Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Divina de Fatima dos Santos.pdf: 3004508 bytes, checksum: c79cae78c782bb49ee526add52bbe8e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis analyzed the benefits of an exchange of letters between very different generations, investigating how the act of writing about events of everyday life may be associated with a better self perception of the participants in the process. We try to understand the meaning of an exchange of letters occurred between children and elderly people, in the city of Caraguatatuba, on the northern coast of São Paulo, and its effects on their subjectivities. The study analyzed the participation of eight pairs, each one consisted of a student from the 4th or 5th year of a Primary School and aged between 9 and 11 years, and an elderly, over 60 years of age, from a Reference Center for the Elderly, in 2011 and 2012. Its specific objectives were: to identify whether the words written and exchanged between children and the elderly promote moments of gratification and joy, as well as opportunities to see themselves in the world; to provide and to analyze moments of social interaction between participants, thereby contributing to the construction of a memory about this experience and stage of their lives; to promote the opportunity for inter-relationship, providing both for the child and for the elderly a sense of social inclusion; to create in the participants alternatives of self-expression, validating their experiences of social sharing. A qualitative research was made with letters and questionnaires used as instruments and considered from the perspective of content analysis focused on meanings, and this strategy was methodologically complemented by participant observation. The experience of an exchange of letters produced positive psychological effects for its participants, both immediate and remote, by contributing to the expansion of the view about the world and themselves. For the elderly, expanding the memory of significant experiences, associated with written records and the possibility of using them in moments of weakness, produced psychological benefits that were observed by the research. The experience of living positive emotions brought comfort to the aging process because it attenuated to the old people the perception of social exclusion and loneliness, by reviving the feeling of usefulness and social inclusion, by providing a real life experience and by meeting the needs of this phase of life. The possibility of self-expression also favored the maturation and psychosocial development of children, as the correspondence produced an interlocutor that listen carefully and seek to understand the demands that are specific to childhood / Esta tese analisou os benefícios da troca de cartas entre gerações muito distintas, investigando o quanto o ato de escrever sobre acontecimentos da vida cotidiana pode estar associado a uma melhor autopercepção dos participantes do processo. Procurou-se compreender o significado de uma troca de correspondências ocorrida entre crianças e idosos, residentes na cidade de Caraguatatuba, no litoral norte de São Paulo, e os seus efeitos sobre suas subjetividades. O trabalho analisou a participação de oito duplas, cada uma composta por um aluno do 4º ou 5º ano de uma Escola de Ensino Fundamental e com idade entre 9 e 11 anos, e por um idoso, acima dos 60 anos, de um Centro de Referência para Idosos, nos anos de 2011 e 2012. Seus objetivos específicos foram: identificar se as palavras escritas e trocadas entre crianças e idosos promovem momentos de gratificação e alegria, bem como oportunidades de se perceberem no mundo; propiciar e analisar os momentos de interação social existentes entre os interlocutores, contribuindo assim para a construção de uma memória sobre esta experiência e fase de suas vidas; promover a oportunidade de inter-relação, propiciando tanto para a criança quanto para o idoso a sensação de inserção social; criar nos interlocutores alternativas de autoexpressão, validando suas experiências pela partilha social. Foi feita uma pesquisa qualitativa, com cartas e questionários utilizados como instrumentos e considerados sob a perspectiva da análise de conteúdo focada em significados, estratégia esta que foi complementada metodologicamente pela observação participante. A experiência de troca de cartas produziu efeitos psicológicos positivos para seus participantes, tanto imediatos quanto remotos, ao contribuir para a ampliação da visão acerca do mundo e de si mesmos. Para os idosos, a ampliação da memória de experiências significativas, associada ao seu registro escrito e à possibilidade de recorrer a ele em momentos de fragilidade, produziu benefícios psicológicos que foram observados pela investigação. A experiência de viver emoções positivas trouxe conforto para o processo de envelhecimento na medida em que atenuou para o idoso a percepção de exclusão social e de solidão, ao lhe reavivar a sensação de utilidade e inserção social, ao oferecer uma experiência de vida real e ao atender às necessidades desta fase da vida. A possibilidade de autoexpressão favoreceu também o amadurecimento e o desenvolvimento psicossocial de crianças, pois a troca de correspondências produziu um interlocutor que as ouvisse com atenção e que procurasse compreender as demandas que são específicas da infância

The growing number of video gamers over the age of fifty has sparked new interests in the transformative power of play and consequently, video games, for a larger demographic of citizens. Researchers have found that digital gaming can have positive effects on the physical, psychological and cognitive well-being of older adults. Of particular interest to this thesis is the potential of games to facilitate social connections between different generations of players. Intergenerational games have focused on improving relations between younger people and older adults by providing enjoyable interactions that can impart cognitive and physical benefits. While previous work has focused on enhancing intergenerational social connections between relatives, non-familial intergenerational encounters have scarcely been explored. Games often feature asymmetrical participation and require long term interest, all factors that can prove challenging to implement for public non-kin intergenerational gameplay. Previous works have shown that the successful use of games is dependent on a number of psychosocial and contextual factors that shape the player experience. One of them is the degree of familiarity between players. Familiarity has been linked to many of the core motivations associated with intergenerational play, exposing doubts of whether the same motivations can be used to inform the design of intergenerational games between strangers of different ages. In addition, for most socio-technical interventions designed for older adults, the characteristics of seniors have predominantly been framed around accessibility and decline. This limited perspective also tends to be true when discussing games designed for seniors. Finally, existing research on games for seniors has mainly focused on seniors who play conventional video games and self-identify as gamers, further marginalizing seniors who do not fit these descriptions. The current design of intergenerational games might not be ready for adoption by the broader society. In response to these gaps, this thesis presents a research through design project aimed to investigate how a general population of older people (who may not be composed of video-gamers) perceive and experience game and play, and map this knowledge to promising playful approaches of intergenerational encounters while at the same time promoting a positive image of older adults as active and sociable members of society. The methodology featured a participatory approach that involved interview studies, co-design workshops, and playtests that helped to articulate the general requirements for an intergenerational game to be played in public spaces. The result of these formative exercises produced Klang Verbindet (“Sound Connects”), an interactive playful system that supports embodied interaction and group exploration of spaces. Designed to be played through body movements, the system employs vision-based algorithms and sound synthesis to provide an age- agnostic space for public play. Interactions with the system were evaluated in two different public contexts, using direct observations, semi-structured group interviews, and post-game questionnaires. Based on these data and the design and implementation of the system, the thesis describes a number of important factors to be considered when designing and evaluating games for non-familial intergenerational interaction. The most important being, to design for short-term and low-entry engagements which are defined as “low-threshold intergenerational encounters”. Within this space, the thesis discusses the distinctive value of - ambiguity, appropriation, and curiosity as drivers of gameplay for rapid mixed-aged encounters in the public context.

Объектом исследования в диссертации является процесс родительства. Цель исследования – изучить процесс формирования и развития гражданской активности последующего поколения в ходе родительства предыдущего и разработать рекомендации, направленные на стимулирование этого процесса. Основными методами проведения исследования стали качественный и количественный анализ, а именно полуформализованное интервью, кейс-стади, анкетирование. В процессе исследований была систематизирована совокупность семейных факторов, влияющих на формирование и развитие гражданской активности в ходе родительства; проанализировано нормативно-правовое регулирование гражданской активности; разработана концепция межпоколенческих моделей формирования и развития гражданской активности у последующего поколения в ходе родительства предыдущих; разработана и реализована методика социологического исследования процессов формирования и развития гражданской активности. Результатом работы стала разработка ряда рекомендаций и мероприятий по стимулированию гражданской активности через институт семьи. Рекомендации адресованы органам государственного и муниципального управления, а также общественным организациям и некоммерческим объединениям. / The object of research in the dissertation is the process of parenting. The purpose of the research is to study the process of formation and development of civic activity of the next generation during the previous parenthood and to develop recommendations aimed at stimulating this process. The main methods of research were qualitative and quantitative analysis, namely semi-formal interviews, case studies, and questionnaires. A set of family factors that influence the formation and development of civic activity during parenthood was systematized; we analyze the legal regulation of civil activity; we developed the concept of intergenerational models of formation and development of civil activity in the next generation during parenthood of the previous ones; the methodology of sociological research of the processes of formation and development of civil activity is developed and implemented. The result of this work was the development of a number of recommendations and measures to stimulate civic activity through the family Institute. The recommendations are addressed to state and municipal authorities, as well as public organizations and non-profit associations.