Today, large companies specialized in forestry or park maintenance may own very large machine fleets consisting of hundreds of trimmers, chainsaws and brush cutters. Husqvarna Group, whose core business lies within high-end forestry and gardening products, has noticed that such companies tend to buy cheaper, low quality forestry and gardening products. The reason is thought to be that the companies lack a proper overview of the service status and utilization levels of their machines, leading to insufficient service, causing machines to break prematurely and making it hard to motivate investments in more expensive products. Hence, the companies usually adopt a consumerist approach, and buy cheaper products that are thrown away upon breaking. To make their products more attractive to machine park owners, Husqvarna want to explore the area of Internet of Things and equip their machines with sensing and communication capabilities. Collected data could be used to provide an overview of machine usage and service requirements to the machine parks owners, and could make it easier for machine park owners to dimension their machine fleet. In addition to this, a machine monitoring system where specific operator behavior can be tracked could enable identification of operators who consistently mistreat their machines by, for example, running the machine engine at non-optimal rotation speeds. In this master's thesis, a demonstrator of the working principle of a Bluetooth Low Energy based Fleet Service System is designed and implemented, complete with an evaluation of if received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is a good enough distance estimator to determine which operator operates a certain machine.  Experiments carried out indicate that while RSSI is not a good estimator of distance, it could be used to determine the operator in closest proximity given that operators are not allowed to work closer than within a 10 m radius of each other.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / In recent years the advancement of technologies of information and communication (technology ICTs) have helped to improve the quality of people's lives. The paradigm of internet of things (IoT, Internet of things) presents innovative solutions that are changing the style of life of the people. Because of this proposes the implementation of a smart mirror as part of a system of home automation, with which we intend to optimize the time of people as they prepare to start their day. This device is constructed from a reflective glass, LCD monitor, a Raspberry Pi 3, a camera and a platform IoT oriented cloud computing, where the information is obtained to show in the mirror, through the consumption of web services. The information is customizable thanks to a mobile application, which in turn allows the user photos to access the mirror, using authentication with facial recognition and user information to predict the news to show according to your profile. In addition, as part of the idea of providing the user a personalized experience, the Smart Mirror incorporates a news recommendation algorithm, implemented using a predictive model, which uses the algorithm, naive bayes. / Revisión por pares

Location tracking on mobile devices like smartphones has already begun to revolutionize personal navigation. Unfortunately, these services perform poorly indoors when GPS signals are no longer available. Highly accurate indoor location tracking would enhance a wide variety of applications including: building navigation (malls, factories, airports), augmented reality, location-aware pervasive computing, targeted advertising, social networking, participatory sensing and could even support next generation beam forming MIMO wireless networks. Current indoor localization systems for smartphones often use RF signal strength from WiFi access points or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons to fingerprint indoor locations. Such systems are sensitive to environmental changes and obstructions, require extensive training procedures and are limited in both absolute as well as semantic localization accuracy. We propose using audio signals in the ultrasound spectrum, just above the human hearing range, to provide ranging and localization for many off-the-shelf mobile devices that are equipped with microphones. Ultrasonic ranging provides several advantages over RF-based ranging and fingerprinting approaches, which make it attractive for indoor localization. A relatively low propagation speed and carrier frequency allow for precise propagation time measurements in software using commodity hardware. Acoustic signals also have a low penetration depth, which confines them to target areas for accurate semantic localization. In this dissertation we address several challenges related to acoustic localization, including system scalability, ranging and localization accuracy, energy efficiency, robustness to noise, elimination of human perceivable audio artifacts, efficient use of limited acoustic bandwidth and rapid deployment strategies.

In today’s era of the Internet of Things, it is crucial to study the real-time dependencies of the web, its failures and time delays. Today, smart grids, sensible homes, wise water networks, intelligent transportation, infrastructure systems that connect our world over are developing fast. The shared vision of such systems is typically associated with one single conception Internet of Things (IoT), where through the deployment of sensors, the entire physical infrastructure is firmly fastened with information and communication technologies; where intelligent observation and management is achieved via the usage of networked embedded devices. The performance of a real-time control depends not only on the reliability of the hardware and software used but also on the time delay in estimating the output, because of the effects of computing time delay on the control system performance. For a given fixed sampling interval, the delay and loss issues are the consequences of computing time delay. The delay problem occurs when the computing time delay is non-zero but smaller than the sampling interval, while the loss problem occurs when the computing time delay is greater than, or equal to, the sampling interval, i.e., loss of the control output. These two queries are analyzed as a means of evaluating real-time control systems. First, a general analysis of the effects of computing time delay is presented along with necessary conditions for system stability. In this thesis, we will focus on the experimental study of the closed loop control system in the internet of things to determine the cycle time constraints in case of link failure.

Det här arbetet har syftat till att utvärdera möjligheterna till att använda Raspberry Pi 2, som en del av ett identifikationssystem i vårdmiljöer. Rapporten tar upp och utvärderar möjligheterna att använda olika hårdvara och mjukvara tillsammans med Raspberry Pi, så som olika RFID-läsare, operativsystem och styrmjukvara till RFID-läsarna. Rapporten tar även upp tidigare forskning och implementationer av RFID-användning i vårdmiljöer. Från början var målet att använda Snappy Ubuntu Core som operativsystem, men laborativt arbete visade att Snappy Ubuntu Core inte riktigt hade vad som krävdes för att uppfylla syftet. Arbetet har resulterat i konstruerad mjukvara för att styra och läsa av RFID-kort med en av RFID-läsarna som testats, och det har även experimenteras med Node-RED tillsammans med RFID-mjukvaran.

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The older adult population is growing. Many seniors will need more care in order to stay at home, and some will find it necessary to move into an institutional setting (National Institute on Aging, 2017). However, there is a growing trend for senior adults to want to remain at home and age in place. Occupational therapy practitioners whose work takes place in home settings have the opportunity to enable these individuals to preserve their independence. Recent advancements in smart home technology provide applications for this form of assistive technology in situations where an older person with a disability can remain in the home because of advances in (Mahoney et al., 2009; Mann et al., 1999; Tomita et al., 2007; van Hoof et al., 2011) automation or remote controlling that minimize the assistance needed from others. However, older adults may not have the base knowledge to set up these devices for themselves. Occupational therapy practitioners can serve as a bridge to enable older adults to use smart home technology in their homes by bringing together their expertise on home modification, assistive technology, and understanding of the person, environment, and activity/occupation (Maitra & Vasquez, 2011; Waite, 2015). This proposed program is designed to empower occupational therapy practitioners to be the bridge that enables older adults to use smart home technology. It is an evidence-based, theory-driven workshop that will provide instruction on different aspects of smart home technology, including guidelines for assessment, education, and implementation with older adult clients. Within a span of eight hours, instruction will include short lectures and videos, as well as opportunities for hands-on practice using case studies and actual work with smart home technology. Occupational therapy practitioners will become a knowledgeable part of the home care modification team; they will be prepared to apply a client-centered understanding of smart home technology and will have acquired the professional terminology to discuss smart home technology and its application for home modification with other non-health care professionals. Participants will also gain the tools to advocate for occupational therapy and smart home assistive technology to family members, caregivers, manufacturers and insurance providers.

Despite the increasing interest in blockchain as a possible solution to replace centralized IoT architectures, previous work failed to provide a direct role for the sensing devices, i.e., direct interaction with the blockchain without additional components. Moreover, few studies focus on permissionless blockchains, even if it is the most secure platform for developing blockchain-based applications. This thesis presents an architecture that considers constrained sensing devices as direct actors on a public blockchain network. A public blockchain network allows the seamless inclusion of several unknown actors, and smart contracts provide a platform to develop complex IoT applications. The research followed an iterative DSR approach; designing, building, and evaluating new IT artifacts using two case studies in the agricultural IoT domain. These cases fostered two exploratory studies that diverged from the main IoT domain; however, they also provide novel contributions to blockchain-based applications. Thus, the novel architecture tackles three problems of current blockchain-based IoT systems i) constrained sensing devices as direct actors on a blockchain system, ii) permissionless blockchain networks and iii) smart contracts as an IoT application platform. Furthermore, the exploratory analyses examine two challenges of blockchain-based applications i) user experience and monetary costs and ii) data sharing and decentralized storage.

The Internet of things is a scenario where devices such as lighting, household appliances, sensors etc. are connected and communicate with each other via Internet. This puts a demand for a good infrastructure around these devices. One way to handle this is to use radio as a means of communication and let the devices forward each other's traffic in what is known as a mesh network. This thesis explores different radio standards that can be used to create a mesh network for sensors. Two different approaches to mesh networking using Bluetooth Low Energy was implemented and evaluated. One approach works by letting all devices broadcast every message they receive, a rather brute force approach. The other approach worked by letting the network find routes between all the nodes in the network and then establishes a connection between the nodes that want to communicate via intermediate nodes. It was found that the rebroadcast approach in idle mode used 3.36 mAh while the connection approach used 0.47 mAh for the same configuration. Another test was performed where the percentage of successfully delivered messages was measured. For the rebroadcast approach it was 75 % and for connection it was 58 %. Tweaking the connection network to not be able to adapt to changes increased the throughput to 77 %. During the testing numerous ways for improving performance were thought of but not implemented. The need for synchronizing the devices clocks and establishing protocol for when to send and receive became apparent when working with the rebroadcast network. In the connection network there were problems with that the routing maintenance led to unavailable units and reduced performance. / Sakernas internet, Internet of Things är ett scenario där elektriska apparater så som belysning, hushållsmaskiner, sensorer mm är anslutna och kommunicerar med varandra via internet. Men så många anslutna enheter ställer stora krav på infrastrukturen kring enheterna. Ett sätt att lösa problemen kring infrastruktur är att låta enheterna kommunicera via radio och låta dem vidarebefordra varandras datatrafik i en typ av nätverkstopologi som kallas för meshnätverk. Det här examensarbetet utforskar möjliga radiostandarder som kan användas för att skapa ett meshnätverk för just sensorer. Två typer av meshnätverk implementerades med Bluetooth Low Energy och deras styrkor och svagheter utvärderades. En av dessa gick ut på att enheterna i nätverket sände ut meddelanden som alla kunde ta och sedan att de som lyckades ta emot i sin tur sände meddelandena vidare. Det är en enkel metod som är lätt att implementera.Den andra metoden gick ut på att nätverket tog reda på sin konfiguration och vilken rutt som ska tas via andra enheter för att nå den man vill. När enheterna sen vill kommunicera så upprättar de en anslutning via enheterna längs rutten. Två saker som jämfördes mellan metoderna var strömförbrukning och andel lyckade sändningar. För samma nätverk så drog återsändnings nätverket 3.36 mA och anslutningsnätverket 0.47 mA. Antalet lyckade sändningar testades i ett annat scenario och där kom 75 % av meddelanden i återsändningsnätverket fram och motsvarande siffra för anslutningsnätverket var 58\%. Vidare testades det att stänga av utbytet av rutt information och sökningar efter nya enheter i anslutningsnätverket och då kom 77 % av meddelanden fram. I återsändningsnätverket insåg man att det fanns ett behov av att synkronisera klockorna i enheterna och etablera ett protokoll för hur när man ska sända och ta emot.I anslutningsnätverket så uppstod problem med att enheterna blev otillgängliga när de synkroniserade sin konfiguration vilket ledde till försämrad prestanda.

This study examines how an Information Technology consulting firm can act as an integrator for the Internet of Things. The aim is to contribute to a greater understanding of how the IoT-ecosystem looks and what roles an integrator can take in collaboration with partners. In order to create a deeper understanding of the topic a qualitative study was conducted with Softhouse's partners, customers, and themselves, in order to place them within the IoT-ecosystem. The study focused on examining how IoT solutions can be implemented in the forestry industry. The results show that Softhouse has a great potential to offer IoT solutions by a solid collaboration with partners. They should focus on becoming experts in data analysis through training and recruitment. Selection of partners for different projects depends on its size, complexity and type. Through analysis and by using the business model Business Model Canvas it is possible to see which partners are most suitable for which type of project. This was applied to two such cases with clients in the forest industry; Södra Skog and APEA Mobile Security Solutions.