Thesis advisor: Johannes de Wit / While internationalization in higher education is widely documented, little research has been conducted on how internationalization efforts at the 28 Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States have been operated. Through three exploratory case studies at Boston College, Saint Louis University, and the University of San Francisco, administrators, faculty members, and students were interviewed to address questions of rationales, strategies, outcomes with respect to internationalization, in relation to the Jesuit mission. Information from institutional websites and Jesuit documents served to round out the analysis of global engagement at Jesuit higher education institutions in the United States. Informed by the literature, the study draws on data collected from the 24 semi-structured interviews including individual and focus groups of international and study-abroad students. The study employs the conceptual framework of three pillars of internationalization at home, abroad, and through partnerships, provided by De Wit, Howard, Egron-Polak, & Hunter (2015). The findings show the growth of Jesuit institutions in the United States in the number of their internationals students, more concentration on global curricula, more opportunities for study abroad, and promotion of international partnerships. However, the study illustrates that Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States are still more regional or national institutions and are involved in internationalization at a preliminary stage of the process with ad hoc and fragmented strategic plans. The thesis ends with recommendations for more global collaboration and frequent assessment among Jesuit entities in order to sustain their operation and continually pursue the international mission of their Jesuit tradition, for a more balanced approach between the business/reputation model and the mission model, for more faculty and international students support, and for more attention to international alumni. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

Le sujet porte sur le partenariat, son avènement et ses portées juridiques, de sorte que le champ temporel de cette approche descriptive et analytique couvre à la fois la veille et l'aube du troisième millénaire. Ainsi, cette approche afférente au partenariat au sein du système international se base notamment sur les instruments juridiques pré-onusiens à savoir le pacte de la SDN, et ceux onusiens, à commencer par la charte des Nations Unies et la déclaration du millénaire, ayant généré les objectifs du millénaire pour le développement. Ces deux instruments et bien d'autres ayant une nature thématique et dogmatique, sont évalués et surtout affinés par des documents de nature nettement plus pragmatique, notamment le document final du sommet mondial 2005. Par ce moyen, la nature juridique est mieux conjuguée avec les retombées socioéconomiques au niveau mondial. Par conséquent, la thèse tente une modélisation du partenariat, notion récente et peu consensuelle, apportant ainsi du pragmatisme sur le plan notionnel et empirique du droit du développement. / The subject deals the partnership, its emergence and its juridical range, as the temporal scope of this descriptive and analytical approach, covers both, the eve and the dawn of the third millennium, therefore, this approach related to the partnership within the international system, based especially on the pre-United Nations instruments in particular the pact of the League of Nations, and the united nations instrument, especially the Charter of this organization and the Millennium Declaration, which generate the Millennium Development goals In particular, the eighth goal, related to establishment of a global partnership for development. These two instruments and more others with dogmatic and thematic kind, are evaluated and refined by much more pragmatic documents, that is the, 2005 world summit outcome document, so the juridical nature is better combined with worldwide socioeconomic impact and its applications on a regional, multilateral and bilateral partnership . Thus, the thesis tries modeling the most consensual guidelines partnership, this recent and little consensual notion.

BACKGROUND: Rapid changes in healthcare and science have enhanced the need for international educational experiences (IEE). Despite the importance of IEE in healthcare, there is a lack of literature in this area of research specifically relating to respiratory therapy. Therefore, it is important to assess the perceived impact of IEE in the United States on RT students in order to evaluate the need for developing international educational opportunities in the field of respiratory therapy. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess Saudi RT international students’ perception of the impact of IEE on their lives experiences. METHODS: Data were collected through a descriptive survey using a modified version of the international education survey (IES). The survey was emailed to all RT members of the Saudi Society for Respiratory Care (SSRC). Four main dimensions were assessed: Professional RT role, global understanding, personal development, and intellectual development. Excluded from the study were non-Saudi RTs and RTs with no IEE from the United States. RESULTS: Nineteen responses met the exclusion criteria of the study and were excluded. The total adjusted number of participants was sixty-two (n=62) out of (N=534) emailed surveys. The study response rate was 15.17%. Just over half of participants hold a graduate degree in RT while 48.4% hold an undergraduate degree in RT. Female participants accounted for 12.9% of all participants while male participants accounted for 87.1%. The study revealed that “professional RT role” was the most impacted area of IEE for RT undergraduate students (M 5.48, ± 1.4). The study showed that “global understanding” was the most impacted area of IEE for graduate RT students (M 5.4, SD of ± 0.84). The study findings showed that there is a moderately significant positive correlation between the duration of IEEs and the impact of RT professional role (r=0.426; p=0.001). Moreover, the study findings indicated that IEEs had a higher but insignificant influence on former international RT students’ perceptions of impact than current students. Conclusion: IEE had a large overall impact on participant’s lives experiences. The study findings support the value of promoting IEEs in the United States for RT students due to its perceived positive impact on internationalization of healthcare. Further studies with higher number of participants, different cultural backgrounds, and different IEE destinations is recommended.

L'approche sectorielle consiste à envisager la limitation ou la réduction des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre secteur par secteur. Une telle approche implique un changement de paradigme par rapport à l'approche dominante de la diplomatie climatique qui s'articule principalement autour d'engagements portant sur l'ensemble de l'économie des différents Etats Parties. La principale question à laquelle tente de répondre la présente thèse de doctorat est de déterminer de quelle manière et sous quelles conditions la diplomatie climatique pourrait s'appuyer sur une approche sectorielle pour accroître l'efficacité des efforts internationaux de lutte contre les changements climatiques. Il s'agit de déterminer si la généralisation de démarches, de politiques, d'actions ou de mesures par secteur pourrait permettre de réduire substantiellement et au moindre coût les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Pour ce faire, de nombreuses pistes de réflexions sont envisagées : des négociations distinctes au sein d'organisations internationales spécialisées, des initiatives sectorielles volontaires, des partenariats internationaux, des démarches sectorielles et autres mesures par secteurs concertées, des mécanismes sectoriels fondés sur le marché. Dans chaque cas de figure, il s'agit d'examiner dans quels secteurs, mais également autour de quelles parties prenantes et à partir de quels mécanismes, des démarches sectorielles pourraient concrètement émerger / Sectoral approaches refer to a series of new proposals, which focuses on the limitation of world greenhouse gas emission on a sector-by-sector basis. Thess approaches relie on a change of paradigm with regard to the dominant approach of the international climate regime, which is based upon an economy-wide approach towards GHG emissions. The main issue addressed by this PhD dissertation is to clarify how and under which conditions a sectoral approach could efficiently and effectively contribute to the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions. Could sector-specific initiatives, policies, actions and measures practically reduce GHG emissions at the lowest cost? In which sectors? Involving which stakeholders? Relying on which legal, economic or financial instruments? A sectoral approach could potentially be implemented through different legal/economic/financial means: separated sectoral negotiations within specialised international organisations, voluntary sectoral initiatives, international sector-based partnerships, cooperative approaches and sector-specific actions and/or sectoral market-based mechanisms. Subsequently, this dissertation evaluates the relevance and the practical feasibility of various sector-based proposals during the first period of commitment and beyond 2012