campo, em termos de deslocamentos horizontais e verticais, distorções e poro pressão. Este procedimento foi repetido até a fase de fechamento dos molhes, retroanalisando-se etapas anteriores de construção para refinar a estimativa das etapas subsequentes, garantindo-se as condições de segurança da obra. Com base neste estudo apresenta-se uma discussão quanto à postulação de critérios de segurança em obras geotécnicas, observando que estes devem ser abrangentes, de acordo com as características da obra, definindo deformações máximas e controle de taxas de deformação e, em particular, a taxa de distorção que cresce linearmente próximo à ruptura e diminui quando do aumento da estabilidade durante o período de adensamento. / The concept of Interactive Design applied to a marine breakwater in Rio Grande-RS, southern Brazil, is described in the present paper. Besides a literature review concerning constructions control methods applied in soft soil embankments, the characteristics of the site and construction work are presented and, the stratigraphy is detailed, which is characterized by a soft foundation substrate of low capacity and high compressibility, with a thickness about 10m. Based on the need to postulate security levels in geotechnical projects, according the soft layer that support the current construction, the first steep was to perform a parametric evaluation of the breakwater using the Displaced Volume Method, a field stability control for embankments on soft soil. This parametric analyses shows that dVv/dVh (ratio of vertical volume displaced, dVv, per horizontal volume displaced, dVh) is a function of drainage conditions, strength and compressibility parameters, loaded area geometry, and location of measured points. The analysis is shown to be particularly sensitive to friction angle and compressibility .Given the sensitivity of the security analysis to several different parameters and geometrical conditions, it has been stressed that specific numerical analysis should be performed for every geotechnical problem. Using these observations, soil foundation parameters, obtained in the breakwater region, were checked, and recalibrated. After that, some back analysis to verify the models was made in all instrumentation sections. It was observed that the simulations were able to capture the measured behavior of horizontal and vertical displacements, distortions, and pore pressures. The analysis was repeated for different construction phases, so that a back-analysis of a previous stage could refine the predictions of the following stage. Finally, a field control is presented according to acceptable ranges of displacements, distortion and specially distortions rates, which increases linearly near the failure and decreases when increasing stability due to consolidation effects.

O presente trabalho detalha o conceito de Projeto Interativo aplicado à obra de ampliação dos Molhes da Barra do Rio Grande-RS, uma das maiores obras de infraestrutura portuária do Brasil, a qual se desenvolve em substrato argiloso de baixa capacidade de suporte e elevada compressibilidade, com espessura média de 10m. A obra de ampliação dos molhes e sua estratigrafia são detalhados após a revisão de critérios de alerta aplicados à aterros sobre solos moles. Posteriormente com o intuito de aferir modelos, fez-se uma análise da sensibilidade dos parâmetros de projeto, através da aplicação dos conceitos de segurança segundo o Método dos Volumes Deslocados, a qual definiu que a relação de volumes deslocados (dVv/dVh - razão de volume vertical deslocado, dVv, por volume horizontal deslocado, dVh) é suscetível às condições de drenagem, aos parâmetros de resistência e compressibilidade do solo de fundação, da geometria da área carregada e dos locais onde as leituras são realizadas. A dependência das leituras a este conjunto de fatores reforça a necessidade de análises numéricas específicas para definição de níveis de alerta. A análise paramétrica observou também que a aferição de parâmetros deve ser feita distintamente entre parâmetros de resistência e compressibilidade. De posse destas observações foram aferidos os parâmetros de projeto. Sequencialmente fez-se a reavaliação das seções de simulação numérica através de uma retroanálise quando do alteamento dos molhes à cota +2m. Observou-se que as simulações conseguiram capturar o comportamento em campo, em termos de deslocamentos horizontais e verticais, distorções e poro pressão. Este procedimento foi repetido até a fase de fechamento dos molhes, retroanalisando-se etapas anteriores de construção para refinar a estimativa das etapas subsequentes, garantindo-se as condições de segurança da obra. Com base neste estudo apresenta-se uma discussão quanto à postulação de critérios de segurança em obras geotécnicas, observando que estes devem ser abrangentes, de acordo com as características da obra, definindo deformações máximas e controle de taxas de deformação e, em particular, a taxa de distorção que cresce linearmente próximo à ruptura e diminui quando do aumento da estabilidade durante o período de adensamento. / The concept of Interactive Design applied to a marine breakwater in Rio Grande-RS, southern Brazil, is described in the present paper. Besides a literature review concerning constructions control methods applied in soft soil embankments, the characteristics of the site and construction work are presented and, the stratigraphy is detailed, which is characterized by a soft foundation substrate of low capacity and high compressibility, with a thickness about 10m. Based on the need to postulate security levels in geotechnical projects, according the soft layer that support the current construction, the first steep was to perform a parametric evaluation of the breakwater using the Displaced Volume Method, a field stability control for embankments on soft soil. This parametric analyses shows that dVv/dVh (ratio of vertical volume displaced, dVv, per horizontal volume displaced, dVh) is a function of drainage conditions, strength and compressibility parameters, loaded area geometry, and location of measured points. The analysis is shown to be particularly sensitive to friction angle and compressibility .Given the sensitivity of the security analysis to several different parameters and geometrical conditions, it has been stressed that specific numerical analysis should be performed for every geotechnical problem. Using these observations, soil foundation parameters, obtained in the breakwater region, were checked, and recalibrated. After that, some back analysis to verify the models was made in all instrumentation sections. It was observed that the simulations were able to capture the measured behavior of horizontal and vertical displacements, distortions, and pore pressures. The analysis was repeated for different construction phases, so that a back-analysis of a previous stage could refine the predictions of the following stage. Finally, a field control is presented according to acceptable ranges of displacements, distortion and specially distortions rates, which increases linearly near the failure and decreases when increasing stability due to consolidation effects.