This thesis presents a study of technology transfer within the telecommunications company of Venezuela (CANTV) between 1991-1996. The thesis examines, in-depth, a single case - CANTV - at a critical time in its history. The company was state-owned until 1991 when it became a partnership with a US corporation, General Telephone Electronic (GTE) and Telefonica de Espana. The case is discussed against the background of global re-organisation of the telecommunications sector, its institutional transformation and technological change to provide an empirical foundation for a extensive study of technology transfer within the context of international alliances. It extends established theories which, hitherto, have not adequately described the role of partnerships as a conduit for the transfer of technologies. Until the early 1990s the performance of CANTV was far below international best practice. It was determined, at governmental level in Venezuela, to institute a radical transformation and profound changes took place in ownership, technology and, subsequently, performance. The case was analysed using a multi-disciplinary and longitudinal approach, drawing extensively on grounded theory. Data was gathered by participant observation, extensive interviews, study of company and governmental documentation. Frameworks for analysis were drawn from innovation theory, analyses of international technology transfer approaches and business management theory. In addition to an extensive organisational study, focusing on the relationships between partners, two specific technologies selected for examination as they were transferred into CANTV from partners. One technology was 'successfully transferred, the other not - this provided data for a detailed comparative analysis. The research concludes that a 'new' model of technology transfer has emerged within strategic partnerships and international alliances. However, to be successful, a portfolio of managerial capabilities is needed to reap the benefits of potential synergies between partners. Especially important are management skills and processes to define partners' capabilities, position technologies, manage complex transfer processes and support on-going learning.

Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T22:53:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bertazzo_JulianaSantosMaia_D.pdf: 3409902 bytes, checksum: 2f3ceabffb8b7b725889457b7a33b239 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte contraria a teoria das alianças: mesmo tendo sido declarada vencedora da Guerra Fria por uma inesperada retirada de seu oponente, ela não saiu de cena. A Aliança Atlântica desde então se expandiu e se adaptou gradativamente às novas exigências do contexto regional e internacional, com uma presença ativa em ambos. Após os eventos de 11 de setembro 2001, contudo, a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte perde seu foco principal, que era a defesa da Europa, e se desdobra entre demandas regionais e globais não só dos seus membros, mas também de outras organizações. O meu objeto de pesquisa é, portanto, a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte em sua nova fase, ao mesmo tempo um caso único de persistência entre as alianças militares e de adaptação entre as organizações regionais de segurança. Minha análise sobre os fenômenos relacionados à nova fase da Aliança Atlântica se desenvolve em quatro pontos: o alargamento, a permanência, a transformação, e as operações. Minha hipótese central é que durante a Guerra Fria a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte foi uma referência para a segurança internacional, mas se manteve restrita à dinâmica da segurança regional, e com o fim da confrontação bipolar ela assume tarefas que progressivamente expõem os seus limites. Assim, neste trabalho de pesquisa, divido os pontos destacados em dois grandes eixos: enquanto um se refere a questões de segurança regional, incluindo alargamento e permanência, o outro diz respeito à segurança internacional, contendo a transformação da Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte e sua atuação em operações diversas. Com base em dados obtidos durante a pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, afirmo que esta política atual de expansão do alcance geográfico e estratégico da Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte apresenta sérias limitações. Mais especificamente, minhas hipóteses de trabalho são de que há limitações para o seu (I) alargamento, colocadas pela Rússia, para a sua (II) permanência, colocadas pela União Européia, para sua (III) transformação, colocadas pela necessidade de um componente civil nas operações em que se envolve, e também para a sua (IV) atuação global, colocadas pelo engajamento dos seus membros. Portanto, nesta tese analiso (I) o ritmo e a direção da expansão da Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte, (II) a sua permanência e a sua relação com outras organizações, (III) o seu conceito estratégico e desenho institucional, e finalmente (IV) as suas operações, com atenção para as questões de legitimidade. As conclusões do meu estudo apontam para a chegada de um ponto de inflexão importante: tendo passado toda a Guerra Fria sem entrar em combate, a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte vive uma nova fase, se envolvendo constantemente em conflitos, mas seu maior desafio atual é a afirmação de sua contínua utilidade e relevância. / Abstract: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization stands against this theory of alliances: even after it was declared winner of the Cold War by a sudden lack of opponent, it was not disbanded. The Atlantic Alliance has since then expanded and gradually adapted itself to respond to new demands of the regional and international contexts, keeping itself actively present in both. In the post-September 11 era, however, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization loses its main focus, which was the defense of Europe, and takes on regional and global tasks to comply with requests from its own members and also extraneous actors. My research topic is therefore the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in this new phase, at once a unique case of persistence among military alliances and of adaptation amongst organizations. My analysis of the phenomena related to the new phase of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization revolves around four points: enlargement, persistence, transformation and operations. My central hypothesis is that during the Cold War, although the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was a reference for international security, it was restricted to the dynamics of regional security, and after the end of the bipolar confrontation, it takes on tasks that progressively reveal the limits of the Alliance. Thus, in this research work I divided these four main points into two axes: while one is concerned with regional security issues, such as enlargement and persistence, the other involves international security, namely transformation and operations. I use data obtained through bibliographic and field research to argue that the current geographic and strategic expansion policy carried out by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has serious limitations. More specifically, my working hypotheses are that there are limits to (I) the enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, posed by Russia, (II) to its persistence, posed by the European Union, to its (III) transformation, posed by the lack of a civilian component for its operations, and finally, for its (IV) global operations, due to unsteady commitment by its members. Therefore, in this thesis I analyze (I) the pace and direction of expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, (II) its persistence and its relations with other organizations, (III) its strategic concept and institutional design, and finally (IV) its operations, with special attention to legitimacy issues. The conclusions of my study reveal the coming of an important turning point: having gone through the whole of the Cold War without engaging in combat, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization mow lives a new phase, which sees it constantly involved in conflicts, but assuring its continued utility and relevance is hitherto its major challenge. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência Política