Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Dynamique des Fluides : Toulouse, INPT : 2001. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 145 réf.

Considérant l'effet des parois sur la croissance des bulles, nous avons récemment utilisé des plaques ondulées comme cloisons dans des lits minces fluidisés gaz-solide à multi-compartiments. Des analyses approfondies de la dynamique des bulles et du transfert de chaleur paroi-lit dans des lits fluidisés à cloisons planes (FWBFB) ou ondulées (CWBFB) ont été effectuées pour une variété de déclinaisons pariétales et des conditions d'opération couvrant une large gamme d'angles d'ondulation (θ = 120 °, 90 °), de distances moyennes inter-paroi (C), de hauteurs initiales de repos du lit et des rapports de vitesses superficielles du gaz aux vitesses minimales de barbotage, Ug/Umb. Il a été observé que le débit de gaz nécessaire pour amorcer le barbotage était plus faible dans le cas du CWBFB. Par ailleurs, un réseau de zones cou (distance minimale) et hanche (distance maximale) du CWBFB a également favorisé la rupture des bulles, une haute fréquence des bulles, une faible vitesse de montée des bulles et donc tous convergeant vers une meilleure distribution de gaz. Le CWBFB a offert un fonctionnement de fluidisation gaz-solide stable, une faible hauteur de désengagement de transport (HDT) comparé à FWBFB. CWBFB offert significanlty supérieur coefficient de transfert de mur-à-lit chaleur comapred à FWBFB. Des simulations complètes de type mécanique des fluides numériques (CFD) transitoires Euler-Euler 3-D ont également été menées, ce qui a permis de mieux comprendre les effets de parois ondulées sur l'augmentation de la force de traînée sur les particules dans des zones à hautes pressions convergentes-divergentes des parois ondulées. Ceux-ci ont indiqué des changements notables dans le régime de fluidisation en remplaçant les parois planes par des parois ondulées et ont en outre révélé que les zones cou étaient responsables de la création des instabilités comparativement aux zones hanche. La moyenne dans le temps des contours de la fraction volumique simulée de gaz a corroboré avec les résultats expérimentaux que le CWBFB a offert la meilleure distribution de gaz par rapport à FWBFB. Les profils axiaux de la moyenne dans le temps de la fraction volumique solide simulée ont montré que CWBFB réduit de façon nette la HDT. / With the endeavor of approaching an ideal allothermal gasifier, recently our group proposed a reactor concept of allothermal cyclic multi-compartment bubbling fluidized beds for biomass gasification with steam. The concept consisted of multiple intercalated parallelepipedic slim gasification and combustion compartments to enhance unit heat integration and thermal efficiency while preventing contact between flue gas and syngas to generate a N2-free high-quality biosyngas. However, the efficiency of contacting between gas and particles in bubbling fluidized beds is dictated to a large extent by the bubble dynamics which impacts mixing, heat and mass transfers. Literature showed that the decrease in clearance between flat walls for slim fluidization enclosures or in diameter for cylindrical vessels would make fluidized beds very sensitive to wall effects and prone to operate in slug flow regime. Since the occurrence of slugging in multi-compartment slim beds could reduce their thermal and chemical efficiency, the objective of current work was to devise suitable strategies in treating the incipient bubbles to suppress the slugging behavior of bed. By considering the effect of walls on bubble growth, we recently employed corrugated plates as separating walls in slim multi-compartment gas solid fluidized beds. Thorough analyses of bubble dynamics and wall-to-bed heat transfer in flat- (FWBFB) and corrugated- (CWBFB) wall bubbling fluidized beds were performed for a variety of wall declinations and operating conditions covering a range of corrugation angles (θ=120o, 90o), average inter-wall clearances (C), initial rest bed heights (Hi) and ratios of gas superficial velocity to minimum bubbling velocity, Ug/Umb. It was observed that gas flowrate required to achieve the incipient bubbling condition was lower in case of CWBFB. A network of neck (minimum clearance) and hip (maximum clearance) locations in CWBFB also promoted bubbles breakup, higher bubble frequency, lower bubble rise velocity and thus all converging into a better gas distribution. CWBFB offered stable gas-solid fluidization operation and lower transport disengagement height as compared to FWBFB. During the experimental work, digital image analysis technique and fast response heat flux probes were employed to study the effects of operating and geometrical parameters on bubble dynamics and wall-to-bed heat transfer. Two artificial neural network correlations valid both for FWBFB and CWBFB were recommended for the estimation of bubble frequency and size (equivalent diameter). Full 3-D transient Euler-Euler CFD simulations with kinetic theory of granular flow were also carried out which helped shaping an understanding of the effects of corrugated walls on increasing the drag force on particles in the converging-diverging high-pressure zones in corrugated walls. The dynamic fluctuations in the simulated solid phase volume fraction, granular temperature and granular pressure were monitored to determine their standard deviations. These revealed notable shifts in the fluidization regime by replacing flat walls with corrugated walls and further revealed that necks were responsible for inception of instabilities as compared to hips. Time averaged contours of simulated gas volume fraction corroborated with experimental findings that CWBFB offered better gas distribution as compared to FWBFB. Axial profiles of simulated time averaged solid volume fraction and granular temperature showed that CWBFB significantly reduced the transport disengagement height as compared to FWBFB.