The purpose of this study was to identify the changes in the perceptions of a selected group of Mexican and Japanese foreign students regarding own culture, target culture, and belief system over a time of sojourn in the United States. The total population of this study included 120 Japanese and Mexican students at the University of Arizona and at Pima College, Tucson, Arizona. The students were divided into six equal cells of twenty according to nationality and length of sojourn. The instrumentation employed in this study included: The Cultural Literacy Inventory, Rokeach Dogmatism Scale E, and a personal questionnaire. The following independent variables were also introduced into the study: age, sex, marital status, mobility of residence, past cross-cultural contact, and level of English proficiency. The following independent variables were identified as significant in affecting the target culture perceptions of the students: length of sojourn, sex, marital status in combination with nationality, age, residential mobility from house to house and level of English proficiency. The following independent variables were identified as significant in affecting the own cultural perceptions of the students: length of sojourn in its effect on the intragroup homogeneity of the Mexican students only, and level of English proficiency in its effect on the intragroup homogeneity for both nationalities. The following independent variables were identified as significant in affecting the degree of openness of belief system: nationality, age, residential mobility from house to house in combination with nationality, residential mobility from town to town in combination with nationality, and level of English proficiency. It was predicted that the Mexican students would face more cultural conflict in the areas of Interaction, Association, Subsistence, Temporality, and Learning. It was predicted that the Japanese students would face more cultural conflict in the areas of Interaction, Subsistence, Territoriality, Learning and Play. The researcher offered recommendations for further research and suggestions for the use of the findings of this study as a data base for orientation programs serving foreign students, Americans sojourning abroad, and in teacher education programs.

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In response to the changes brought about by globalization, colleges and universities around the \Vorld are increasingly developing and expanding the 4 internationalization programs on their campuses. One important aspect of these programs that is often highlighted by institutions in their mission statements is the development of global citizenship among graduates. However, despite the rhetorical claims and apparent intemationalization activity aimed at producing global citizens, many recent reports suggest that most institutions in North America and elsewhere have not been successful in this goal. Two common issues in this failure are a Jack of clarity in the definition and purpose of global citizenship education, and Jack of appropriate assessment tools and practices. In light of these problems, this exploratory thesis examines two existing frameworks, cosmopolitanism and intercultural relations, in an effort to establish a strong theoretical foundation for the support and development of a moral, ethical, and social justice perspective of education for global citizenship programs in colleges and universities that reflects the traditions of a liberal education. Analysis of the existing scholarship in these two areas shows a commonality between the frameworks that is mostly unrecognized in the literature. Together, the similarities in these two theoretical frameworks combine to make a compelling argument for the continued development of global citizenship programs that focus on peace and social justice. In addition, these frameworks provide effective solutions for the critical problems faced by education for global citizenship programs.

As U.S. higher education institutions strive to educate students to meet the needs of an increasingly complex world, there is great importance in studying the interplay between leadership and culture to enhance preparation of global-ready graduates. This inquiry examines the relationship between intercultural competence and leadership styles. The construct of intercultural competence focuses on effectiveness in engaging people across cultural differences, while the construct of leadership style or "connective leadership" focuses on the achieving styles employed to engage diverse followers. The Fulbright International Student Program offers an unparalleled opportunity to examine the dynamic interplay of intercultural and leadership development. More than 100 participants were surveyed using the Intercultural Effectiveness Scale and Achieving Styles Inventory psychometric instruments. Statistically significant correlations emerged between intercultural competence and connective leadership across four critical themes: individual development, the Fulbright Program, international education, and higher education. Overall, multiple leadership styles can be achieved through curiosity and continuous learning about cultural differences. Implications for individual learning and organizational development are discussed.