The thesis deals with the most recent and discussed issue of the safe provision of direct banking services. Although surveys indicate that users of banking online services do not show much concern about the safety of the internet banking, the reality is quite different. Banking houses put a lot of emphasis on the information embargo and their clients will never learn about the majority of attacks. Due to higher demands for the safety of direct banking applications compared to conventional applications, made available over the Internet are subject to increasing security demands, and there are a number of recommendations and standards that should be followed for the Internet banking to be considered truly safe. However, even if there is a full compliance with all ISO standards and the situation in security remains critical. Therefore, there is a need for broader use of security methods. This thesis carries out a very comprehensive analysis of all existing security methods and recommends new security methods. For better clarity, the new method embedded in the context of existing and they are viewed from different angles as the effectiveness of authentication methods to the threats, the appropriateness of methods according to the segment, application methods in various channels, customer relationship and hardware components of the method, comfort, etc. Finally, I use the Gartner's chart to better illustrate the advantages of the proposed methods.

by Shek Wong. / Thesis submitted in: December 1997. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-[94]). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Electronic Commerce --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Electronic Cash --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- What This Report Contains --- p.9 / Chapter 2 --- Cryptographic Background --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Euler Totient Function --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Fermat's Little Theorem --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Quadratic Residues --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- Legendre Symbol --- p.13 / Chapter 2.5 --- Jacobi Symbol --- p.14 / Chapter 2.6 --- Blum Integer --- p.16 / Chapter 2.7 --- Williams Integer --- p.18 / Chapter 2.8 --- The Quadratic Residuosity Problem --- p.19 / Chapter 2.9 --- The Factorization Problem --- p.20 / Chapter 2.10 --- The Discrete Logarithm Problem --- p.20 / Chapter 2.11 --- One-way Functions --- p.21 / Chapter 2.12 --- Blind Signature --- p.22 / Chapter 2.13 --- Cut-and-choose Methodology --- p.24 / Chapter 3 --- Anatomy and Panorama of Electronic Cash --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1 --- Anatomy of Electronic Cash --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Three Functions and Six Criteria --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Untraceable --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Online and Off-line --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Security --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Transferability --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- Panorama of Electronic Cash --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- First Model of Off-line Electronic Cash --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Successors --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Binary Tree Based Divisible Electronic Cash --- p.36 / Chapter 4 --- Spending Limit Enforced Electronic Cash --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction to Spending Limit Enforced Electronic Cash --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Scheme --- p.41 / Chapter 4.3 --- An Example --- p.44 / Chapter 4.4 --- Techniques --- p.47 / Chapter 4.5 --- Security and Efficiency --- p.51 / Chapter 5 --- Interest-bearing Electronic Cash --- p.53 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction to Interest-bearing Electronic Cash --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2 --- An Example --- p.55 / Chapter 5.3 --- The Scheme --- p.55 / Chapter 5.4 --- Security --- p.57 / Chapter 5.5 --- An Integrated Scheme --- p.58 / Chapter 5.6 --- Applications --- p.59 / Chapter 6 --- Abacus Type Electronic Cash --- p.61 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.61 / Chapter 6.2 --- Abacus Model --- p.63 / Chapter 6.3 --- Divisible Abacus Electronic Coins --- p.66 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Binary Tree Abacus Approach --- p.66 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Multi-tree Approach --- p.57 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Analysis --- p.69 / Chapter 6.4 --- Abacus Electronic Cash System --- p.71 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Opening Protocol --- p.71 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Withdrawal Protocol --- p.74 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Payment and Deposit Protocol --- p.75 / Chapter 6.5 --- Anonymity and System Efficiency --- p.78 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusions --- p.80 / Chapter A --- Internet Payment Systems --- p.82 / Chapter A.1 --- Bare Web FORM --- p.82 / Chapter A.2 --- Secure Web FORM Payment System --- p.85 / Chapter A.3 --- Membership Type Payment System --- p.86 / Chapter A.4 --- Agent Based Payment System --- p.87 / Chapter A.5 --- Internet-based POS --- p.87 / B Papers derived from this thesis --- p.89 / Bibliography --- p.90

<p>Internet banking has an impact on banking performance as well as customer’s daily life. Customers are getting more used to use Internet banking services because the Internet is so popular and common available, it is more convenient and comfortable for customers to use banking services on the Internet. Hereby Internet banking also helps to improve banking service and increasing banks profitability by reducing costs. It also increases the overall value of the banks services by providing convenience, reliable, faster, cheaper services. The purpose of study is to find out which services customer prefers to execute the Internet bank and which services customers prefer to execute through branch office and based on this, what combination of services are desirable for banks customers in Visby. Finding shows that young and educated people are more frequently users of Internet banking for balance inquiry and for viewing the transaction history of his/her account. For some services customers prefer to visit branch office when opining a new account, deposit money, insurances service and loan activities. Banks encourage their customers to use online services but there is need that there are some activities that customer must go to the branch office.</p>

Owing to the insufficient varieties of the financial products or the offer of identical financial services or merchandise by banks, Taiwan¡¦s financial environment has resulted in over-banking predicaments. In addition, the financial company managing directors are bewilderedly on the concept of economies of scale so as to consider that the more physical banking chains they construct, the more business deals will be done. Owing to the said reasons, the banks have involved in large scale and intense competition such as applying low margin strategy over the years. In the early days, the banks have established branches, ATM, as well as telephone speech banking to better service their customers. Nowadays, electronic banking, the newest banking service, is undoubtedly included by each bank to provide even better and quick service to answer to customers¡¦ instant demands. By providing 24 hours a day, all yearlong prompt services and convenient access, the electronic banking have considerably increased the banking transactions, largely reduced the operating cost, brought more earnings and created preferable competitive advantage so that it is unquestionably considered as the 21st century¡¦s revolutionary financial service innovation. In theory, owing to its traits of no boundary to territory and time, the electronic banking could ideally contribute to more revenues than that of the physical banking chains. The phenomenon, moreover, stands for that the original electronic banking has reformed from its affiliated role to the banks to the fact that it could successfully compete with the physical banking chains. In retrospect to the early stage of the electronic banking, bank companies have purposely established the electronic banking in attempt to lower the operating cost such as bank account checking service that has obviously consumed a great deal of the manpower and in the hope of transferring those activities from the bank counters or telephone speech banking to electronic or virtual banking. By doing that, the customers could personally check through their accounts from the electronic banking system banks provide. Along with the rapid growth and use of the internet, more and more banks have realized that the electronic banking could contribute more and more innovative banking services and good margin. Through the study, we have found that the major obstacles to the development of the electronic banking are resulted from that the users have very little trust on the internet transaction mechanism. In addition to that, 1) alternatives such as physical banking chains and ATM are easy to access 2) users¡¦ not being able to access to the electronic banking unless certain application is submitted to banks beforehand 3) the interference on banking by government¡¦s regulation 4) banks¡¦ failure to lessen users¡¦ concern of the internet transaction safety through advertisement or propaganda have all dragged the development of domestic electronic banking. By interviewing professionals, here we conclude the following suggestions to solve the issue that very few people using the electronic banking. 1) It is suggested that IC card and card reader to be applied for the verification of users¡¦ identity instead of solely inserting users¡¦ name and password on the internet as a way to lessen users¡¦ perceived risk. 2) It is suggested that the electronic banks should include the tax paying platform. Considering that the low cost electronic bank will substantially surpass the physical banking chains owing to its effortless access, electronic banking executives should come up with revolutionary solutions to enhance the efficiency as well as added value of electronic banking.

The new information technology is becoming an important factor in the future development of financial service industry, most of banks are using the Internet as a new distribution channel, people use the Internet bank to keep an eye on their money matters, view their account balance and check receiving payments,Currently, one stream of internet banking customer retention research focus primarily on the determinants of continuance intention from cognitive perspective based on technology adoption model (TAM), whereas another stream of internet banking customer satisfaction research focused on the emotion from affective events theory (AET), the studyattempts to bridge the two streams of research and to explain internet banking customer post-adoption behavior. Internet banking customer behaviors research focused on the benefits of the system in determining systems success, the benefits of internet banking are discussed from five points of view; time saving, cost saving, fast, accessible, and available, we use the term ¡§utilitarian benefits¡¨ to refer to the functional, on the other hand, internet banking customer behaviors research focused on the benefits of the emotion, the benefits of internet banking are discussed from five points of view; excitement, cheerfulness, delight, security, confidence, we use the term ¡§hedonic benefits¡¨ to refer to the aesthetic. Finally, the result show that hedonic benefit improves customer satisfaction more than utilitarian benefit.

The liberalization, internationalization, securitization and computerization of the financial market in Taiwan is forcing the banking industry to face rapid changes. Furthermore, only the banks which make use of the information technology more efficiently will get the competitive edge and improve her performance through offering a diversity of products and services. The banking industry has used the financial information technology to replace the banking operation procedures conducted conventionally by human. The most important for the banks is how can they supply financial information and offer solutions to meet each client's requirements individually. This can be achieved by enhancing the quality of services by means of call center, electronic, home banking, ATM, etc. This study intends to examine consumer behaviour by using multi-variable statistical analysis with costomer segmentation. Moreover, this study will suggest that the banking industry performance can be improved by changing the bank's operation systems and changing the competitive strategy to focus on individual customer needs. Established over 26 years, United World Chinese Commercial Bank (UWCCB) has a distinguished record of achievement. As at the end of the year of 2000, the bank has more than 70 branches, and the paid-in capital and net worth amounted to NTD 34.10 billion (USD 1.0 billion) and NTD 63.20 billion (USD 2.0 billion) respectively, while its total assets have up to NTD 661.20 billion (USD 20.0 billion), and the number of accountholders has reached 4.20 million which make UWCCB able to become a global bank with sound foundations. Based on these valuable data sources, this study intends to analyse the related contribution by taking into consideration of customer characteristics and individual requirements, then to broaden the operating scale and increase the profit. Furthermore, this study also intends to make some suggestions for the bank able to excerpt more revenues from some groups of clienteles. The appliance of financial information technology has brought more opportunities for the banking industry, not only for the maximum benefit of customers, it also help the banks to perform the function of ¡§money-flow¡¨ in the economy. Keywords¡GBanking Performance, Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Database Marketing, Internet Banking, Information Technology

M.Tech. Business Administration (MBA)

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Business / Master / Master of Philosophy

Advances in technology have changed the way business is conducted. In particular, the advent of internet/online banking in the financial sector, has revolutionised the banking industry. Despite the introduction of online banking in the 90's, the number of consumers converting to the offering has progressed slowly. There are numerous reasons for this, one of them being lack of infrastructure, high Internet costs and more importantly the mindset of the customer. Banks are competing on the basis of technology and service offering to win a sizeable share of the online market. However very little is known about the factors influencing consumer behaviour in the South African online banking market. This study aims to investigate the psychological and cultural factors influencing consumer behaviour in the online banking sector. It will also investigate the process of decision making that result in consumer behaviour outcomes in the online banking sector. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

Internet banking has an impact on banking performance as well as customer’s daily life. Customers are getting more used to use Internet banking services because the Internet is so popular and common available, it is more convenient and comfortable for customers to use banking services on the Internet. Hereby Internet banking also helps to improve banking service and increasing banks profitability by reducing costs. It also increases the overall value of the banks services by providing convenience, reliable, faster, cheaper services. The purpose of study is to find out which services customer prefers to execute the Internet bank and which services customers prefer to execute through branch office and based on this, what combination of services are desirable for banks customers in Visby. Finding shows that young and educated people are more frequently users of Internet banking for balance inquiry and for viewing the transaction history of his/her account. For some services customers prefer to visit branch office when opining a new account, deposit money, insurances service and loan activities. Banks encourage their customers to use online services but there is need that there are some activities that customer must go to the branch office.